Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu (960-976)
Zhao Kuangyi, Song Taizong (976-997)
Zhao Heng, Song Zhenzong (997- 1022)
Zhao Zhen, Song Renzong (1022 ——1063)
Zhao Shu, Song Yingzong (1063 ——1067)
Zhao Xu, Song Shenzong (1067 ——1085)
Zhao Xu, Song Zhezong (1085—1 100)
Evonne, Song Huizong (1100—1125)
Zhao Huan, Song Qinzong (1125—1127)
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Brief introduction of the northern song emperor
Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu
Zhao Kuangyin (927-976), the founder of the Northern Song Dynasty in China, was born in Song Taizu and Zhuozhou (now Zhuozhou, Hebei). Zhao was born in an official family, the second son of Zhao. In 948, Guo Wei, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty, made great contributions. In 95 1 year, after Guo Wei proclaimed himself emperor, Zhao Kuangyin was appointed as an imperial envoy and was inspected in front of the temple. After Zhou Shizong's death, Zhou Shizong acceded to the throne. In the first year of Stegosaurus (960), in the name of Zhen and Ding Erzhou, he lied that the Khitan joined forces with the Northern Han Dynasty to invade the south on a large scale, led the troops to war, launched the "Chen Qiao mutiny", proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Zhou, established the Song Dynasty, and made Kaifeng its capital. After Zhao Kuangyin proclaimed himself emperor, he defeated Nanping, Houshu, Nanhan, Nantang and Xiang's separatist regime, unified the whole country, and ended the situation of division and melee in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries.
During Zhao Kuangyin's reign, he learned the lesson of the eunuch's autocracy and separatist regime in the Tang Dynasty, accepted the advice of the sage Zhao Pu, and removed the post of military attache by "a glass of wine", thus "valuing literature over martial arts" and strengthening centralization. As a result, there was no eunuch monopoly and separatist regime in the Song Dynasty, and the society was relatively stable. However, it also led to the "poverty and weakness" in the Song Dynasty, and foreigners invaded one after another. However, literature, philosophy, fine arts and science and technology in the Song Dynasty were extremely developed because they valued literature over martial arts. In the ninth year of Kaibao (976), Zhao Kuangyin died suddenly during the northern expedition to Qidan, at the age of 50.
Song Taizong Zhao Huan
Song Taizong (939-997), the second emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty (reigned 967-997), was named Zhao Xuan. Mao's younger brother, originally named Kuang Yi, was later changed to Guang Yi. After he acceded to the throne, he changed his name and reigned for 22 years. Zhao is the third son and the younger brother of the founding monarch of the Northern Song Dynasty. His real name is, and Mao changed his name to after he ascended the throne. Song Taizong is very successful, diligent in government affairs and concerned about people's livelihood; However, because he failed to cut Liao twice, Wang Xiaobo launched a peasant uprising in Sichuan. But on the whole, during his reign, the Song Dynasty was still relatively strong.
He took part in the mutiny in Chen Qiaoyi and made his younger brother emperor. He inherited Mao's policy of "breaking the separatist regime one by one", forced Yue to cede territory, and personally conquered the Northern Han Dynasty, trying to recover sixteen states of Youyun. However, after two defeats against Liao, they adopted the policy of passive defense. Internally, we will further strengthen centralization, expand the system of taking scholars in imperial examinations, and build Chongwen Academy to compile Taiping Yulan. He paid attention to building water conservancy projects and reclaiming wasteland, which intensified the exploitation in the later period of his rule and aroused the uprisings of Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun. He betrayed the "Golden Chamber Alliance", killed his younger brother and left his eldest son Yuan for the people. He died in Bianjing Wanshoutang in 997 at the age of 59.
Zhao Heng, Song Zhenzong
Song Zhenzong (968- 1022), Emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty (997- 1022), named Zhao Heng, was originally named Zhao Dechang, and was the third emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. He is Song Taizong's third son. Before he ascended the throne, he was called Hanwang, Xiang Wang and Shou Wang. In 997, the prince succeeded to the throne. During the reign of Song Zhenzong, the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty became more and more stable, the state management became more and more perfect, and the Northern Song Dynasty was relatively strong. He was once named Hanwang, Xiangwang and Shouwang. Later, he became a prince. During the early reign of Xianping and Jingdezhen, due to their diligence in political affairs and economic development, they were known as ruling the world. However, in the first year of Jingdezhen (1004), Liao invaded Zhou Qiguo, and the battle of Qiyuan established an alliance under the city, which set a precedent of seeking peace and exchanging things for peace in that year and increased the burden on the people. Later, he appointed Wang Qinruo Daxing Xiangrui, sealing Mount Tai in the east and worshiping Fenyang in the west to extensively build Buddhist temples and Taoist temples, which led to the intensification of social contradictions. He died in Yanqing Hall of Beijing Palace in 2008+0022 at the age of 55 and was buried in Yongding Mausoleum for 25 years.
