His father, Su Xun, was the "Sue" mentioned in The Amethyst at the age of 27. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi would not have been able to get a good tutor since he was a child, let alone "learn the history of general classics, which belongs to thousands of words every day", let alone have a future literary master.
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), 21-year-old Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination in the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article on loyalty to punishment, and won the second place in the second year of high school.
In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi was awarded the judge of Fengxiang House, and he commented and signed books in Dali. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed.
Su Shi has been away from Beijing for several years, and great changes have taken place in North Korea. After Zongshen ascended the throne, he appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty.
On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people, so he disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter of opposition. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places.
This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi arrived in Huzhou for less than three months, and was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law, which is known as Wutai Poetry Case.
Su Shi was in prison 103 days, almost on the verge of being beheaded. Su Shi was spared because of the national policy of not killing the ministers of the official department during Mao's reign in the Northern Song Dynasty.
After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Yong Lian of Huangzhou Regiment (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is quite humble, and at this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this prison. In his spare time, he leads his family to reclaim wasteland and farms to help make a living. The nickname "Dongpo lay man" was given to him at this moment.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away.
Zhezong ascended the throne, the high queen mother listened to politics, the new party forces fell, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as prime minister. So Su Shi was recalled to North Korea as a doctor by the Ministry of Rites in 1998. In the first half of the month, I was promoted to the residence of Sheren, and three months later, I was promoted to the Chinese Book Sheren, so I was promoted to the bachelor's degree in Hanlin.
As the saying goes, "Beijing officials are not easy to be." Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and once again offered advice and suggestions to the emperor.
So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for a transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou after a long absence 16 to serve as the prefect. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredged the West Lake, and built a dam beside the West Lake with dredged silt, which is the famous "Su Causeway".
Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuan You (109 1), he was recalled to North Korea. But he was soon released to Yingzhou because of political disagreement. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), the new party came to power again. He was demoted to Huizhou resettlement, and later he was demoted to another family in Danzhou (now Danxian County, Hainan Province) and Changhua Army resettlement on the charge of "ridiculing the first dynasty". Hui Zong acceded to the throne, transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, and served as deputy special envoy and Yongzhou for resettlement. In the third year (1 10 1), Fu Yuan was pardoned and restored to the classical style. On his way back to the North, he died in Changzhou, posthumous title. At the age of 66.
Su Shi's literary and artistic achievements
Su Shi's literary view comes down in one continuous line with Ouyang Xiu's, but he emphasizes the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thoughts emphasize "doing something and not doing something", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "innovating statutes and releasing wonderful ideas". He believes that composition should be "like running water, with no definite quality at first, but always do what you should do and always stop where you can't stop." The artistic realm of "natural arts and sciences, rich body" ("Thank the teacher's book"). Su Shi's prose works are rich, and he is also known as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The style of the article is concise and smooth, and it is unrestrained. Shi Dehong's Postscript Dongpo (Left and Right Hands) Chi Ji said: "His prose is like water, and his waves are naturally written." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu, both called "Ou Su", are one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
Su Shi is the leader who presided over the literary world in the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu. He enjoyed a high reputation among writers at that time. Many people made friends with him or accepted his guidance for a period of time. Huang, Qin, Chao and Zhang were all trained, rewarded and recommended by him. Therefore, it is called Sumen Four Bachelor.
There are about 4,000 existing Su poems, which have a wide range of contents and diverse styles, but they are mainly bold and unconstrained, with changeable brushwork and romantic color, which has opened up a new road for the development of Song poetry. Xie Tiao's "The Original Poetry" said: "The realm of Su Shi's poetry has never existed in ancient and modern times, and everything in the world has been inspired by God." Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua" said: "It is a spectacular sight for a generation to take literature as poetry and go from Changli to Dongpo Yida. ..... Especially out of reach, born with a healthy pen, as cold as a sad pear, cut it together quickly. There is a hidden meaning that must be achieved, and there is no difficulty in showing it. Therefore, after Li and Du, it is a big family, not as good as Li and Du Chu. "
His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors and unique in artistic expression. A few poems can also reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of extravagance and arrogance. The bold and unconstrained writing has a great influence on later generations. "Nian Nujiao, Red Cliff Nostalgia" and "Shui Diao Ge Tou, Ice Dust Mid-Autumn Festival" are widely circulated.
