First of all, let's learn about Su Shi's growing environment:
Su Shi, Zi Zizhan, was born in Meishan, Meizhou, Sichuan. Su's family, his mother's family and Cheng's family are all famous figures in Meishan, and their family conditions are relatively rich.
When Su Shi was seven years old, he began to study. At the age of eight, he entered the local township school. At the age of 1 1, he showed his wealth and wrote an inscription to kill the mouse with a knife. Later, after being taught by a famous teacher, I learned a lot.
At the age of 2 1, Su Shi took the imperial examination and was awarded the second place in the imperial examination by the scholar Ouyang Xiu, who later accepted him as a disciple. Three years later, Su Shi took the most difficult "exam" in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was the first person to take the third place, which shows that his talent is extraordinary. Later, Su Shi began to take office and began the ups and downs of his career.
Su Shi's three relegation experiences;
? The first demotion-Huangzhou
After working abroad for several years, Su Shi was recalled to Beijing by Song Yingzong. Four years later, Song Yingzong died, Song Shenzong reached the peak of power, and the famous "Wang Anshi Reform" in China history was about to begin.
However, before the political reform, the conservatives headed by Sima Guang and Ouyang Xiu had waged a fierce struggle with the political reform school headed by Wang Anshi. The focus of contention between the two sides lies in "admonishing ministers", that is, officials who give advice to the emperor professionally, which has a great influence on the emperor, especially on young Song Shenzong.
In June of the second year of Xining (AD 1069), there was a vacancy in the suggestion court. Zhang recommended Su Shi and was excluded by the New Party. 10, Sima Guang recommended Su Shi and others as admonishers, but the result was rejected again. 1 1 month, young Song Shenzong wanted to appoint Su Shi as the official who recorded the words and deeds of the emperor, which was more important than the admonition officer. Wang Anshi immediately suggested that Su Shi was unworthy of being used and was pushed again.
When the old and new factions fought fiercely, Su Shi was regarded as an important cadre among conservatives, although Su Shi didn't know it at this time. Su Shi has always been regarded as an important cadre of conservatives, although Su Shi didn't know it at this time.
In the third year of Xining (AD 1070), Zhang was named. Sima Guang resigned angrily because his opinion was not adopted and went home to write a book. Subsequently, Han Qi and Fan Zhen were exiled to Beijing. After these conservatives went out, most of them recommended Su Shi and others as remonstrators, such as Zhang and Fan Zhen.
So the new party began to attack Su Shi, thanked him for impeaching him, and falsely accused Su Shi of carrying goods by boat and selling smuggled salt during his father's funeral. Although it was framed, Su Shi's position as an admonition officer had to be forgotten.
10, conservative fan Zhen wrote four times to beg for official positions, demanding that political reform be stopped. Wang Anshi was "furious, holding the book in his hand." After Fan Li left, Su Shi became more lonely. Su Shi, who couldn't stand the anger of "sandwich cake", wrote a letter asking for foreign posts and was sentenced to general punishment in Hangzhou.
At this point, all conservatives were expelled from Beijing. At the same time, the new party itself gradually split, and Wang Anshi gradually lost control of the reformists.
In the second year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1079), Su Shi moved to Huzhou. As usual, he would like to express his gratitude to the court. The result was impeached by reformists. Su Shi was arrested and sent to Beijing.
After staying in prison for several months, Su Shi immediately had the idea of sending a funeral, and wrote a poem "Give a gift to the imperial prison, and the jailer will invade it slightly, so don't live up to it". His death in prison is unforgivable. He pretended to give the jailer Liang Cheng two poems, quoting last words and two poems. Fortunately, due to the efforts of conservative figures such as Sima Guang, Zhang and Fan Li, Su Shi was released.
In the third year of Yuanfeng (AD 1080), Su Shi was exiled to Huangzhou and began to live in exile for several years. An experienced blow had a great influence on Su Shi.
? The second demotion-Huizhou
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Song Shenzong died and the young Zhezong succeeded to the throne. Empress Dowager Gao was in charge of politics, and Empress Dowager Gao immediately put Sima Guang in charge. Sima Guang recalled many conservatives, including Su Shi, while "abolishing the new law".
