Chen Ziang
No one can see the ancient wisdom of the ancient king, only those wise men who can't see the afterlife can see it.
I miss you in heaven and on earth, and I cry alone!
When Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, Chen Ziang held the idea of reforming the politics of the Tang Dynasty and put forward many suggestions for benefiting the country and the people, but unfortunately none of them were adopted. This kind of poem was written by Wu Yi, the king of Jian 'an in Chen Ziang, when he levied the Khitan. He put forward a strange plan, but it was not adopted. Because of its strong appeal, it has become a famous article for later generations.
Twelve songs (Part I)
Zhang Jiuling
Lan won, and Guihua begged Berger.
Life in the world is full of vitality, which naturally conforms to the beautiful season.
Who knows Lin, seduced by the fragrant wind, is satisfied.
Won't it be more demanding to be transplanted than any other natural flower? .
In the 24th year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was ostracized by Li and others, and was demoted as the secretariat of Jingzhou. After the fall, he wrote twelve "Feelings".
This is the first poem in a series written by the poet because of his own experience. The poet used the metaphor of beauty and vanilla to express his political feelings of fear and ridicule. At the same time, he also said that he was born in Xiu De, which was due to his nature. This poem expresses the poet's persistent pursuit of ideals in a gentle and elegant way.
Passing through Changsha Jiayi's former residence
Liu Changqing
Sacrifice for three years in the evening and mourn for ten thousand years in Chu.
Autumn grass alone, or only the setting sun through the bleak Woods? .
In Chinese, there is a small wish. Can you hope that the plain Xiangjiang River will understand you?
When you come to such a distant place like me. The mountains and rivers there meet in silence.
This poem can be called the seven rhymes of Tang poetry. It was the first time that Liu Changqing was demoted to Nanba, passing through Changsha and visiting Jia Yi's hometown. The whole poem expresses his sadness at the grief of the ancients. Literally, every sentence is written for Jia Yi, but in fact, every sentence is deducted from his own account. "Happiness in the land" is the author's situation at that time, and "Chu Rong's sadness" is the author's mood at that time. Autumn grass, cold forest, into the empty house, I saw the setting sun, and the author has found it alone, showing the deep admiration. The last four sentences are based on emotion. There is a saying in China that Jia Yi is still poorly paid, and there is no way for generations. The persecution of the author is not blind. Jia Sheng mourned for Qu Yuan, just as he mourned for his old house.
Don basma
The literati in China, especially the ancient literati, are always bordered by politics, which is not only caused by the literati's officialdom situation, but also caused by the social system.
In the year of Yongzhenyuan in Tang Shunzong (805), Wang and Wang Pi came to power, reformed state affairs, and appointed a number of politicians with backgrounds, such as Wei Zhiyi, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Ling Zhun, Cheng Yi, Han Ye, Han Tai, etc. This innovation lasted 146 days and ended in failure. Wang Pi and Wang were killed, Wei Zhiyi was demoted as Sima of Yazhou (now Hainan), Han Tai as Sima of Qianzhou (now Ganzhou, Jiangxi), Chen Jian as Sima of Taizhou (now Zhejiang), Liu Zongyuan as Sima of Yongzhou, Liu Yuxi as Sima of Longzhou, Han Ye as Sima of Raozhou (now Jiangxi) and Ling Zhun as Sima of Lianzhou (now Guangdong).
Wang, a native of Yinshan, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), is good at chess; Wang Pi, a native of Hangzhou, is good at calligraphy. Tang Dezong Li Shishi, both kings are good at serving Prince Li Yong. Li Yong often talks about current affairs with his attendants in the East Palace, and Wang's unique views gain consensus. After years of contact, Li Yong deeply trusted Wang. At that time, a group of talented literati such as the above-mentioned people formed an innovation group with Wang as the leader and "two kings, Liu and Liu" as the core. In the first month of the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805), Dezong died of illness, and Li Yong succeeded to the throne for Shunzong. With the support of Shunzong, Wang Group came to power, with Wei Zhiyi as the prime minister, and issued a series of decrees, which were known in history as "cheering all over the city" and "making people happy". In order to unify state affairs and get rid of abuses, Wang Group paid special attention to mastering financial power and seizing military power from eunuchs. Due to the strong resistance of the eunuch clique, the plan to seize military power failed to be realized.
After the failure of innovation, Han Tai, Chen Jian, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Han Ye, Ling Zhun, Cheng Yi and Wei Zhiyi were successively demoted to Sima Eight Counties.
Liu Zongyuan (773-819), a native of Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), was called Liu Hedong. He grew up in Chang 'an (now Xi, Shaanxi). Born into an official family, he has little talent and great ambition. Zhenyuan nine years (793), Jinshi concurrently. During this period, he was quite proud of his fame and career. 2 1 year (805), Tang Shunzong acceded to the throne. At the age of 33, Liu Zongyuan served as the minister of rites, assisted Wang and others in political reform and malpractice, and did many great things that benefited the country and the people. After the innovation failed. Liu Zongyuan was demoted as Sima of Yongzhou (now Lingling, Hunan). During the period of 10 in Yongzhou, he made outstanding literary achievements through hard life and hard creation. In Yuanhe 10 year (8 15), Liu Zongyuan returned to Beijing by imperial edict, but was immediately demoted as the secretariat of Liuzhou (now Guangxi). Liuzhou is isolated from the world and has a bad environment. Liu Zongyuan tried his best to do many good things for the people, such as releasing slaves, organizing reclamation, setting up schools, breaking bad habits and developing cultural and health undertakings. Four years later, he died in Liuzhou at the age of 47. In today's words, he died young.