There are more than 340 poems written by Su Shi, which break through the narrow theme of writing about love and parting between men and women and have a wide range of social contents. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of China Ci. He extended the spirit of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty to the field of Ci, swept away the traditional style of Ci since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and created an unconstrained Ci school that kept pace with the graceful school, expanded the theme of Ci, enriched the artistic conception of Ci, broke through the boundary between poetry and poetry, and made great contributions to the innovative development of Ci. His representative works include Nian Nujiao and Shuidiao Tou, which created the first example of unconstrained ci, and was also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji. Liu Chenweng's Preface to Xinjiaxuan said: "The word reaches Dongpo, which is aboveboard, like poetry, prose and wonders of heaven and earth."
Su Shi is also good at regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. Zeng studied under the famous artists of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and worshipped Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became a family of his own. Ziyun: "I can't have published a book"; There is another cloud: "Be innovative and don't practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, his pen was refined, not as natural as his boss"; Another cloud said, "When I arrived in Huangzhou, my pen was very strong." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas storms. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge are outstanding everywhere, and his life has been ups and downs. His calligraphy style is rich and naive. You can imagine that he is a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respect each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews, You, Mai and Guo, as well as his friends and Zhao Lingzhi studied under him. Later, famous historical figures such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan and Zhang Zhidong also learned from him in the Qing Dynasty, which shows the great influence. Huang Tingjian said in Valley Collection: "Those who are good at books in this dynasty should take (Su) as the first."
Su Shi draws ink and bamboo in his paintings, drawing lessons from the same style of writing (that is, writing is capable), which is more concise than writing and has the potential to dance. Mi Fei said that he "made ink bamboo, from the ground to the top. I asked: Why not divide it into sections? Say: When bamboo is born, why is it born one by one? " He is also good at making ancient trees and strange stones. Mi Fei also said: "Use dead trees as branches and bend them for no reason;" The stone is hard and strange and unreasonable, such as the depression in his chest. " It can be seen that his paintings are very strange and he wants to send them far away. His theory of painting and calligraphy is outstanding and his painting theory has far-reaching influence. For example, attaching importance to the likeness of spirit, advocating the feelings beyond painting, painting should have sustenance, opposing the similarity of form and the limitation of procedure, advocating the unity of poetry and painting, artistry and freshness, and clearly putting forward the concept of "literati painting", which laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". The existing books include Huangzhou Cold Food Poem, Cliff Ode, Thank the Teacher's Paper and several essays in Sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor. The surviving paintings are "Ancient Wood and Strange Stone"; The "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas" discovered in recent years is also his work.
In Song Dynasty, Su Shi made great achievements in poetry, prose, ci, calligraphy and painting. He is a rare literary genius in the history of China.
Su Shi's anecdotes
1, Su Shi "bullied" the teacher.
Su Shi wrote a great article in the Spring and Autumn Period entitled "On Rewarding Loyalty with Punishment". There are the following paragraphs: when Yao was a scholar, he wanted to kill people, saying "the third kill" and Yao said "the third kill", so the world was afraid of the firmness of law enforcement, and Yue Yao used lenient punishment. Siyue said "guns can be used", Yao said "no, guns can command clans", and then he said "try it". He Yaozhi didn't listen to Hao Tao's murder, but used four mountains. However, the sage's intentions can also be seen.
Examiner Mei Sheng marveled at Su Shi's article, but was not sure about the above. When Su Shi visited Mei, he asked about the origin of Yao and dialogue. Su Shi smiled and answered, "Of course."