Song Renzong Zhao Zhen
Song Renzong (1010-1063) was the emperor of the northern song dynasty (1022-1063). Zhao Zhen, formerly known as Youyi, is the sixth son of Song Zhenzong. Born in Dazhong in the third year of Xiangfu (A.D. 10 10), he became the Crown Prince in10/8, and was named Zhao Zhen. 1023 proclaimed himself emperor at the age of 13. His rule began to become frugal. However, after repeated defeats in the Xixia War, he was forced to compromise with silver, silk and tea to increase the annual currency and make peace with Liao. Land annexation, redundant palaces, redundant soldiers, and redundant expenses are becoming more and more serious. Although Fan Zhongyan and others were used for reform, the result failed. But generally speaking, during the reign of Injong, the country was relatively stable. 1063, Injong died in Funing Hall in the palace at the age of 54. According to the History of Song Dynasty, his mother Shi Li was stolen as her own son by Liu Defai after giving birth to Renzong. After Injong acceded to the throne, he still recognized Queen Liu as his biological mother, and Li dared not recognize mother and son when he died. After the death of Queen Liu, Injong knew the inside story and made Li the Queen Mother. Later generations wrote "Civet cats for princes" according to this history.
Song Yingzong Zhao Shu
Zhao Shu (A.D. 1032-1067), the great grandson of Emperor Taizong, was the fifth emperor in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his reign was 1063- 1067. He is the thirteenth son of the former fourth generation emperor Song Renzong, with the permission of his brother. When he was in power, he was mediocre and declined in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Injong had no children, and Injong was raised by Injong in the palace when he was young, and was named Zongbao. /kloc-in 0/050, he was appointed as the ambassador of Yongyue State, and later as the defense ambassador of Qin Zhou. 1055 made him an heir. During the reign of Emperor Yingzong, Han Qi, an old minister, was unwilling to reform, but there was no war with Liao and Xixia. 1067, died in Funing Hall in the palace. He was buried with Gao Hou, Di Qing and Yang in Yu Ling for four years.
Song Shenzong Zhao Xu
Song Shenzong, Zhao Yong (A.D. 1048 ~ 1085), formerly known as Zhong Cheng. The eldest son of Yingzong. Yingzong succeeded to the throne after his death. /kloc-died in 0/8, aged 38, and was buried in Yongyuling (now Dongbao, southwest dike of Gongxian County, Henan Province). God Zhao Zhuan was named King Huaiyang and King Ying successively. Yingzong was made a prince when he died. He likes reading Han Feizi. After reading it, he said, "There are many disadvantages in the world, and we need to reform." Yingzong died on the fourth day of the first month of A.D. 1067 and succeeded to the throne on the same day. The following year, his year number was changed to "Xining". After Zhao Yong acceded to the throne, in the face of the serious situation of "poor and weak" in the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to make Qiang Bing rich, ease class contradictions and save the crisis of feudal rule, he ignored the palace, abandoned his elders and began to use Wang Anshi to preside over the political reform. The implementation of the new law for more than ten years has increased the state's fiscal revenue and enhanced its military strength. However, the new law touched the interests of big landlords and was strongly opposed by conservative officials. At that time, there was an earthquake landslide in a place, and conservatives said that Wang Anshi's political reform was improper, which caused God's anger. In A.D. 1073, Hebei suffered in the early morning and the victims were forced to flee. A conservative official took the opportunity to draw a map of refugees and presented it to Zhao Yong, saying, "The early disaster was caused by Wang Anshi's political reform. As long as we stop the political reform and get rid of him, God will rain to eliminate disasters. " The Empress Dowager Cao and the Empress Dowager Gao also cried in front of them that Wang Anshi had messed up the world and demanded that the new law be stopped. Zongshen wavered, and Wang Anshi was forced to resign twice and never became an official again. After Wang Anshi resigned, Zhao Yong maintained most of the new laws for nearly ten years until his death. In the war with Xixia, Wang Shao was appointed in the early stage, which won the battle of Xihe River and recovered 2,000 miles of old Han land. The late eunuch Li Xian suffered a fiasco in Lingwu because of improper command. Zongshen got the news in the middle of the night and got up and paced, but Dadan didn't sleep, so he was ill. In February 1085, he was seriously ill. In March, he appointed Zhao's servant as the Prince and asked the Empress Dowager to cooperate in handling state affairs. On the day of the Reform Movement of 1898, he died in Funing Hall, Bianjing Palace. After Zhao Yong's death, the name of this temple was Zongshen.
