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How to treat the relationship between religion and culture is an inevitable problem for every nation in the process of developing culture. Buddhism has exerted a great influence on China culture and left a splendid Buddhist cultural heritage in the history of China. For example, the most well-preserved ancient buildings in China include the Buddhist Temple Pagoda, the existing brick pagodas of Song Yue Temple in Songshan, Henan Province, the Tang Dynasty wooden buildings of nanzenji and Beiju in Wutai Mountain, the Damu Pagoda in Yingxian County, and the stone East-West Pagoda of Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, all of which are precious objects for studying the history of ancient Chinese architecture. Many Buddhist buildings have become prominent signs of landscape contours in various parts of China. In a lush, red-walled and blue-tiled hall and Qiongge. Exquisite Buddhist architecture adds infinite spring scenery to the magnificent scenery of Wan Li. Dunhuang, Yungang, Longmen and other grottoes are world-famous as treasures of ancient sculpture. They have absorbed the characteristics of Gandhara and Indian, and developed into sculpture art with China national style, which is a great cultural heritage of our country.
literature
Buddhism has also brought new artistic conception, new style and new wording methods to China culture. Thousands of classics translated from Sanskrit are great and rich literary works in themselves. A?vagho?a's Ode to the Zen Forest brings a model of long narrative poems; Fahua, the late Wei Dynasty and White were the sources of inspiration for novels in Jin and Tang Dynasties. Prajna and Zen thought influenced the poems of Wang Wei, Bai Juyi and Su Shi. Bianwen, folk stories and Jackson's quotations all have a deep relationship with Chinese popular literature.
Painting and music
Touching stories in Buddhist scriptures often become the subject matter of artists' paintings. The Buddhist painting skills of Cao Buxing, Gu Kaizhi, Zhang Senbi, Zhan Ziqian, Yan and Wu Daozi have been passed down from generation to generation. The development of Chinese painting from Wang Wei's literati painting to popular freehand brushwork painting after Song and Yuan Dynasties is related to Zen thought. This shows the role of Buddhism in the art of painting. As for music, Brahma was very popular in China in the 3rd century. The music of the Tang Dynasty also absorbed the music of Buddhist countries such as Tianzhu Music, Qiuci Music and Anguo Music, and a small part of the music of the Tang Dynasty was preserved in some Buddhist temples.
Follow the king's laws
Buddhism is the oldest of the three major religions in the world. Buddhism has been one of the main beliefs of China people for more than 1000 years since it was introduced to China in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During this period, under the impetus of a generation of eminent monks and great virtues, many emperors and generals also joined the ranks, and finally Buddhism penetrated into all levels of society. The philosophical part of Buddhism combines, blends and stirs with Confucianism and Taoism, and then merges with the long-standing China culture to form one of the mainstream of China culture, which radiates brilliant light for China culture. The content of culture is extremely extensive and there are many projects. All the total achievements of mankind from barbarism to civilization can be called culture.
1In June, 975, when meeting with a foreign leader of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong emphasized that every country's revolution should proceed from its own reality and should not copy China. Then, taking Buddhism as an example, he quoted Kumarajiva as saying: "Those who learn from me are sick." Kumarajiva, a foreigner, can speak Chinese and has translated many Buddhist scriptures. This is to think for yourself. Marx said that their theory is only a guide, not a dogma. Five o'clock: "Although I have done it, people who can't do it can't do it." It is said that the vulgar king made a system for the monk, who did not follow the scriptures. I didn't do it. The rest is clean. I have to do it. That is, it is used according to the king's law and has to be used. "Buddhism is established by combining the specific national conditions of China or the specific conditions of different ethnic groups, and it is precisely the precepts of this Buddha. No wonder Marx and Engels said that Buddhism is dialectics. Nathan (President of Singapore): "Of all religions, Buddhism is what I respect most. It emphasizes substance rather than form. "
Language and writing
Zhao Puchu said: "Hu Shi didn't write The History of China Philosophy because he didn't understand Buddhism at that time. Fan Wenlan, a famous contemporary historian in China, held a nihilistic attitude towards Buddhist culture in his early years, but began to systematically study Buddhist scriptures in his later years, saying that he needed to make up lessons. The historian told people that in the history of China, the relationship between Buddhism and culture is so deep that if you don't know Buddhism, you won't know China culture. However, people still do not attach importance to the study of Buddhism and regard it as a vulgar religious superstition. For example, Xuanzang, a great translator, traveler, linguist and master of Buddhism in China's history, left a proper chapter for him in the works of world history by western scholars. His name is a household name in India, and former Indian Prime Minister Nehru honored him as one of the four great men in history. But in China, people only know the Tang Priest in the Journey to the West, but they don't know Xuanzang in the cultural history of China. What's more, some people simply regard the precious cultural heritage of Buddhism as a way to make money, and many things that shouldn't happen give people an excuse that China doesn't respect culture. Although many people deny that Buddhism is a part of China culture, his mouth actually contains Buddhist elements. Language is one of the most common and direct cultures. Many expressions in China's Chinese, such as world, truth, reality, equality, present, moment, discipline, relative, absolute, consciousness, consciousness and sudden, all come from Buddhist vocabulary. If you really want to completely abandon Buddhist culture, I am afraid they can't even speak well. "
Mr. Liang Qichao once counted the Dictionary of Buddhism compiled by the Japanese, which included "more than 35,000 words" of China Buddhist vocabulary. Buddhist vocabulary not only occupies a large part of Chinese vocabulary, but also contains a large number of high-end and latest vocabulary, which greatly expands the breadth and depth of China culture. It can be said that without the richness of profound and colorful Buddhist vocabulary, there would be no maturity of China culture in China. Therefore, when formulating today's cultural development strategy, we should put forward the problem of seriously studying the essence of Buddhist culture.