Later, Yingzong was put back, and under the planning of his cronies, a "change of seizing the door" was staged, and Yingzong was restored and became emperor again. After Zhu Qiyu was killed, Yingzong denied that he was the emperor and destroyed the mausoleum built in Tianshou Mountain area. He was buried as a "king" in Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs of Beijing. In this way, two of the sixteen emperors of the Ming Dynasty were buried elsewhere, one was unaccounted for, and the other thirteen were buried in Tianshou Mountain, so they were called the "Ming Tombs". Located at the southern foot of the main peak of Tianshou Mountain, the Ming Changling Mausoleum is the tomb of the third emperor (Yongle) and empress Xu of the Ming Dynasty. Among the Ming Tombs, the building scale is the largest, the construction time is the earliest, and the ground buildings are also the best preserved. It is the ancestral mausoleum in the Ming Tombs and one of the most important tourist attractions in the mausoleum area. Judy (1360-65438 May 2 +020424 August 120424), Han nationality, the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, reigned for 1402- 1424, with the year Yongle. Judy was born in Yingtianfu (now Nanjing) on April 17th (May 2nd) in the 20th year of Zheng Zhi, Yuan Shundi (1360). In December of the thirty-first year of Hongwu, in order to guard against the rebellion of the Prince of Yan, Emperor Wen Jian appointed Sharla Cheung, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, as the special envoy for the deployment of Beiping, and Xie Gui and Zhang Xin were both in charge of Beiping [1-2]. Then, he ordered the commander-in-chief Zhong Song to station troops in Kaiping, and handed over the troops to the prince of the northern plain. After the Jingnan War, Yang Yinglong introduced himself and attacked his nephew, Emperor Jianwen [3-4].
1402 acceded to the throne and changed to Yongle. [5] He made five personal expeditions to Mongolia, set up Nur Apprentice Division in the northeast and Hami Wei [6-7] [8-9] in the northwest, which consolidated the north-south border defense and safeguarded the unity and integrity of China's territory. He sent Zheng He to the Western Seas many times, which strengthened friendly exchanges between China and foreign countries. Edit Yongle Grand Ceremony [1 1] Dredging the Grand Canal [12- 14]. 142 1 [15] moved to Beijing, which played a very positive role in strengthening the rule of the Ming Dynasty. During his reign, he will develop from the devastation after Jingnan to economic prosperity and strong national strength, which is called "Yongle Shengshi" in history. Judy was also called "Yongle the Great" by later generations. "Chronicle of Cheng Zu" said: "The strategy of military courage is the same as that of Gao Zu. Six divisions appear repeatedly, and the dust settles in Mobei. By the end of the season, Wade was regarded as a distinguished guest from all directions, and almost 30 countries were ordered to pay tribute by North Korea. The width of meteorites is far from that of Han and Tang Dynasties. Success is heroic and prosperous. " Mingding Mausoleum Mingding Mausoleum is the tomb of Zhu Yijun, the 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty. His two queens are also buried here. The mausoleum is located at the foot of Dayu Mountain, southwest of Changling, and was built in 1584 ~ 1590 (from the 12th year of Wanli to the 18th year of Wanli). The main buildings are Enmen, Endian, Baocheng, Minglou and Underground Palace. Covering area182000m2. This is the only tomb excavated in the Ming Tombs. Dingling underground palace can be visited by tourists. Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun (1563—1620) was the 13th emperor of Ming dynasty and the third son of Mu Zong of Ming dynasty.
Qin Long became the Crown Prince in two years, Qin Long in six years, Mu Zong died, and Zhu Yijun, aged 10, acceded to the throne, and Wanli was changed in the following year. He reigned for 48 years and was the longest-serving emperor in the Ming Dynasty. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, in the face of internal troubles and foreign invasion, Zhang served as the first record of the cabinet and presided over the Wanli New Deal. In the early days of pro-government, I was diligent in government affairs. In the middle period, the "Three Great Expeditions of Wanli" were launched, which put down the Bayi rebellion and the Yang Yinglong rebellion and helped vassal Korea defeat the Japanese invaders. At this time, the seeds of capitalism appeared, and history called Wanli Zhongxing. In the later period, he ignored the political affairs and did not go to court for 28 years. Jurchen rose rapidly in the northeast and defeated the Ming army in the battle of Salhu. Since then, the national situation in the Ming Dynasty has declined. TempleNo. God Sect, posthumous title Fan Tianhe Daoist Su Dunjian Guangpian Wu 'an Renzhi filial Emperor, buried Dingling Ming Tombs. Ming Shenzong's life can be divided into four stages: before 10, he was the crown prince; 10 to 20 years old, during the period of the little emperor, he was just a symbolic authority, and everything was done according to the great scholar Zhang; After the age of 20, the pro-government period. Early pro-government, diligent; In the late pro-government period, although he didn't go to court, it didn't mean that he personally presided over the three major expeditions of Wanli. He once defeated Toyotomi Hideyoshi's invasion of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and was an emperor with a national hero. The failure to educate the prince in his later years led to the demise of the Ming Dynasty. Ancient and modern scholars commented on Zhao Yi's The Harm of Mining Tax in the Twenty-second History of Wanli: "The commentator said that Ming died, not in Chongzhen, but in Wanli." "Monument to the Immortal Virtue of the Ming Tombs" said: "The death of the Ming Dynasty is not the bandits, but the absurdity of God and the arbitrariness of eunuchs at the time of the apocalypse. Ministers are interested in money, and officials specialize in flattery.
