1, Cao Zhang, is a calligraphy style evolved from seal script to official script. It belongs to a link in the process from the embryonic stage to the standardization of cursive script. Zhang Huaiguan in Tang Dynasty called it "the victory of official script", which evolved from the simple writing of official script. It is a cursive script of official script or a combination of official script and cursive script. It can also be said that Cao Zhang is a script with official script.
2. Today's grass is also called "grass", a kind of cursive script, which started at the end of the Han Dynasty and is an innovation of Cao Zhang. According to historical records, this grass was created by Zhang Zhi in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the world called Zhang Zhi "the sage of grass". By Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he had learned from others, especially Seventeen Posts, which was the representative work of cursive scripts in previous dynasties. Wang Xizhi's son, Zhi Yong of Sui Dynasty, Sun, Zhang Xu and Huai Su of Tang Dynasty were all cursive masters. Among them, Zhang Xu and Huai Su are particularly famous for their personalities (commonly known as "getting drunk"), which have a great influence on later generations.
Wild grass is one of the most indulgent cursive scripts. Lian Bi strokes turn round, and the fonts are wild and changeable. On the basis of this grass, it will be written one after another to form a "book", which is in the same strain as this grass in composition.
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The basic method to simplify modern cursive script is to replace the radicals of regular script with simple cursive symbols and substitute them into traditional regular script (although the cursive script appeared no later than regular script). Many regular script radicals can often be replaced by a cursive symbol, and the structure of the characters has also changed for convenience. So unfamiliar people are more difficult to identify. The arrangement of cursive symbols can be found in standard cursive scripts.
In the Tang Dynasty, cursive script has become a kind of calligraphy art, and it has evolved into "wild cursive script", and its function as a tool for transmitting information has weakened, becoming a work of art. It doesn't matter whether people can recognize what they are writing as long as they pay attention to the black and white arrangement of bookshelves and papers. In Weeds, there is a symbol of word association, that is, two words (common phrases) are written into one symbol. At that time, writing was mostly vertical, and even the design of Chinese characters was similar. There are cursive couplets in Tu Tou Ji and Nirvana Ji.
Modern people generally learn cursive script from today's cursive script. The recognized cursive writing method is more than the standard cursive written by Mr. You Ren (with copybook of the same name). However, Li Zhimin, a great calligrapher, pioneer and professor of Peking University, disapproved of Yu Xiansheng's standard cursive script. In his view, the art of calligraphy has its own law of development, which should be colorful, and there is no need to force unity. Reading ancient and modern works is also "the most taboo to favor one good and exclude all beauty." ?
References:
Baidu encyclopedia cursive script