Author: Yuan Hongdao
Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties
Tiger hill can enter the city for seven or eight miles, and its mountain is not high or steep, so it is close to the city alone, so there is no boat in the Drum Tower. Every month at night, in the morning of flowers and in the evening of snow, tourists come and go, and the Mid-Autumn Festival is the best.
Every day the whole city is closed, arm in arm. Dressed men and women go down to the house, all wearing beautiful clothes, heavy seats, and wine rooms. From Qianshi to Shanmen, combs are like scales, sandalwood is piled up, and clouds are pouring. Looking from a distance, such as geese falling on the flat sand, Xiapu River, lightning and thunder, nothing was found.
There were thousands of singers at the beginning of the mat, and if mosquitoes gathered, the sound would be unrecognizable. Cao Cao's deployment is divided, but the use of troops is sound, and both refined and popular tastes are beautiful. After a few days, people who shake their hands and stamp their feet will get dozens of people; The bright moon floats, the stone light is like practice, all the pottery pots are silent, and those who return to peace are only three or four generations; One flute and one inch tube, one person sings slowly, bamboo and meat blend together, and the sound is refreshing, selling the listener's soul. The flute board is not reused if it is more chaotic than the night moon shadow; A lady appeared, four seats held her breath, and her voice resounded through the sky, word for word. After a while, the birds lingered for it, and the brave wept for it.
The spring of the sword is unfathomable, and the flying stone is like cutting. Thousands of acres of clouds have made Tianchi Mountain beautiful, and the mountains and valleys are beautiful and most attractive. But after noon, the sun shines on people, and I can't stand sitting for a long time. Wenchang Pavilion is also good, and the trees in the later period are particularly impressive. The former site of Pingyuan Hall in the north is vast, and only Yushan Mountain is visible. The hall has been abandoned for a long time. So, Yu and Jiang Jin's plan started again. They want to take this boat to Suzhou and have fun. And if you are sick, you will beg for it, and you will be afraid of it. The mountains and rivers are flourishing, and sometimes you believe them!
I collected Wu for two years and climbed Tiger Hill for six years. Finally, he boarded with Jiang and Fang Zigong, and was born on Gongshi in the late moon. When the singers heard the order, they all hid. I said, "What a pity! Too vulgar! One day to be an official, some people don't listen to this stone, such as the bright moon! " Today, I am lucky to be called Wu Ke. Moon in Tiger Hill, I wonder if I still know the story behind it?
Tiger Hill is about seven or eight miles from downtown. There are no peaks and valleys in this mountain, but because it is close to the city, there is not a day when a cruise ship playing music doesn't go there. On moonlit nights, flower mornings and snowy nights, tourists come and go like weaving, and the Mid-Autumn Festival is the most bustling and lively. On this day, the whole city closed its doors and came hand in hand. From gentry, gentry, women and children to the poor, they all painted their faces, wore fresh and beautiful clothes, laid mats one by one, and set wine and vegetables on the roadside. From the thousand stones to the mountain gate, they were densely connected like comb teeth and fish scales. Sandalwood boards are piled up like mountains and poured like clouds. From a distance, they look like a flock of geese perched on a flat beach. Colorful clouds cover the river, and lightning and thunder make it impossible to describe its shape in detail. When the banquet was just set, hundreds of people were singing, and the sound was like mosquitoes gathering together, which was impossible to distinguish. When arranging music in batches, compete with each other to compare sounds; Elegant music and pop music are presented separately, and beauty and ugliness are naturally separated. Soon, only a few dozen people shook their heads and stamped their feet and sang to the beat. After a while, the bright moon rose to the sky and the moonlight shone on the stone like white silk. All the vulgar songs stopped sounding, and only three or four people sang along. A flute, an inch pipe, a person singing slowly on the board, wind music accompanied by human voice, the sound is crisp and crisp, so that the listener is deeply moved. Wait until late at night, the moon is setting in the west, the shadows are scattered, and even the flute board is not needed. When a man came on stage, everyone around him held their breath. The sound is like a thin straight hair, which resounds through the sky, and almost every word is delayed for an instant. Birds fly back and forth, and strong men are moved to tears. The sword spring is unfathomable and the steep rock is like an axe. Qianqingyun is a good place for guests to drink because there are several mountains such as Tianchi, with peaks and valleys. But after noon, the sun is pressing and I can't sit for long. Wenchang Pavilion is also good, and the scenery in the forest is particularly charming at night. Facing north is the former site of Pingyuan Hall, which is empty and clear. Only Yushan Mountain can be seen far away, such as small black spots. This hall has been abandoned for a long time. Jiang and I discussed ways to repair it and wanted to worship Wei, Bai Juyi and others in it, but I soon fell ill. Now that I've resigned, I'm afraid my interest in entering it is gone. The prosperity and desolation of mountains and rivers do have their luck! He worked as an official in Wuxian for two years and climbed the Tiger Hill six times. For the last time, I boarded it with Jiang and Fang Zigong and sat on the original stone waiting for the moon to rise. The singers all hid when they heard that the county magistrate was coming. Therefore, I said to Jin Zhi, "How powerful and rude these officials are! I won't be an official in the future. Those who don't listen to songs on this stone have the moon as evidence! " Now I am fortunate to be dismissed from my official position and live in Wuxian. Do you still remember what I said, Tiger Hill Moon?