And four acceded to the throne, although the inverse castration has passed, but the trend of the world, such as a river, can never be re-plugged, fish rotten can not be re-collected. However, the censorship is too harsh, and people are relieved. Wang did not report his sufferings, so he became a thief, and the thief took advantage of it, while Mingshe went home. Oh! It's raining, but I don't know what to be afraid of. "At the end of" Fifteen Years of Wanli ",it is concluded that" 1587 is Wanli 15 years. On the surface, it seems that the four seas are peaceful and there is nothing to remember. In fact, our Ming empire has reached the end of its development. At this time, the emperor made efforts to govern or indulge in pleasure, dictatorship or reconciliation, senior generals were creative or used to being clean, civil servants were clean or corrupt, and thinkers were extremely progressive or absolutely conservative. The final result is that there is no distinction between good and evil, and all of them cannot achieve meaningful development in fact. So our story has to end tragically here. Wanli Dinghai Yearbook is a total record of failure in history. Changling: Lingmen-Beiting-Lingenmen-Lingen Hall (Inside: there are sculptures of Yongle Emperor Judy, nanmu pillars, Xu Kang's Yongle Fu, the stone tablet "Tomb of Emperor Chengzu Wendi-"of Lingxingmen, Shiwugong, Changling Minglou, Minglou-Baoding Minglou: 65438. In the building, there is a stone tablet in the temple of Emperor Zhongli, and there is a spiritual bed under the stone tablet. There are several banquets in front of the Ming building. The Ming building is the symbol of the imperial mausoleum and the tallest building on the central axis of each mausoleum. There is a "sacred monument" in the Ming building of Changling. The tablet system is the leader, with the seal of "Daming" and the seven-diameter regular script of "Tomb of Emperor Wendi of Chengzu" engraved below (Figure 1).
Among them, "Chengzu" is Judy's temple number; "Wen" is posthumous title (meaning "Jingwei Tiandi"), and the handwriting is old clay gold. The tablet body is painted with a red lacquer diaphragm, so it is commonly known as "Zhu Shibei". The silk burning furnace in the Ming Changling Mausoleum: also known as Liao furnace, is placed in front of the Grace Hall. The whole glass, crystal clear and exquisite, is a pit furnace for burning bamboo boards, making silk and gold and silver coins after the sacrifice. Before the appearance of the silk burning furnace, the ancient sacrifices were mainly firewood burning and burnt offerings. For example, according to historical records, worshipping Mount Tai and burning firewood are also called "Liao Festival". The ancestors of the Chinese nation burned firewood and raised smoke during the sacrifice, which was a sacrifice to heaven and earth, and also the forerunner of later sacrifices, including private tombs. Even in ancient times, when offering sacrifices to ancestors, the same method was used, but the incinerators used gradually evolved into different types with different sacrifices. Silk burning furnace, also called Liao furnace in ancient times, is commonly used in temples, tombs, private tombs and other buildings to burn sacrifices during memorial ceremonies. The wood-burning stove in the Temple of Heaven is made of green glazed tiles. When the ceremony is held, the calf is sacrificed on the stove and burned with pine branches and reeds to welcome the emperor, which is called "burning firewood to welcome the emperor". After the ceremony, the offerings, boards, silks, etc. dedicated to Emperor Fengtian on the sacred case will be sent to the furnace for burning, and the emperor will stand by and watch, calling it "Looking at Liao". The sacrifices burned by the silk burning furnace vary from time to time. With the change of the times, the burning sacrifice has also changed, and the gas appliances used have gradually standardized the system and become more practical.