Song Zhezong Zhao Xu
Song Zhezong Zhao Xu (A.D. 1077- 1 100), the seventh emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty (reigned 1086- 1 100), was the sixth son of former emperor Song Shenzong, formerly known as Maid. When Zongshen was dying, he was made a prince. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen died, and Zhao Xu proclaimed himself emperor. For the sake of Song Zhezong, he changed his name to "Yuan You". He died in Bianjing, reigned for fifteen years, and was buried in Yongtai Mausoleum at the age of twenty-four. When Zhezong ascended the throne, he was only 10 years old and was ruled by the empress dowager. After the Empress Dowager Gao came to power, Sima Guang, a die-hard official, was appointed as prime minister. As soon as Sima Guang came to power, he abolished all the "Wang Anshi Reform" (Xining Reform) during Zongshen's rule. Song Zhezong was dissatisfied with the rule and repression of Sima Guang and Empress Dowager Gao. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Empress Dowager Gao died, and Zhezong was in charge. Philosophers' pro-politics showed that Sima Guang was chased down, Su Shi, Su Zhe and other old party member in Lingnan (now Guangxi) were demoted, and then Zhang Dun, Ceng Bu and other reformists were reused to restore Wang Anshi's Jiabao law, exemption law and young crops law. In the political reform, the burden on farmers will be reduced and the country will become better. The following year, he changed to be less holy, stopped negotiations with Xixia, and sent troops to crusade against Xixia many times, forcing Xixia to make peace with the Song Dynasty. Fu Yuan died in Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) in June of 5438+0 in the third year (1 100). Zhezong was a successful emperor in the Northern Song Dynasty. However, the party struggle between the new party and the old party was not resolved, but intensified during Song Zhezong's administration, laying the groundwork for the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Evonne, Song Huizong
Song Huizong (1082- 1 135) was the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Shenzong's eleventh son, Evonne, was the eighth emperor of the Song Dynasty in China, and he also had quite high artistic attainments. He is engaged in painting and calligraphy, and is famous for flower-and-bird painting and "thin gold book" calligraphy. Xue Ji, a beginner in calligraphy, and Huang Tingjian, a calligrapher. Regular script is thin, vigorous and beautiful, and has the reputation of "bending iron to break gold". It has its own system and is known as "thin gold body" internationally. Handed down from ancient times are True Grass Thousand Characters and Xie Lin Lanting Silk Edition. His brother Song Zhezong had no children and passed them on to him after his death. After 25 years in office (1100-1125), Evonne pursued extravagant life excessively, bought "flower stones" in the south, collected exotic flowers and stones, and transported them to Bianjing to build a garden palace. He believes in Taoism and calls himself. When nomads from the invasion, unable to cope with, he quickly handed over to his son Song Qinzong, and he himself became the "emperor's father", but in the end the situation was irreparable. Both father and son were captured and tortured by the nomads from the north, and died in Yilan, Heilongjiang eight years later.
Zhao Huan, Song Qinzong
Song Qinzong (1100-1156) was the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. My name is Zhao Huan. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), the nomads from the army went south, and their father, Hui Zong, ascended the throne. The following year, he was forced to use the hawkish Li Gang to resist gold and behead the deposed Cai Jing party. But I still promised to pay compensation and cut Taiyuan for peace. After Bianjing City was broken, gold fell and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), he and Hui Zong were exiled to the north as nomadic people and imprisoned in Wu Guocheng (now Yilan, Heilongjiang). 1 16 1 year, Zhao Huan was trampled to death by a horse in the state of Jin at the age of 57, and his burial place is unknown.