In fact, the above allusion comes from the Book of Rites, which happened to the Duke of Zhou. Su Shi wrote on Yao during the exam, but he was fooled by teacher Bel Canto, which shows that his skill is extraordinary.
2. Dongpo Meat
When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, there was a famous jingle in Pork Fu: "Huangzhou is a good pork, but the price is worthless. The rich refuse to eat, and the poor don't know how to cook. Slow down the fire, less water, and it will look good when the fire is full. Get up and play a bowl every day, and you are too full to care. " Here, "slow fire, less water, good-looking after enough fire" is the famous Dongpo meat cooking method. Su Dongpo was later appointed as the governor of Hangzhou, building Su Causeway and building water conservancy projects, which was deeply loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Meat" followed closely, and became famous in Hangzhou, becoming a famous local dish.
3. Su Shi checked out
Su Shi lived in Changzhou in his later years. He spent his last savings and bought a house. He is preparing to move in another day. By chance, he heard an old woman crying very sadly. He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been handed down for a hundred years and was sold by unscrupulous children. She cried very sadly. Looking carefully, it turns out that the house that Su Shi bought is the ancestral home that the old woman said. So Su Shi said to her, "I sold Yi's former residence, so there is no need to feel deeply distressed. Now it's time to return the house to Yi. " Su Shi immediately burned the deed and rented a house. In July this year, he died in a rental house. (See Zhou's "Liang Manzhi")
4, poetry to eat
When Su Shi was twenty years old, he went to Beijing for scientific research. Six conceited juren looked down on him and decided to invite Su Shi to dinner for the next dish, intending to Doby him. Su Shi went with pleasure after receiving the invitation. Before the chopsticks are moved, everyone puts forward a drinking order. The content of the drinking order must quote historical figures and events, so that you can eat a dish by yourself. The other five people cheered. "I'll go first." The elder said, "Jiang Ziya is fishing in Weishui!" Then I took a plate of fish. "Qin Chang 'an sells horses", the second proudly carried away the horse meat and To Tu Thanh herded sheep in Beihu. "The third one showed no weakness with mutton." "Zhang Yide Zhuoxian sells meat," said the fourth, reaching for meat and scraping bones in Jingzhou, Guan Yunchang, "and the fifth can't wait to steal bones." Zhuge Liang planted vegetables in the middle. "The sixth proudly picked up the last dish. When all the dishes were served and the six juren were happily preparing to laugh at Su Shi while eating, Su Shi was unhurriedly chanting, "Qin Shihuang annexed six countries!" After that, he put all six dishes in front of him and said with a smile, "Brothers, please! "! " . Six juren stupefied.
5. Get ahead
When Su Shi took the Beijing exam, Ouyang Xiu, a famous literary master in the Northern Song Dynasty, presided over the exam. When he was examining and approving the paper, he was fascinated by Su Shi's gorgeous and superb writing style. In order to prevent favoritism, the papers at that time were all anonymous. Therefore, although Ouyang Xiu wanted to choose this article as the first, he felt that this article was very similar to that written by his favorite pupil Ceng Gong, and he was afraid of falling behind the crowd, so he finally rated the second. It was not until the list was published that Ouyang Xiu knew that the author of the article was Su Shi. After learning the truth, Ouyang Xiu regretted it, but Su Shi didn't care at all. Ouyang Xiu admired Su Shi's generosity and outstanding talent: "Such a talented young man should really make him stand out from the crowd (that's how idioms come from)!" And officially accepted Su Shi as an apprentice.