From about the Tang Dynasty, there was a custom of sweeping graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In the twentieth year of Kaiyuan (AD 752), the imperial court issued a letter: "? It is advisable to go to the grave and make it five rituals, which will always be a routine. " In the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, sacrificial ceremonies included offering sacrifices, toasting, offering incense, saluting, saying greetings and giving gifts to the gods. And burn sacrificial plates in a silk burning furnace to make silks, colored paper, gold and silver coins (gold ingots made by stacking gold and silver wires) and other sacrifices. By burning silks and silks, sacrifices burn and smoke rises, which embodies the noble customs and virtues of the Chinese nation, such as worshipping ancestors, respecting Myanmar, respecting rituals, worshipping for generations and generations to come. Wire burning furnace-The burning apparatus has evolved from a simple model in ancient times to a bronze wire burning furnace with lost wax precision casting, except pottery, porcelain, glass and iron. The shape is more novel and the production is more exquisite. They are integrated with painting, calligraphy, artistic sculpture, architecture, metal casting and mechanical production, which makes the stove-silk stove present a unique comprehensive artistic style, embodies the charm of ancient culture and art in China, and represents that the bronze casting art in China has reached a new peak stage and become a bright pearl in the great and splendid treasure house of ancient art in China. In the Qing dynasty, all the silks made by Chen Li, the god who sacrificed to the national altar, were black. Sacrifice the coordination of Qiu Qiu, Chang Yu and Fang Ze, and make silks with blue, red, yellow, white and black ritual gods; Sacrifice the altar of the Asahi, and make silk with the red ritual god; The sacrificial altar is made of black silk, and the stars are made of black silk, red silk, yellow silk, white silk and black silk.
Sacrifice the first agricultural altar and the first silkworm altar; There is a statue of Bai Li in the Temple for Sacrificing the Emperor, Qianshi Temple, Ancestral Temple, Planning Hall, Philosophical Hall, Guandi Temple, Wenchang Hall and Houdian, as well as the First Doctor Hall, san huang Throne, Xianyou Palace and Dacheng God Temple. Sacrifice to the temple of fire and make silks with red ritual gods; Sacrifice Dongyue Temple, and make silks with Lanli God; Sacrifice 4: Dragon Shrines, Huiji Temple and Heshen Temple. Silk is a black ritual god. Xiannongtan is the place where the ancient emperors offered sacrifices to the first farmer, Yandi Shennong. Beijing Xiannongtan was built in Yongle period. Let's meet Ming Taizu Judy, the owner of Changling. Judy was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his father was Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding monarch of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang (Li Zhong, Zhou Hao, now Fengyang, Anhui) was a very special emperor in the history of China. His uniqueness is first of all his background. There were about 5,600 emperors in ancient China. Zhu Yuanzhang came from the poorest family. His father and grandfather are poor farmers. When I was a child, I showed people cattle and sheep and looked for odd jobs everywhere to fill my stomach. Later, there was a serious drought and plague in Bird's hometown, and his father, mother and brother died one after another. In order to survive, Zhu Yuanzhang entered a temple and became a young monk. I stayed in the temple for less than two months. Because the disaster was too serious, so many people could not be raised in the temple, so they were dismissed and became people with wooden fish and begging for alms with clay bowls. Although he was born in poverty and didn't receive a good education, he was extremely smart, fierce and cruel, and had a lot of leadership temperament. When he was a child, he herded cattle, all of whom were king of the children in this group of cowherd babies, and all his friends took him with him.
Later, Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Anti-Yuan Rebel Army and soon became an independent general. Finally, in 1368, the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown, and the Ming Dynasty was established with Nanjing as its capital. Ming Taizu * * * 26 sons, the eldest son Zhu Biao was made a prince. Except for two sons who went to the early world, they were all enfeoffed to establish vassal States, supervise and manage local affairs, and guard the frontier to identify the royal family. Zhu Yuanzhang believed that it was my Zhu family who prevented outsiders from rebelling. But the captaincy is armed to the teeth and has great power. I think this will lead to long-term stability. Ming Taizu is also aware of this. Later, in order to make the kings pretend to be vassals, he took some measures to limit their power, compiled some books specifically to exhort the vassals, and stipulated what the kings should and should not do and distributed them to the vassals. But all this is in vain. The second son, King Qin, and the third son, King Jin, were discovered one after another because of their kindness, cowardice and ambition. In the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), Bird was 65 years old, Zhu Biao died, and his eldest grandson Zhu Yunwen (16 years old) became the great-grandson of the emperor. After the death of the prince, the king of Qin and the king of Jin died, both before Zhu Yuanzhang, which was no big deal. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), Bird died on July 7, and his eldest grandson succeeded him as Hui Di. Early twenties, young and inexperienced, it is difficult to convince the public. The uncle and the prince of Yan rose up and did the opposite, instructing their ancestors, and it was difficult to seal the peace. In the fourth year of Wen Jian (1402), he ascended the throne and stood on his own feet. In the name of eliminating the traitor "clearing the border", he set out to attack Nanjing. Zhu Yuanzhang was bullied by other monks in Huang Jue Temple. As time went on, Zhu Yuanzhang held his breath. One day, when he was sweeping the floor, he tripped over Galand's seat and hit Galand's broom. On another occasion, the old monk saw that the candle in the hall was bitten by a mouse and reprimanded Zhu Yuanzhang in public. Zhu Yuanzhang thought, Galand can't even control what is in front of him. How can he manage the palace? To make matters worse, I was scolded. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang wrote the words "sent to three thousand Li" behind Garan. All these reflect Zhu Yuanzhang's character of not being oppressed.