About the details of Zhuge Liang, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
First, Zhuge Liang's poems
The former model, the latter model and the former model/model.
Second, memorial buildings.
Wuhou Temple and Wuhou Temple in Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 199 1. With the approval of the government, Wuhou District in Chengdu, Sichuan Province was formally established, and its name was taken from Wuhou Temple in its jurisdiction (Zhaolie Temple in Han Dynasty, Zhaolie in posthumous title after Liu Bei's death). Wuhou Temple was named after Zhuge Liang was named Wuxiang Hou before his death. In the early Ming Dynasty, it merged with Zhaolie Temple and became one of the famous historical tourist attractions in Sichuan. Nanyang Wuhou Temple, also known as Zhuge Liang Temple, is located in Wolonggang, Wolong District, Nanyang City, Henan Province. It was built in Wei and Jin Dynasties, so the grave was built on Zhuge Liang's tilling land, Wollongong. It is a large ancestral temple group to commemorate Zhuge Liang, a famous thinker and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. Wuhou Temple is located in Mianxian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, and was founded in 263 AD. It is the earliest Wuhou Temple (about 50 years earlier than Chengdu Wuhou Temple), so it is called "the first Wuhou Temple in the world".
Longzhong Longzhong Scenic Area is located in Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang City, a famous historical and cultural city in China, with a total area of 209 square kilometers and a history of 1700 years. Zhuge Liang, an outstanding politician and strategist in China during the Three Kingdoms period, lived in seclusion here for ten years in his youth. The well-known "Longzhong Dui" and Liu Bei's "three visits to the cottage" both happened here. Longzhong Scenic Area is rich in cultural landscape and beautiful in natural environment. Ten scenic spots in Longzhong were formed in the Ming Dynasty, namely, Caotang Pavilion, Farming Field, Sangutang, Xiaohongqiao, Liujiaojing, Wuhou Temple, Banyuexi, Laolong Cave, Liangfuyan and Baozi Stone. After the founding of New China, Longzhong Academy, Zhuge Caolu, Xiaoyin Villa, Tonggutai and Promenade were built or newly built. Dong, a proletarian revolutionist of the older generation, wrote an inscription for Longzhong before his death: "Zhuge Wei is a great shock throughout the ages, and the scenery in Longzhong is always there." . 1994 was listed as a national key scenic spot, and 1996 was designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Some scholars believe that Zhuge Liang's self-report in Qian Fan Biao refers to Longzhong, Deng County, Nanyang County (now Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang City). The famous history book "Han Shu Jin Shu Chun Qiu" records that "Liang Jia is in Dengxian County, Nanyang, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, and his name is Longzhong." Some scholars disagree with this statement. According to the Records of the Unification of Daming, "Zhuge Liang, a native of Langya, cultivated Nanyang and swam in the middle of Gansu", indicating that Wollongong in Nanyang is Zhuge Liang's cultivated land.
Tomb of Zhuge Liang The tomb of Wuhou, a national key cultural relic protection unit, is located at the foot of Dingjun Mountain in Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province. Every year, people in Mianxian County will visit Dingjun Mountain that day in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In June 2008, Mianxian held the Three Kingdoms Cultural Festival.
Third, invention and creation.
Wooden cattle and flowing horses explain wooden human walking transportation equipment with floating containers. The source is Chen Jinshou's biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Zhuge Liang: "Ming is better at ingenuity, gains and losses, and horses are floating outside, all of which are unexpected." In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there is a record of "wooden oxen flowing horses": suddenly one day, Yang Yi, a long history, came to report: "The grain and rice are all in Jiange, which is inconvenient to carry. What can we do? " Kong Mingxiao said, "I have planned it for a long time. It is very convenient for people to make wooden cattle and horses with building blocks and big wood bought by surprise, and carry grain and rice. Cattle and horses don't eat water and can be transported day and night. " Everyone was surprised and said, "I have never heard of such a thing since ancient times." I wonder if the Prime Minister has any clever ways to make this wonder? " Zhuge Liang said: "I have made it according to law, but I haven't finished it yet." I'm going to be a wooden cow first. The size is Fiona Fang, and the length is wide and narrow. I'll make it clear. You can see that. " Everyone is very happy.