6. Family reunion
After the second place in Su Shi's high school, the three sons of Su Shi and the people who are famous for their "three difficulties" gathered in the garden to celebrate. Su Xun, the father of Su Shi, put forward the word "Leng Xiang", and both of them wrote two poems, which would suit the situation at that time. In order to take the lead, Sue walked slowly to the edge of the flower pond, chanting: "Water flows cold from the stone, and wind comes from flowers." Ziyou stood up and picked a Toona sinensis, flicked his fingers and said, "Cold words are unknown, and plum blossoms are full of fingers." My little sister also went to pick flowers, and I wanted to laugh at him for imitating himself, but my little sister said, "Make the cuckoo's throat cold, and stay in the flowers and have a dream." Say that finish spread out the palm, a butterfly has been trampled to death. The characteristics of the daughter were exposed, and everyone cheered in unison. Su Shi brushed a stone bench and rode away. Su Laoquan shouted: "My son, don't leave until you answer." After saying his word, Su Shi screamed: "The clothes are cold when brushing stones, and the horseshoe fragrance is gone when stepping on flowers"!
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Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian live in Jinshan Temple. One day, they made bread to eat. They agreed not to tell the Fo Yin monk in the temple about the cake fight. After a while, the cake was ready. They counted it, first presented it to Guanyin Bodhisattva, bowed down and prayed diligently. Unexpectedly, Fo Yin had been hidden in God's account in advance. When they knelt down to pray, they reached out and stole two cakes. When Su Shi finished worshipping, he got up and saw that two cakes were missing. Then he knelt down and prayed, "Guanyin Bodhisattva is amazing. She ate two cakes. Why didn't she come out to see him? "
Fo Yin replied in his account: "If I had noodles, I would cook something with you. How dare I bother you? "
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Su Dongpo is in Hangzhou and likes to make friends with monks in West Lake Temple. He and monk Fo Yin of the Holy Mountain Temple are best friends. They often make jokes while drinking and reciting poems.
Monks in Fo Yin are delicious. Whenever Su Dongpo treats guests at a banquet, he always comes uninvited. One night, Su Dongpo invited Huang Tingjian to visit the West Lake, and many tables and drinks were prepared on board. When the cruise ship left the shore, Su Dongpo smiled and said to Huang Tingjian, "Fo Yin will come to every party. Tonight, we will go to the lake by boat to drink, sing poems and have fun. He can't come anyway. " "Who knows, Fo Yin monks have long discovered that Su Dongpo wanted to swim with Huang Tingjian, so they hid under the deck when they didn't get on the boat.
The bright moon is in the sky, the cool breeze is refreshing, and the lotus fragrance is full of lakes. The cruise ship slowly arrived at the Three Towers of the West Lake. Su Dongpo raised his glass and smoothed his beard. He happily said to Huang Tingjian, "Today, without Fo Yin, we are quiet. Let's start by ordering wine. The first two sentences should be immediate and the last two sentences should end with the word "in". " Huang Tingjian said, "All right!" Su Dongpo first said:
What can the sky say when the clouds are parted and the bright moon is in the sky? What did heaven say?
Huang Tingjian looked at the lotus full of lakes, and then said:
Li Anping separated and swam out of the fish, which she deserved! Get what you want!
At that time, Fo Yin couldn't help getting off the deck. Hearing Huang Tingjian say this, he pushed the deck away and climbed out to say:
When the boards were separated, Fo Yin came out, which was really frustrating! Suppress people!
Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were startled to see a man suddenly climb out from under the planking. When they looked carefully, it turned out to be Fo Yin. When they heard him say such four poems, they couldn't help laughing.
Su Dongpo took Fo Yin and sat down and said, "You hid well. You are right. You ate again today! So, while enjoying the moon, the three men swam around the lake, talking and laughing.