Note: ① In the 23rd year of Wanli (1595), the author was a magistrate of Wuxian county, during which he visited Tiger Hill six times. In the twenty-fourth year of Wanli, before being dismissed by Wu, he stayed in Huqiu and wrote this article describing Wuzhong folk customs. Tiger Hill, one of the scenic spots in Suzhou. According to legend, He Lv, the king of Wu, was buried here in the Spring and Autumn Period, and a tiger came here to live for three days, hence the name. 2 house (part pǒu): a house covered with straw mats refers to the black house of the poor. This refers to the poor. 3 clouds: I like clouds. (4) Thunder rolling: the sound of wheels turning, which refers to the thunder roar here. ⑤ Pot: A pot made of clay, which is a metaphor for vulgar singing. ⑥ Bamboo meat: here refers to flute and singing. Meng Jiachuan in the Book of Jin: "Silk is not as good as bamboo, and bamboo is not as good as meat." ⑦ Thousand hectares of clouds: the name of the mountain is on the tiger hill. ⑧ Jiang: Jiang Yingke was born in Taoyuan (now Taoyuan County, Hunan Province). In the twentieth year of Wanli (1592), he was a scholar, an official assistant to Sichuan, and was then a magistrate of Changzhou County. He is the author of Xue Taoting Collection. 9 Wei Suzhou: Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was once the secretariat of Suzhou.
Appreciate:
Pre-set meaning at the beginning of the article
The first sentence of this paper explains that the location of Tiger Hill scenic spot is "seven or eight miles into the city", which is really the text explained by general tourism prose, but it lays a foreshadowing for the following. Although "there are no high rocks and deep valleys in its mountains", it attracts an endless stream of tourists because of its proximity to the city. In this way, the author has determined his own aesthetic center of gravity, not in the springs and gullies of the forest, but in the scenes and pictures of tourists and their swimming in Tiger Hill. "Xiao Gulou boat, there is no day", which is a relatively positive statement with double negative meaning "nothing, coming and going, many mistakes", in which the language used by the author is still general, giving readers an overall impression, while the detailed description is carried out later, leaving aesthetic space.
The look and feel are innovative.
"Mid-Autumn Festival is the best", and the meaning changes with the word "er" and progresses with the word "friend". After several progressive descriptions, the center is determined. It should be pointed out that Tiger Hill is not a real record of a visit at that time, which can be seen from the number of times of Six People Climbing Tiger Hill below. Nor is it a scene record of the Mid-Autumn Festival. From the time point of view, hindsight is obvious; From the perspective of space, it is a comprehensive description of Liu Denghu's impression of autumn. The concrete image in the comprehensive impression is the Mid-Autumn Festival in Tiger Hill. This concept of time and space is innovative in travel prose. "Every day is that day" reveals the aesthetic intention of summing up the characteristics of several Mid-Autumn Festival rather than a Mid-Autumn Festival.
Landscape ink is smooth.
Once in the specific scene description, the author appears smooth and fluent. Pens fly around the Tiger Hill, forming a panoramic view. Start with "the whole city is closed and coming arm in arm", and open the description screen of this panorama. "A man and a woman are well dressed, and when they go to a shack, they are all well dressed and beautifully dressed. When they are tired of eating, they buy wine to pay." Here, "women wear clothes and squat under the house" embodies "all urban households", and the author especially points out that "squatting under the house" includes the lower class citizens. The general public took part in the grand outing, which reflected the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty. Zhang Dai's West Lake in July and a Half has a similar scene description. Different from the classical travel notes of mountains and rivers, and also different from the description of pure natural scenery, it shows more the outing life of the citizen class, or the author describes "well-dressed woman" and "loser" as the same object. The author didn't get a poetic feeling from the natural landscape itself (he obviously thought that "there are no high rocks and deep valleys in its mountains"), but he found a fresh aesthetic feeling in the tourism boom in Tiaowu. This aesthetic feeling reflects the characteristics of aesthetic ideal and aesthetic mood in Ming Dynasty. Dressing up and decorating with beautiful makeup and clothes, sitting on the floor with a heavy load, and buying wine for a tour all have a strong secular atmosphere and less classical color.