Steamed bread said that Zhuge Liang pacified Meng Huo's army and returned to Korea, but he could not cross the Lushui River. According to custom, 49 heads were sacrificed. The next day, Zhuge Liang made a head with flour and meat instead of a sacrificial head. Since then, there have been many sacrificial offerings, including pigs, cows and sheep, as well as steamed buns. Another table: steamed bread originally refers to replacing the head of the captured barbarian for sacrifice, so it is called steamed bread. Later, in order to avoid taboo, it was changed into steamed bread, and with food, it became today's steamed bread.
Kongming Lantern, also called Sky Lantern, is said to have been invented by Zhu Gekongming (Zhuge Liang) during the Three Kingdoms period. At that time, Zhu Gekongming was besieged by Sima Yi in Yuping, unable to send troops out of the city for help. Kong Ming calculated the wind direction, made a floating paper lantern, tied with the message for help, and then escaped as expected, so later generations called this lantern Kong Ming Lantern. Another way of saying this is that this lantern looks like a hat worn by Zhu Gekongming, hence its name.
Zhuge Liang Liancrossbow Zhuge Liang of Shu made a crossbow, which can shoot ten arrows in a short time. It is very lethal, but its size and weight are too large for individual soldiers to use. Mainly used to defend cities and camps.
Eight arrays are named after heaven, earth, wind, clouds, dragons, tigers, birds and snakes, and China's army is nine arrays. Zhong Jun is composed of sixteen small arrays, and the surrounding eight arrays are each composed of six small arrays, making a total of sixty-four small arrays. In the Eight-Array Diagram, the sky, the earth, the wind and the clouds are the "four positive", while the dragon (blue dragon), tiger (white tiger), bird (suzaku) and snake (_téng snake) are the "four strange". In addition, there are 24 arrays in the rear for maneuvering. According to legend, there are 365 kinds of changes on Sunday. In addition, Zhuge Liang also invented Kongmingsuo, wooden beasts, mines and so on.
Fourth, artistic attainments
Zhuge Liang lived in an era when the art of calligraphy in China was becoming more and more mature. Zhuge Liang loved calligraphy and trained hard when he was young. He can write all kinds of fonts and is good at seal script, eight-part essay and cursive script. Tao Hongjing, a great calligrapher in the Southern Dynasties, recorded in The Record of Swords: "In the first year of Zhangwu in Shu (AD 22 1 year), eight swords made of gold and Niu Shan iron were mined, each three feet and six inches long. It is also the place where Kong Shu Ming works. " . Li Yu's "Gu Ding Lu" records: "Zhuge Liang killed Xinmeile Co., Ltd. and decided to build a tripod and bury it in Hanchuan. Its text says: Ding Dingjun. He also made eight arrays of ding, which sank in Yong 'an water, all of which were big seals. " "In the second year of Zhangwu (AD 222), a tripod was cast in Hanchuan, named Hank's tripod, placed in the third hole, and became an stereotyped writing? The other tripod was cast in Wudan Mountain, Chengdu, and named Zen tripod. Another tripod was cast in Jianshan Pass, named Jianshan tripod. There is also Xiaoyan, which is the trace of Wuhou. " "In the third year of Zhangwu (AD 223), the original intention was two ding, one with the king of Lu, and the text said:' Wealth is suitable for princes. ; First, use Liang Wang, and the article says:' Universiade should be king. There are also ancient official scripts, three feet high, which are all traces of Wuhou. "Zhou Yue's Ancient and Modern Law Bookstore in the Northern Song Dynasty also recorded:" The ancient masters of Shu tasted three Ding, and all of them scored eight points in the seal of Wuhou, which was wonderful. ".Tao Hongjing in the Southern Dynasties was only more than 200 years away from Zhuge Liang, and his knowledge and account should be based on facts. Song Huizong Xuanhe Neifu Xuanhe Pu Shu (volume 13) records that Zhuge Liang is good at painting and likes to write cursive script. Although he is not called by books, he will cherish his relics in the world. " He also said: "Today's cursive script in the palace is" Yuan Yi Tie ". "This shows that by the end of the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D.119-1125), there were still Zhuge Liang's calligraphy works in the palace. According to Chen Si's "Shu lue" in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhuge Liang was "good at his seal script, and there were words like' Xuan Mo Taiji, Yin and Yang mixed' in this post, which was unusual". Zhuge Liang never forgot calligraphy in his busy government affairs and military activities. According to Changde County Records, "Wolong Mo Chi is located in Wolong Temple, 30 miles west of Yuanjiang County. According to legend, Zhuge Wuhou once washed ink in this temple in the Han Dynasty, because of its name. "Zhuge Liang was active in Changde area after Battle of Red Cliffs, and the war was very tense and frequent, but he still did not forget to kill time in the pool.