7. Dongpo fish
Su Shi is not only a literary master, but also good at gluttony. Besides Dongpo elbow, Su is also good at cooking fish, and his fish is a must. Once, Su Shi was very happy. He went to the cupboard to cook fish himself. Just after cooking, I saw Huang Tingjian come in through the window (Huang Tingjian is one of the four major fonts in ancient China and a close friend of Su Shi. They often take pleasure in quarrelling. Knowing that I was going to rub the meal card oil again, I quickly hid the fish on the top of the cabinet. Huang Tingjian came in and said, "Today, I asked Brother Zi Zhan, dare I ask Su Shi how to write Su?" Su Shi responded morosely: "Su Zhe, the fish on the grass, the food on the left." Huang Tingjian added: "Can you put this fish on the right?" Su Shi said, "Not bad." Huang Tingjian went on to say, "Is this fish ok?" Su Shi said, "How can fish be put on it?" Huang Tingjian pointed to the top of the cabinet and said with a smile, "Since Brother Zi Zhan knows this truth, why do you put fish on it?" ! "Su Shi, who has always been witty, was completely beaten by Huang Tingjian this time!
8. Fruits and medicines
Shortly after Su Shi's marriage, he was invited to visit Huang Tingjian's house. When he got there, the servant came and told him to go back at once, saying that his wife was in a hurry. Huang Tingjian sneered and intoned, "Fortunately, it is early (apricot, jujube, plum) and calm (Cistanche deserticola is Chinese medicine)." This sentence contains three fruit names and one medicine name. Su Shi got into the saddle and walked away without looking back. As he walked, he said, "This thing (apples, sugar cane, persimmons) must be angelica (angelica is the name of Chinese medicine)." Sigh, Dongpo's talent is really admirable.
Doulong
After Su Shi went to prison, Zongshen sent a little eunuch to pretend to be a prisoner and sleep with Dongpo to test whether he hated the son of heaven. When eating during the day, the little eunuch teased him with words. Su Shi ate with relish and replied, "No matter the weather thunders and thunders, my heart will not move!" " "At night, he fell asleep, and the little eunuch teased him." Isn't it a pity that Sue sleeps in such a bed? " !" Su Shi ignored it and snored and answered. The next morning, the little eunuch woke him up and said, "Congratulations, your Excellency, you have been pardoned." You know, that night was very dangerous. As long as Su Shi has a little complaint and a little strange behavior of eating badly and sleeping uneasily, he is in jeopardy. In fact, Emperor Zongshen was also a fool. How could it be impossible to send a eunuch to take refuge in Su Shi's information?
jam
After the restoration of the imperial conservatives, Sima Guang, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, who was famous for smashing jars, paid homage to each other, and the new law was completely abolished. At this time, Su Shi, who is also a conservative, advocated that the new law should not be completely denied, but should be treated differently, so he had a fierce conflict with Sima Guang and was once again demoted to Guazhou. Although Su Shi believes in Buddhism, he doesn't like monks. I heard that there is a famous monk named Fo Yin in Jinshan Temple in Guazhou. Sushi was unconvinced and decided to go to the mountain to meet the old monk for a while! In the temple, Su Shi talked from the emperor to the civil and military officials, and from governing the country to being a man. The monk listened quietly. Su Shi saw that Fo Yin was silent and looked down upon him from his heart. I thought to myself: everyone says he is capable. It turns out that he is a straw bag, and he came here to cheat some incense money! The topic slowly came to Buddhism. At this time, Fo Yin asked: "What kind of person should Lao Na be in your husband's eyes?" Su Shi was full of contempt and casually replied, "You are capable in the eyes of ordinary people, but that's because they are shallow. In fact, you are a liar every day, and there is no real talent! " Fo Yin smiled and answered in silence. Su Shi saw that he not only looked down on the monk more, but also gloated, so he asked, "Master Su, who am I in your eyes?" "You are a very learned and cultivated person. It is better to be honest than to lose money! " Fo Yin replied. After returning to China, Su Shi proudly told his little sister how to be a monk in the morning, and Su Xiaomei laughed so hard that her meal came out. Su Shi was puzzled and asked, "Why is my little sister laughing?" "You belittle the monk. Instead of being angry, he praised you. Who do you call educated? How to cultivate one's morality without learning? You still think you're better than others? Shameless, you don't even know! " . After listening to this, Su Shi suddenly realized that he and Fo Yin had become best friends since then.
