Ancient Egypt is one of the four ancient civilizations. More than 5,000 years ago, hieroglyphics appeared in ancient Egypt. The following is the ancient Egyptian text I compiled for you, I hope it can help you.
What is the writing of ancient Egypt?
More than 5,000 years ago, hieroglyphs, that is, Egyptian writing, appeared in ancient Egypt.
Introduction to ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics
Egyptian writing is the oldest writing, starting from the earliest hieroglyphics carved on the knuckle plates of the armor of Pharaoh Namer (3,100 BC ), ancient Egyptian writing used in churches to this day. It was later called Hierpglyphe by Europeans. This is a compound word composed of the Greek words "sacred" and "engraved", which means the word of the god, that is, the body of the monument. Usually written on a piece of paper called papyrus. The ancient Egyptians believed that their characters were created by Thoth, the god of the moon, calculation and learning, which is very similar to the Chinese legend that Cangjie created characters. Ancient Egyptian belongs to the Egyptian-Coptic family of Semitic-Hamite languages. The earliest language of this language family is ancient Egyptian, which is the language recorded in the hieroglyphs we see. By about the 4th century, it evolved into Coptic. Today, Coptic is also used in religious ceremonies.
The discovery of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs
In 1799, Bouchard, an officer of the French expeditionary force, discovered an extraordinary black basalt stone tablet with a polished body in the Rosetta area of ??Egypt. Light basalt with three paragraphs of text engraved on it. Later, after expert interpretation, these three paragraphs of text were composed of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, Arabic cursive script, and Greek text. At that time, scholars boldly assumed that these were three text versions of the same document. People know the Greek text among them, and after correctly translating that Greek text, they then try to find the relationship between the Greek text and those hieroglyphics.
In 1822, French linguist Jean-Francois Champollion submitted a research paper and announced his discovery of Egyptian hieroglyphs. This marks an extremely important chapter in the history of world archaeology? The birth of modern Egyptology.
Hieroglyphics are a very complex and ever-changing writing system. After ten years of hard work, Champollion finally translated the Egyptian "Cleopatra" starting from the king's name. People must be familiar with the meaning represented by this word, that is, Cleopatra, who conquered Julius Caesar. Any great discovery may seem simple in hindsight, but at the time, the work was fraught with difficulties because of the many variations of hieroglyphs that had appeared over 3,000 years. The "New Type" is different from the "Modern Type". This great language and archaeologist used his superhuman wisdom to find the key to deciphering hieroglyphics for mankind, and this is also the key to unlocking the door of ancient Egyptian culture.
Ancient Egyptian belongs to the Egyptian Coptic family of Semitic languages. The earliest language of this language family is ancient Egyptian, which is the language recorded in the hieroglyphs we see. By about the 4th century, it evolved into Coptic. Today, Coptic is still used in religious ceremonies.
Egyptian hieroglyphics have 30 single-syllable characters, 80 two-syllable characters, and 50 three-syllable characters. There are also graphic characters that can directly express meaning. There are not many real ideographs. Most of them borrow the pronunciation of several ideographs to express concepts, similar to the usage of borrowed sounds in Chinese. The function of determiners is similar to radicals in Chinese. Egyptian hieroglyphics combine form, meaning and phonetic symbols, and their meaning symbols and sound symbols are all derived from hieroglyphic figures. Unlike Chinese, they still maintain separate graphic characters. Interestingly, this kind of text can be written horizontally or vertically, and can be written to the right or left. The direction depends on the direction of the head of the animal character; as for the word unit, how to write it in a balanced and beautiful way? As long as it doesn't affect the meaning, it can go up, down, left, or right. This can be said to be one of the calligraphic features of Egyptian hieroglyphs. When we talk about Egyptian hieroglyphics, we generally refer to the hieroglyphic script, which is mainly used for more solemn occasions and is often seen in inscriptions in temples, monuments and pyramids. Monk style is mostly written on papyrus, which is equivalent to the running script or cursive script of Chinese characters. The secular form is a simplification of the monastic form.