At this time, Su Shi had a more mature idea, and Sima Guang wanted to abolish the exemption law and restore the servant law. Su Shi expressed his opposition. Su Shi believes that the exemption from service and officers actually have their own advantages and disadvantages, but the exemption from service law has been implemented for one or two decades, and it has changed suddenly, so people may not adapt to it and cannot be abolished easily. Sima Guang was very unhappy.
Sima Guang didn't expect Su Shi to "jump back", and Sima Guang was quite angry. But anger turns to anger, and Sima Guang has not controlled Su Shi, because Sima Guang's time is running out and there are more "new laws" waiting for him to abolish.
On the first day of September in the first year of Yuan You (AD 1086), Sima Guang died of illness. Sima Guang's death also means that the conservatives are leaderless and begin to fall into the stage of internal friction. Coupled with the departure of Wang Anshi, the reformists deteriorated, and the contest between the two factions was no longer an "ideological" struggle, but a contest of interests.
Su Shi repeatedly jumped between the "political reform" and "conservative" factions, and was excluded by these two factions at the same time. After Su Shi wrote numerous official letters, in March of the fourth year of Yuan You (AD 1089), Su Shi was finally awarded a bachelor's degree in Longtuge and got to know Hangzhou.
Quiet 10 years, a piece of paper, was banished to Huizhou. At this time, he was 57 years old.
? The third demotion-Danzhou
I thought Huizhou was Su Shi's final destination. I didn't think that fate had imposed his suffering, but it didn't end.
Su Shi was recalled to North Korea shortly after he fled a foreign country. The reason is that the "party struggle" in the imperial court has split again. During this period, there appeared "party struggle" characterized by region, such as "Shu Party", such as, Cen, etc. "Shaanxi Party" includes Zhang Zai and his student Lu Dajun; Luo Danghao and his disciple Zhu Guangting.
The reasons for attacking Su Shi are very simple, such as "friends are better than bullies", "leading the party to do things", "using it from the beginning, leading the party to separate powers, promoting beauty and excluding offenders" and so on.
After political struggle, Su Shi was tired again and begged to know more about Yuezhou, but he didn't get permission.
In addition, in the eighth year (A.D. 1093), Empress Dowager Gao died and succeeded to the throne. Zhezong was very dissatisfied with the endless party struggle and wanted to use the new party again. Therefore, the Korean people recommended Zhang Dun, Tao An, Li Qingchen and Lv Huiqing in the new party to Zhezong.
Seeing that the "new law" was going to be implemented again, Su Shi wrote a responsible letter, demanding that Song Zhezong be cautious in his words and deeds and resign immediately. Song Zhezong didn't listen to Su Shi's advice, but he still let Su Shi go abroad.
After the new party came to power, it suppressed the old party, and Su Shi was very hurt. In this way, under the operation of the new party member, 60-year-old Su Dongpo received a new relegation order from the court in Shao Sheng's fourth year. This time, he was exiled to a more remote and desolate Danzhou, Hainan.
In the Song Dynasty, Hainan was a wild place, and being exiled to Hainan was often regarded as a punishment "second only to being beheaded".
At the age of 60, he was exiled to Danzhou, Hainan. Both Su Dongpo himself and the New Party members who are extremely hostile to him are ready to die here. Then, under such difficult conditions, Su Shi began to farm in the mountains, but he was also happy.
In the third year of Fu Yuan (A.D. 1 100), Song Zhezong died. Song Huizong, the new leader, granted amnesty to the whole world, and Su Shi was recalled again. In July (1 10 1 August 24th), Su Shi died on his way home from the north.
In the eyes of ordinary people, Su Shi just can't be an official. He has quite good conditions, but he rejects "have it both ways" and always disagrees with the "mainstream". But in my opinion, Su Shi is not like an official, but more like a conscientious scholar, who always sticks to his beliefs and never goes with the flow. Perhaps because of this, Su Shi was loved by later intellectuals.