Bones are not cold.
One day, Su Shi and Fo Yin visited Slender West Lake by boat. Master Fo Yin suddenly took out a fan with Dongpo poems written on it and threw it into the river, shouting, "Water flows out of Dongpo poems (corpses)!" Su Shi was stunned at that time, but soon smiled and pointed to a dog gnawing bones on the river bank, chanting: "Dogs gnaw bones on the river bank (monks)!"
Dongpo eats grass
In his spare time, Su Shi visited Master Fo Yin in Jinshan Temple. I didn't expect the master to be away, so a little novice monk opened the door. Su Shi proudly said, "Where is the bald donkey? ! "。 Little novice monk calmly pointed to the distance and replied, "Dongpo eats grass!" " "
Repel the enemy with couplets
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song people led an invasion of Liao. However, the imperial court, which was bent on seeking peace, attracted the envoys of Liao State and sent a pair of couplets, asking the Song people to answer correctly: three lights, the sun, the moon and the stars. If you are allied, you will withdraw your troops and make peace. This couplet looks simple, but it is not easy to get it right. The number in the sentence is the same as the number after it, and the number selected in the sentence corresponds to three things more or less. Su Shi, who happened to return to Beijing to report on his work, skillfully combined the upper and lower couplets into one: four poems, elegant and ode. This couplet has only three names in four poems, because there are "Ya" and "Ya" in the Book of Songs, which are collectively called "Ya". In addition, there are four parts: "national style" and "ode to poetry", so the Book of Songs is also called "Four Books". The punch line is natural, and Liao admires it to the extreme.
Three people must have a teacher.
One day, Su Shi, his sister and Huang Tingjian enjoyed these paintings. It's interesting to see the title above: the breeze is fine and the willows are fine, and the plum blossoms are pale. Look, it's a four-character couplet, but there is a word in the middle. Miss Jie suggested adding words in the middle to become a five-character couplet. Huang Tingjian caught it right: dancing in the wind and hiding plum blossoms in the bright moon. Miss Sister's Supplement: The breeze shakes the willows, and the bright moon reflects the plum blossoms. Su Shi thought for a moment, immediately responded, and wrote lyrics to make it become: the breeze helps the willows, and the plum blossoms are defeated in the bright moon. Throughout the three-person couplets, Su Shi is the best: the word "Fu" not only describes the softness of the wind and the exquisiteness of the willow, but also describes the intimacy between the wind and the willow, which is more vivid; The word "lost" is also more appropriate than the word "hidden", which not only emphasizes the bright moonlight, but also takes into account the cleanliness of plum blossoms, highlighting the fusion of the two, which is more consistent and appropriate.
One man's plan
Fo Yin, Su Shi's best friend. Although he is a monk, he never avoids wine and meat. On this day, Fo Yin fried fish and drank wine, which happened to be the day when Su Shi visited. Fo Yin quickly hid the fish under the big fish. Su Shi had already smelled the fishy smell, but he didn't see it when he entered the door. He remembered that he had been cheated by Huang Ting that day. He changed his subject and deliberately said, "Today, I came to ask the master, what is the next sentence of Xiangmendi Changchun?" To Fo Yin's great surprise, his old friend read a well-known old saying, and he blurted out the following sentence: The accumulation of good deeds is not just a celebration. Su Shi clapped his hands and smiled: "Since there were fish (surplus) in the Qing Dynasty, let's accumulate some goodness and enjoy it."
Wushan river
On one occasion, Su Shi made an appointment with his brother Su Zhe and his master Fo Yin. The three of them traveled together, and Fo Yin improvised a sentence: There is no mountain like Wushan. The key lies in the homonym of "nothing" and "witch". Su Zhe is right: he is mellow in Ye Can. When Su Shi heard this, he said to his younger brother: It is certainly good to use the homonym of "Hehe" to express "Wu Wu", but wouldn't it be better to change it to this: What water can be as clear as a river? Hearing this, Fo Yin and Su Zhe agreed, saying that "water" is better than "mountain" and more stable in processing.