Shi Wen qi Chang da
After a brief description, the author suddenly zoomed in on a big shot: "From Qianshi to Shanmen, combs are like scales, sandalwood hills, and clouds are pouring down." Looking from a distance, such as geese falling on the flat sand, the Xiapu River, thunder rolling, lightning and thunder, nothing. "The author takes the prospect as the aesthetic point of view, supplemented by exaggeration in the vertical and horizontal interweaving, forming a gushing literary trend." From 1000 Stones to the Mountain Gate is a generalization of the spatial scope, forming a sense of horizontal openness of the picture, which coincides with the aesthetic visual characteristics of the vision. From ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Tourists who lean together like comb teeth are a description of their density. "Sandalwood board" secretly ticked the following words "spit hundreds"; There is a hidden relationship between "respect" and "pay for wine" above, and the internal pulse is close. The metaphor of mound accumulation and cloud diarrhea is exaggerated, which not only depicts the specific scene of his outing, but also depicts the grand occasion of tourists like clouds, serving the aesthetic focus of this paragraph. Four four-character sentences are used together in order to form a literary momentum in the conjunction.
Metaphor alternates between reality and reality.
At this point in writing, the words "looking from a distance" have returned to the main point of view, with a slightly strong literary spirit, so it is a strange metaphor sentence "Like a goose falling down the Pingsha River, thunder rolling, thunder rumbling", the word "goose" is full of colors, and the sound of "thunder" is full of sound, which is dyed in the picture. The conjunctions of figurative sentences not only form the jet of momentum, but also embody the magnificent colors and noises of the described objects. Metaphor is to determine the connotation of the image, immediately jump into "nothing" as the trap of this paragraph, and the artistic conception is reversed, which is a summary of metaphor from concrete to abstract, aiming to show that all these scenes are not achievable by metaphor. Only by using the vague language of "something for nothing" can we show the beauty of this picture of clouds steaming and Xia Wei walking.
expand on
After the wide and comfortable vertical rendering and bird's-eye shooting of the panorama, the author entered into a detailed artistic description. The uniqueness of this artistic depiction in aesthetic choice lies in the deduction of a word "singing", and the pen and ink tend to be deep and fine from sparse. The auditory image of "singing" can best express the characteristics of the Mid-Autumn outing in Huqiu, which citizens participate in, and also best reflect the author's aesthetic taste. Therefore, the determination of the aesthetic focus of this paper stems from the directional function of the subject's aesthetic consciousness, which makes the description of the Mid-Autumn Festival Tiger Hill scene appear unique in aesthetic choice and play a different style. With the help of the subtle changes of the words expressing the concept of time from "the beginning of the mat" to "a few days", "passed" and "compared", this long description is unique, which drives the image to turn slightly and brings a series of emotional pictures to Ran Ran. And all this, with the pen and ink of "dew", has led to the change of the aesthetic taste of "hidden" subject, and its pen is so delicate. The sound scene described by Nakaro is fluid and changing, that is, from noisy to quiet. "If the sound gathers mosquitoes, it can't be distinguished", the voice struggles, elegance and vulgarity are old, and the noisy voice can't be distinguished. It is a vivid and concrete portrayal of the warm scene of Tiger Hill in Mid-Autumn Festival, but it is not the ultimate aesthetic goal of the author. What he appreciates is "one flute and one inch tube, one person sings slowly, bamboo and meat blend together, and the sound is refreshing." This kind of voice is produced in the quiet and elegant environment of "the bright moon is falling, the stone light is like practice", "the moon shadow is oblique, and the algae are messy". The color and environment appear in the bright and beautiful style and the integrated form, which is the real maintainer of the author's aesthetic taste. He got a sense of beauty from here and determined his unique aesthetic personality. What moved him was not the symphony of bells and drums, but a quiet and bright serenade. Art is the subject's aesthetic view of the object, and the author's aesthetic taste plays a unique leading role in the selection process, which leads to the author's unique aesthetic evaluation: "the listener's soul is betrayed", "the bird wanders for it, and the strong man cries when listening". As the focus of the full-text description, this large paragraph does not win in the sense of lateral space, but makes the artistic conception guide deeper and deeper with the passage of time and clearly displayed. It is worth pondering that the time, the number of people and the aesthetic taste of the subject described in this long voice are closely combined and promoted simultaneously. At the beginning of the mat-hundreds of singers, not many-dozens of people, but-three or four generations, by contrast-one husband. From unrecognizable sounds to subtle sounds, it resounded through the sky. Every time the realm changes, the subject's aesthetic feeling will be deeper, such as drilling wood or digging wells, until the core of aesthetics reveals the most important aesthetic interest, that is, "birds wander for it, and strong men cry." Here, the gradual transformation of time domain brings aesthetic interest into the room. At this point, the description of sound state was filled with emotion, and the author suddenly started to write the natural landscape of Tiger Hill, "the sword spring is unfathomable and the flying stone is like a cut". This flying pen seems to have nothing to do with the above context, and it has a sudden rise. This just reflects the aesthetic proposition of Yuan's "Public Security School". "Express your own spirit, not stick to one pattern" (Yuan Hongdao's Narrative Poems), "Words come from the mouth, words come from the mouth" (Yuan Hongdao's With Zhang Youyu), which is free and easy to follow. Until this paragraph, the full text was written about the subject "I" swimming in Tiger Hill, which is quite different from the traditional writing style of landscape travel notes. However, the characteristics of the temporary boarding of the subject are not on paper, but hidden in the direct image to guide people to appreciate the existence of the indirect image.