In literature, Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu advocated the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty, and called it "Liu Han", which was one of the "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
Among the eight Sima, Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi are the most famous. His poems are profound, clear and unique. His poetry theory represented the progressive tendency of the literary movement at that time. During the Cultural Revolution, we read his Feudalism and Snake Catcher in middle school. I remember that there was no feudal text in the textbook, but it was engraved on a steel plate and mimeographed by hand. At that time, it was said that Mao Zedong and Guo Moruo mentioned his feudalism in their poems. I guess it was for political reasons (Liu Zongyuan praised the centralization of Qin Shihuang in his article and opposed the enfeoffment system) that Liu Zongyuan's article was included in the text. 1in the spring of 973, Mao Zedong wrote a poem criticizing Guo Moruo and praising Liu Zongyuan's jingle: "Lao Guo retired Liu Zongyuan/fell behind Liu Zongyuan/became famous/worshipped Kong Erxian." 1in August, 973, Mao Zedong asked Jiang Qing to copy his new book, Reading Feudalism? Go to Lao Guo. Mao Zedong's poems, such as Jiang Qing's Treasure, were a shoo-in, trying to make a fuss and severely criticizing Guo Moruo, but of course Mao Zedong stopped them. This shows that Liu Zongyuan's political view has a far-reaching impact on later generations.
Liu Yuxi (772-842) was born in Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan). Zhenyuan nine years Jinshi, official to the suggestion. Wang failed and was demoted to Sima Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan Province-a wild place in the Tang Dynasty). Later, he served as the secretariat of Lianzhou, Kuizhou and Hezhou, and was the official to the minister of inspection and inspection department, and the prince was the guest. Liu Yuxi is not only a political reformer and philosophical thinker, but also an outstanding poet with unique achievements.
Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription has long been a well-known "masterpiece". It is said that this famous article was actually "angry". Liu Yuxi was demoted to Anhui and Hezhou as a secretariat. When he was banished to Hezhou, the magistrate saw him, which added to the difficulties. First, he was arranged to live at the south gate, facing the river. Liu Yuxi didn't complain, but posted a couplet in front of the door: "Facing the river, looking at the white sail, I contend with the country." This move angered the magistrate of a county. He moved Liu Yuxi's residence from the south to the north, and the house was reduced from three to one and a half. The new house is by the river, and the willow tree is Yiyi. Liu Yuxi touched the scene and wrote a couplet: "Liu is beside the Qinghe River, people are in Liyang, and their hearts are in Beijing." Seeing that he was still carefree, the magistrate of a county transferred the house to the city and gave him only a house that could only accommodate one bed, one table and one chair. In half a year, rachel moved three times in a row, and the house became smaller every time. Finally, it's just a small room. The county magistrate was really deceiving others, so he wrote "Humble Room Inscription" in a fit of pique, which was famous in ancient and modern times.
The whole book of "Humble Room Inscription" is 8 1 word, which shows the harmony between emotion and scenery, things and heart. After reading this inscription carefully, I don't feel the ugliness of this room, but the elegance of this room: the elegance of the environment "moss marks on the green platform, grass color into the curtain"; Elegant humanities, accepting literati, "talking and laughing with a scholar, no Ding Bai"; Elegant artistic conception, "you can tune the pipa and read Jin Dian." There is no confusion or complicated form, which expresses the author's valuable temperament of being broad-minded and far-reaching. Liu Yuxi is an official, honest and selfless, diligent in government affairs and concerned about people's livelihood; In order to write and transcend the world, with great wisdom and great wisdom, future generations left many catchy and philosophical poems. His poems include Zhuzhici, Yang Liuzhi, Wuyi Lane, The First Banquet in Yangzhou, Thoughts on the Past in Xipaotai Mountain, etc. , has long been a masterpiece, many of which are classics we are still quoting today.
Wei Zhiyi was the biggest official in the Eight Sima Departments, and served as prime minister (but there was more than one prime minister at that time, which may be equivalent to the current deputy prime minister). After leaving Chang 'an and going all the way to Wan Li, Wei Zhiyi came to Cliff State, which he was most afraid of in his life, as the manager of Cliff State. He served as prime minister in Beijing for less than a year, but he was exiled for seven years until he died at the age of 48. In Yazhou, Wei Zhiyi began to feel that the world is not afraid of the road, and the scenery is pleasant and unimaginable. Moreover, he was lucky to meet a local official Li Jia who was not snobbish and "respected as your official". Li Jia appointed Wei Zhiyi as a secretariat to help him manage government affairs, which was called "official promotion to state affairs". Wei Zhiyi appreciated and cared about this, did his duty, and managed the country with his own talents. In recent years, we have done an excellent job in building water conservancy, educating people, promoting learning and spreading the culture of the Central Plains. When a person falls from the peak of power to the bottom of the valley, the huge power gap cannot be borne by every China person with a strong feudal consciousness. Wei Zhiyi survived, and he was able to settle down in Tianya, benefiting the people and returning to this land forever. Based on this, we should commemorate him!
Because of a political reform movement, these talented literati were exiled to a remote and wild place in China at that time. Some of them died there, and some survived. When they returned to the mainland, they were poor and ill, with white hair, not to mention their youth. Who says politics is a bloodless war? Even his own life is at stake, isn't it bleeding?