Li Anqi Xiaomei
Su Shi, who hasn't met her friends for a long time, invited Huang Tingjian to visit her home. When my sister saw my brother go out to meet him personally, she made a joke and said, "My brother is invited outside for two months.". Su Shi knew that Xiaomei was joking with herself and immediately said that Xiaomei was catching half the wind at the window. "Half" versus "double" and "wind" versus "moon". Interestingly, the traditional "wind" in China means that half wind means "lice", which means that little sister is catching lice by the window. Little sister turned away angrily.
Eat rice, eat rice
After Su Shi was reinstated, he told Huang Tingjian: "When I was in prison, three meals a day were still very sweet. It's delicious on earth! " . When Huang Tingjian asked what the three white rice meant, Su Shi replied, "A pinch of salt, a dish of raw radish and a bowl of rice are three white rice." Su Shi has forgotten this matter. One day, I received an invitation from Huang Tingjian to invite Su Shi to his house for dinner. Su Shi readily kept the appointment and said to his wife, "Huang Tingjian is a contemporary bachelor and has a wide reading. He must have very little food. But when Su Shi got to the place, he found that there was only salt, radish and rice on the table, and he suddenly realized that it was teased by Huang Tingjian. A few days later, Huang Tingjian also received an invitation from Su Shi, inviting him to have a meal. Huang Tingjian knew that Su Shi wanted revenge, but he was curious and wanted to know what the meal was, and finally went. Su Shi accompanied Huang Tingjian from morning till night in Shanghai and carried Huang Tingjian's chest on his back because of hunger. I really can't help eating. Su Shi replied slowly: "Salt also has hair (no, pronounced as m m m?o, meaning" no "), radish also has hair, and rice also has hair. Isn't it just a "meal" In fact, you have been enjoying it. " Huang Tingjian consternation, two people laugh at the same time.
Dead. All right.
In his later years, when Su Shi was dying, he gathered around the bed and asked his sons, "Do you think it's good to die? ! "The youngest son replied mysteriously," It must be very good. " Sue said to him, "How can you know for sure?" ! The youngest son said, "think about it. If not, why don't all the dead people come back? ".Nobody has come back for thousands of years. It must be good to die! "
Su Shi and Gao Qiu
The Water Margin tells the story of Qiu's rise for the second time, saying that he was originally the son of a drifter who settled in Kaifeng. "This person plays singing and dancing, spears and sticks, and is stubborn in sumo wrestling. He is quite capable of poetry and songs. If you talk about benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom, you will be loyal and kind, but not. " After living in Linhuaizhou for several years, he was introduced to Dong Bing's home, which opened a pharmacy under Jinliangqiao in Beijing. Dong Yongbing didn't want to keep him, so he recommended him to "Xiao Su Bachelor". The "Little Su Bachelor" only left Gao Qiu to stay in the house for one night, and then introduced him to Xu, a Wang Jinqing. Later, he met the then Prince Song Huizong. Because he hit a good ball, he was flat.