Painting In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Yanyuan wrote in "Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties": "Zhuge Wuhou and his son are good at painting." Zhang Yanyuan also recorded the collection and sale of paintings at that time in his book On Painting. He said: "Today is divided into three ancient times to determine the nobility and inferiority, and the Han and Wei dynasties are ancient, so Cai Yong, Zhang Heng, Cao Mao, Huan Fan, Xu Miao, Cao Buxing and Zhuge Liang are also." Zhang Yanyuan described the painting prices of some modern painters at that time, such as Yan Liben and Wu Daozi: "A screen is worth 20,000 yuan, and a threshold is worth 15,000 yuan." "A screen is worth ten thousand yuan." He also said that the works of painters in the Han and Wei dynasties (that is, ancient times) were already "treasures of the country" and "treasures of the future" in the Tang Dynasty. Zhang Yanyuan's account shows Zhuge Liang's historical position and artistic achievements in the history of fine arts in China. In the Records of Huayang Country, Chang Jiaqu, a historian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, recorded: "In South China, the custom is to levy witches and ghosts, and to curse the alliance for goodness, so officials often desire it by cursing the alliance. Zhuge Liang made a map for foreigners. First, he drew the Great Wall House of heaven, earth, sun, moon and monarch, and then he drew the dragon, which gave birth to foreigners, cows, horses and camels. After the painting company officer, riding a horse, patrolling the T-shirt. I also painted the image of Yi Morning Glory, bearing the wine and gold, in order to give it to Yi, which is very heavy. " As can be seen from the above records, Zhuge Liang really has an extraordinary talent for painting. His paintings are based on real life (such as the life of ethnic minorities in central and southern China) and have magical and rich imagination (such as dragons), with magnificent composition and vast scenes.
Music Zhuge Liang is proficient in temperament, likes playing the piano and singing, and has a high musical accomplishment. This aspect is described in ancient books. Chen Shou's Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang records: "Xuanzu, Ming and devoted himself to Long Mu, taking songs as his theme." Xi Chishao's Old Records of Xiangyang: "Is there a former residence of Kongming in Xiangyang? The mountain to the west of the house is near the water, and Kong Ming often climbs it. Drums and harps are called "songs of Fu Liang" because this mountain is called Leshan. " Of course, there is the song of Wolong, which is really a swan song. "Zhongxing Bibliography" records: "Qin Jing is a volume, Zhuge Liang wrote the beginning of making a piano and the sound of seven strings, and the thirteen emblems took pictures." Xie's On Qin also recorded: "Zhuge Liang wrote Fu Liangyin." "Geographical Records" records: "There is a stone harp in Wuhou Temple in Dingjun Mountain, which is very clear, and it is said that it was left by Wuhou. "From the above records, it is enough to see that Zhuge Liang has a very comprehensive accomplishment and high artistic achievements in music. He is good at vocal music-he can sing; Also good at instrumental music-good at playing the piano; At the same time, he also composed music and lyrics, and made musical instruments-lyre and Qin Shi. Not only that, he also wrote a monograph on music theory-Qin Jing.