During the Western Jin Dynasty, social unrest and old morality collapsed. Scholars in the Western Jin Dynasty indulged in life, spending money like water, traveling, missing life, talking about Hyunri and boasting about victory. They use the same methods-articles, words, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting-to show their personality and demeanor.
Later generations criticized the Western Jin Dynasty for "debauchery of customs and loss of integrity", but this is not the free liberation of ideas, nor the awakening and romance of people.
The characteristic of calligraphy in the Western Jin Dynasty is that the center of calligraphy is still in Luoyang, and the old style and the new style are flourishing. At the same time, southerners began to accept new styles of calligraphy.
First of all, seal script
There are two kinds of inscriptions and seal script in the Western Jin Dynasty, namely "Xiexiu Inscription", which is a strict method of seal script in China.
Second, The Shinto of Wang Jun's Tomb is incomplete and tends to be artistic.
There are also tomb tiles in the seal script of the Western Jin Dynasty. But the best way to study and understand is through the official seal of the Western Jin Dynasty.
The official seal and private seal of ricas unearthed in 1990s are typical of hanging needle seal with graceful strokes and sharp ends.
Official Seal of Xuancheng (Gold) ↓
Zhennan general print (Gold) ↓
Ricas Personal Seal (Copper) ↓
Second, official script
The official script writers in the Western Jin Dynasty still used Cao Wei's official script method, which was similar to Han Li's method. For example:
Yang Jun's epitaph is as steady as Cao Quan's writing and waves like Huashan Mountain.
In the Western Jin Dynasty, both Li Fa and Liang Hu participated in it. It is characterized by "doing your best" with a pen. The brushwork of variation in the Western Jin Dynasty became fashionable, and the original brushwork was distorted, which was no longer Han Li's gloomy and free-spirited temperament.
Third, cursive script
The development of cursive script is divided into several stages, including many types, such as Cao Zhang, Cao Jin (grass) and Wild Grass (grass). The cursive script of the Western Jin Dynasty is still Cao Zhang. It has certain writing rules, for example, there is no connection between words, but it has the meaning of Li.
1, Victoria crown's "draft"
Wei Guan is good at cursive writing and is unique. It is called "Draft" to distinguish it from Cao Zhang. It is mostly used for correspondence and belongs to "Wen Xiang Shu". Its characteristics are low left and high right, holding the pen downward, introverted and vertical introduction, "flowing" and "charming", which is changed from Cao Zhang's horizontal pen to "vertical introduction" and represents the development direction of cursive script.
State People's Post ↓
2. Cao Zhang, Suo Jing
Suo Jing's Cao Zhang is highly respected in history, even known as a "miracle". The representative works that can be seen in the world are:
"Yue Yi Tie", the most famous one, is a reference for writing letters and is called "Yi Shu".
The authenticity of this post has always been in doubt.
Ode to the teacher
July post ↓
3, Lu Ji's "Ping Fu Tie" ↓, this post is the only cursive calligraphy ink in the Western Jin Dynasty. His method is simple but not quaint, his composition is pseudo-simple and informal, and his person is not a famous cursive writer.
4. Loulan cursive script
At the beginning of the 20th century, many documents were unearthed at Loulan site in Lop Nur, which recorded various written contents. Although cursive handwriting was not written by famous artists, it was true and reflected the social outlook of calligraphy at that time.
Fourth, running script
The Western Jin Dynasty is an era of popular running script, which has always been used to write history, also known as history books. However, few calligraphers' running scripts have been preserved in the Western Jin Dynasty, and only a few documents have been found in Loulan site.
Loulan Literature "Twenty-four Papers of the First Month" ↓
The characteristics of Loulan Shu Hang can be summarized as follows:
Pen and stroke: horizontal pen does not press the pen, vertical pen is left and right back, vertical hook is not straight, straight and hard;
Radical: finalized earlier, but not changed later, such as Yi, Yun, Yun, etc.
Font and structure: most of them are vertical and the structure is flat.
In the Western Jin Dynasty, there were still many brushstrokes that borrowed from regular script and official script, but they gradually formed their own characteristics, which laid the foundation for the later two kings' calligraphy.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) in regular script
The existing regular script of the Western Jin Dynasty are:
1, Wu Shu of the Three Kingdoms ↓
This manuscript is collected in Ueno, Japan, and its writing method is close to mature regular script, with fine writing, vertical painting and pen-skimming, square head and horizontal painting, and sharp tip and abundant pen. But I still didn't leave my original intention.
2. "Hokkekyo Remnants" ↓
Judging from the remains of calligraphy unearthed in Dunhuang, the scriptures were copied in regular script in the Western Jin Dynasty.
Sixth, calligraphers and calligraphy styles in the Western Jin Dynasty.
Calligraphers in the Western Jin Dynasty were in an awkward historical period. There was Zhong You of Cao Wei before, and then Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Calligraphers in the Western Jin Dynasty are often forgotten. But they still have very typical characteristics.
The most representative are Wei Guan and Suo Jing. Their cursive scripts are of the same origin and different streams, all of which originated from Zhang Zhi, but their styles are different. As the saying goes, "if you get Boying (Zhang Zhi) muscle, you get Boying meat". It is said that Wei Guan's "brushwork" is better than Suo Jing's, while Suo Jing's "brushwork" is good at cursive script.
However, cursive script is characterized by conveying the spirit according to gestures, such as cursive script of later generations.
In the Western Jin Dynasty, because Suo Jing's cursive script was very clear, many people learned it. However, the "vertical quotation" style of Wei Guan's calligraphy represents the development direction of cursive script. The two kings of the Eastern Jin Dynasty inherited this trend. It can be said that Erwang's "Today Grass" is the successor of Wei Guan's "Draft".
Generally speaking, the orthodox calligraphy style of the Western Jin Dynasty is "ancient prose, seal script, official script and cursive script". Although running script and regular script had their origins, they were still auxiliary characters at that time and could not be on an equal footing with other characters.
The relaxation of calligraphy style and the development of calligraphy in the Western Jin Dynasty laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Next: Calligraphy in the Eastern Jin Dynasty