Readers probably don't know who this "Little Su Bachelor" really is, and how can he have such a big face and recommend a humble little official to Xu. It turns out that this "Little Su Bachelor" was mistaken by the author of Water Margin, and it should be the famous "Big Su Bachelor", which is also known as Dongpo layman Su Shi. Wang Mingqing, a poet of the Song Dynasty, described the development of Gao Qiu in detail in the seventh volume. Combined with other relevant materials, we know that Gao Qiu was originally a petty official in Su Dongpo's mansion. When Su saw that Gao Qiu's articles were very elegant, he appreciated him very much. In the eighth year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong (1093), Su Shi was appointed as the magistrate of Zhongshan House (now Dingzhou City, Hebei Province) from imperial academy, and was recommended to Ceng Bu, a bachelor of Hanlin. Ceng Bu's family already had many servants, so he didn't accept them. Su Shi recommended Gao Qiu to Wang Jinqing, surnamed Xu. Gao Qiu lived in the palace for seven years. Until the third year of Fu Yuan (1 100), he met Duan Wang by chance. As it happens, a month later, Zhezong died, claiming that Hui Zong was the king or emperor, and Gao Qiu was "moved to sacrifice" by Hui Zong. A few years later, the official reached our time and gradually became an envoy of the Tang Dynasty. "I have been through Sanya for 20 years. I was in the former competent department of the temple, starting with me." When one person gets the word, chickens and dogs ascend to heaven, his father Gordon is promoted to our time, and his brother Gao Shen ranks among the dignitaries with the help of Gao Qiu's potential flame. It is a great honor that all his children are Langguan.
Besides, Su Shi was repeatedly relegated because of the party struggle within the imperial court. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Ren Xuan collapsed and Zhezong was in charge. As an old party figure, Su Shi knew that his political views could not be tolerated by the New Deal, so he asked the outside world for help as a magistrate in Zhongshan. In less than a year, the political situation is getting worse and worse. In April of Shao Shengyuan (1094), courtiers impeached him. What he said when he was an academician was a slander against the first dynasty. He was demoted as the Zhizhou of Yingzhou (now yingde city, Guangdong Province), but before he took office, he was demoted as the deputy envoy of Ningyuan Army and placed in Huizhou. This so-called "frugality" is just a little face left by the emperor to the minister. In fact, he is already a prisoner living under surveillance. Not counting this, before long, he was demoted to Qiongzhou (now Qiongshan County, Hainan Province) and lived in Changhua Army (now southwest of Dan County, Hainan Province). He lived a hard life of "no man's land, no bait" until Hui Zong ascended the throne (11kloc-0/). It can be said that the day when Gao Qiu's official career was successful was when Su Shi was doomed. What is the connection between the two after that? Gao Qiu has always been grateful to Su Shi, and has never forgotten the feeling of getting a bachelor's degree. Whenever Su Shi's descendants and relatives come to the capital, Gao Qiu will personally ask questions and give gold and silver to help the poor. From this perspective, Su Shi recommended Gao Qiu to Wang Jinqing, not because he didn't like his frivolity, but because he appreciated his talent. Su Shi was upright and upright all his life, and never made enemies with others. Gao, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in Guo Huazhou's Leisure Record: "Su Zi deeply loves the world and enjoys doing good deeds. Taste the words:' You can accompany the Jade Emperor from above and the Beggars' Sect from below.' Ziyou (his younger brother Su Zhe, known as "Master Xiao Su") is a bit slow. He tastes the precepts and expects to choose friends. Zi Zhan said,' It is a disease to see that there are no bad people in the world.' "Things in the world are often so dramatic. Su Shi and Gao Qiu have different political views and different life orientations. They can be said to be two completely different people. However, when the children of Sumen were poor and unable to survive, it was Gao Qiu who in turn saved their lives and enabled Su Shi's sons and nephews to revive their family style in the Southern Song Dynasty. This may be due to Su Shi's life of "seeing all the bad guys in front of him" and being honest with everyone, which made politics possible.
Here, by the way, explain Gao Qiu's old age. At the beginning of Jing Kang, Gao Qiu escorted Hui Zong to the south. When he arrived in Linhuai, he suddenly fell ill and had to return to Beijing. At that time, Tong Guan, Liang Shicheng and others were killed by the court because of great public anger, and Cai Jing was exiled. Only Gao Qiu survived this disaster and later died at home. This is probably because he lived up to Sue all his life, and Yan's Lao Tzu didn't make him a ghost by the sword.