For example, the Zhu case in the 19th year of Kangxi (1680) is worth mentioning.
Meng Sen, a great historian in the Republic of China, wrote an article on the Zhu case, which said
In the Qing Dynasty, the literati often talked about anecdotes. Zhu's name was unknown, but he was regarded as a demon, such as Wang Haoxian and so on. This is because of the bondage of official documents in the authoritarian era and the separation of church and state. In learning, free thought is forbidden, and people are often killed by great disobedience. Once killed, the preacher embellished it and sealed his eyes and ears, unable to tell the truth. In the late Qing Dynasty, such as Liao Ping in Jingyan, Sichuan, and Wu Yusheng, a scholar, played a role in their study and were punished by law several times, which was still an autocratic habit. Tracing the crime of Zhu is not guilty. At that time, he talked about the three major sins that Wang had participated in: First, he preached faith, had a law of birth, and ignored the imperial ministers; Second, there are many letters; Third, the invention of memory is in the brain, not in the heart, thinking that it is also new and different. From today's point of view, the first two are religious, and the latter, the newly invented so-called mental function, especially the definition of physiology, is a minor sin, so today's books should be burned and schools destroyed.
This case is also introduced in the Summary of Banned Books in Qing Dynasty. Let's briefly extract Zhu's prison as follows: In the 19th year of Kangxi (1680), there was Zhu in Huguang, named Emei Mountain, and the disciples gathered together to discuss it, and wrote "Zhong Shuo Bu", saying that the middle way was at the root of the eyebrows.
In July of the twentieth year of Kangxi (168 1), he admonished the "loyal minister" carved by Wang, accusing him of falsely abusing the monarch, violating the holy way and confusing the people. In February of the following year, Jiuqing proposed to restore "begging for power to safeguard the world". As a result, Zhu was beheaded, and his disciples Lu Guangxu, Zhai and Gu were also sentenced to death in the autumn.
According to Meng Sen's summary of Zhu's crimes and the first two sentences, it is estimated that Wang Gen and even Wang Yangming of the Ming Dynasty will be beheaded under the rule of Kangxi. Needless to say, Wang Gen, a civilian thinker born in Ding Yan, is arrogant, pretentious and has numerous disciples. This alone was enough to make him beheaded under the rule of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. As for Wang Yangming, he said that the study of the world is a public school, not Zhu He's private. Under the rule of Kangxi, he was accused of deviance, not to mention that he also called his disciples to give lectures, which caused a sensation in all directions and was acclaimed as a saint by his disciples.
If the last memory is not in my mind, it is actually the ignorance of Kangxi and his ministers. This view is actually not new. As early as the end of the Ming Dynasty, many intellectuals had spread. Why did you come to him and say something new, even became a charge of decapitation? This in itself is also a manifestation of the ignorance and autocracy of Kangxi and his ministers.
For example, Zhu of Wu said that the rulers of the Qing Dynasty were ignorant and stubborn, so that their subjects were killed because they held some scientific and progressive views.
There is also the Dai Mingshi Prison in the Kangxi period, also known as the Nanshan Book Collection. He was beheaded and his family and friends were implicated as slaves because he agreed with the view that Fang was the name of Nanming. This case is widely known, so there is no need to waste more space here.
Again, for the emperor who made these literary trials, it was only that he did not condemn their tyranny. If he praises them as benevolence, it seems too far from the truth.