The language is straightforward, clean and refreshing.
A thousand acres of clouds make Tianchi Mountain commit crimes. Tianchi Mountain is like several tables of thousands of acres of clouds, which stand out in the contrast of images, reflecting the height of thousands of acres of clouds and the height of the subject's aesthetic angle. "Facing north is the former site of Pingyuan Hall, which is vast and empty, and only Yushan Mountain is in sight", which shows the far view of the subject. This passage directly describes the natural scenery around Tiger Hill and Spring, which seems to be scribbled by the author casually, without any obscure words. Everything looks straightforward, clean and refreshing, and everything contains the aesthetic feeling of the subject, which has also become the practice of Yuan Hongdao's aesthetic proposition of "expressing one's own spirit and not sticking to one pattern" and "expressing emotions and situations in an instant" (Xiao Xushi Xiu). For example, seeing the steep heights of the sea of clouds and the beautiful mountains and valleys gives birth to the "most fascinating" interest; "The afternoon sun shines on people" produces the feeling of "sedentary unbearable"; As for the wish to visit Suzhou and Bai Letian, it failed because of the change of events, and was finally caused by "Xinglan". The aesthetic feeling of the subject has become the end point of all object descriptions, which embodies the basic characteristics of Yuan Hongdao's landscape travel notes. The last paragraph is more sensitive. "I came to Wu for two years and climbed Tiger Hill for six years." Yuan Hongdao served as the magistrate of Wuxian County for two years from the 23rd year of Wanli (1595) to the 25th year of Wanli (1597), and climbed the Tiger Hill six times. It can be seen that he has deep feelings for the aftertaste of Tiger Hill, which also reveals that his writing of Tiger Hill is a conceptual feature of comprehensive generalization and aesthetic choice. The last time was "boarding with Jiang and Fang Zigong, born in Gongshi in the late month". Seeing how beautiful the moon is this time has little to do with the subject's feelings, so I omitted to write it.
Despise official life
Judging from the scene of "many singers avoid it when they hear the order", the author feels that "it is too late, the black veil is horizontal, and the soap is vulgar", which shows his contempt for the official position, which is the same as his contempt for the official position of the flying camp expressed in "Book with Qiu". Seeing the officialdom career, the gap between "singers always hide when they hear the news" deepened Yuan Hongdao's inner anguish. This separation made him unable to appreciate the charming interest of "listening to songs on this stone". This is a sharp contradiction between Yuan Hongdao's aesthetic personality and standpoint. The concrete connotation of this contradiction at that time was the conflict between sensibility and rationality. However, the inner stimulation caused by this contradiction gave birth to the fundamental way to solve the contradiction, that is, "going to the official." Because of this, he made an oath that "one day" and "those who don't listen to music are like the moon", and he was glad that he was "dismissed from office" and asked the question of "the moon on a tiger's hill, I wonder if I still know the rest". Six steps to Tiger Hill, the last stimulus became an important opportunity for Yuan Hongdao to petition for dismissal. Only in this way can we understand the persistence of aesthetic personality characterized by expressing subjective feelings, and understand the reasons for the unrestrained development of aesthetic personality after his resignation, and write "Visiting Six Bridges at night and waiting for the bright moon". The author's intention in writing this article is to describe the scenery of Tiger Hill, focusing on the scene of the cappella game in Tiger Hill on the Mid-Autumn Festival night in August, and to express his feelings of being an official and neglecting leisure.
Conclusion: In short, Hu Qiu's story is based on the author's feelings, and there is a contradiction between aesthetic feelings and the aesthetic field of the environment, which itself has the nature of feelings. There are few landscapes and many travel notes in the whole article, all of which are due to the author's aesthetic feelings; Sometimes ups and downs, sometimes images or changes, all the way to write, there is a faint jump of the author's feelings. If you feel deeply, take notes in ink; Those who feel shallow touch slightly, not subject to the traditional brushwork of natural landscape prose, usually defined by objects, showing aesthetic feeling as the "spiritual" feature of observing everything. The author's outing to secular interests, the cycle of the subject's feelings, the unrestrained brushwork, the aesthetic object, the aesthetic subject and the aesthetic exchange all have the typical aesthetic characteristics of the landscape travel prose in Ming Dynasty.