? Who are the "four gifted scholars in Wuzhong" in Ming Dynasty? What are the four masterpieces?

The Four Great Schools, also known as "Wu Men Si", refer to four talented and free-spirited intellectuals who lived in Suzhou at that time. Generally speaking, it refers to Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing. > Tang Bohu > Tang Yin's ancestral home is Jinchang, that is, Jincheng, Shanxi Province after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Therefore, in his calligraphy and painting, the word "Jinchang Tang Yin" is often written. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the Tang family moved south and began to do business in Nanjing and Suzhou. Tang Yin was born in a businessman's family in Wu Chili, Wu County, Suzhou. Father Tang Guangde, mother Qiu. Tang Bohu was gifted since childhood. He was familiar with the Four Books and the Five Classics, and he read historical books extensively. At the age of 16, he won the first place in the scholar's exam, which caused a sensation throughout Suzhou. At the age of 19, she married Xu, the second daughter of Xu Tingrui. When he was in his twenties, his family suffered successive misfortunes, and his parents died one after another. His wife died at the age of 24, and his younger sister passed away one after another. His family declined. Under the advice of his good friend Zhu Zhishan, he devoted himself to studying. In the meantime, he may marry another wife. At the age of 29, he took the public examination in Yingtianfu and won the first prize of "Xieyuan". At the age of 3, he went to Beijing for the examination, but was accused of being an official because of fraud in the examination room, and his wife left. Since then, I have been determined to make progress and make a living by selling paintings. In the ninth year of Zhengde (1514), he went to Nanchang at the invitation of Zhu Chenhao, the king of Ning, for more than half a year. Later, he found out that Ning was up to something, so he pretended to be crazy and got away. After marrying Shen Shi, or nine niang, she lived in poverty in her later years and died at the age of 54. > He is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. His landscapes learned painting with Zhou Chen in his early years, and later he learned from Li Tang and Liu Songnian. He painted mountains and mountains with a small axe, which was majestic and steep, but his brushwork was fine, his layout was sparse, and his style was elegant and handsome. Most of the figure paintings are ladies and historical stories, inheriting the tradition of Tang Dynasty, with clear lines, gorgeous and elegant colors, beautiful posture and accurate modeling; He is also a freehand brushwork figure, and his pen is concise and interesting. His flower-and-bird paintings are freehand, free and easy, and elegant in style. In addition to painting, Tang Yin also works in calligraphy, learning from Zhao Mengfu, and his calligraphy style is fantastic and handsome. There are some paintings handed down from generation to generation, such as Riding an Donkey to Homecoming, Mountain Road to Pine Sound, Ming Ming, Wang Shu Palace Prostitute, Li Duanduan's Residence, Autumn Wind and Fan, and Kucha Cuan. > > Tang Yin is also accomplished in literature. Gong Shi Wen, whose poems have traveled for many years, inscribed paintings and sentimental works, expresses the wild and arrogant state of mind and the feeling of indifference to the world. Slang and slang are used in poems, which are easy to understand and simple in meaning. He wrote The Collection of Six Ruju Laymen, and the Qing Dynasty compiled The Complete Works of Six Ruju Laymen. > Zhu Zhishan > Zhu Zhishan (146-1526), whose name was Xizhe, had six fingers in his left hand because of his birth, so he named himself Zhishan, and the branch refers to life. The world is also called "Zhu Zhishan" and "Zhu Jingzhao". Changzhou (now Wuxian, Jiangsu) people. Zhu Yunming has shown many artistic talents since he was a child. "At the age of five, you can write big characters" and at the age of nine, you can write poetry. In the fifth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1492), he was appointed as the magistrate of Xingning County, Huizhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province. In the first year of Jiajing (1522), the official was sentenced to Yingtianfu (now Nanjing). In the second year of Jiajing (1523), he returned to Li due to illness. Jiajing died in the fifth year (1526) at the age of 67. > His family studies the origin, specializes in calligraphy and is also good at poetry. His books, such as Li, Kai, Xing and Cao, are all skillful, especially in cursive writing. His wild cursive writing is highly praised by the world, and there is a saying that "Tang Bohu's paintings are Zhu Zhishan's words". His poems are rich in materials and his words are quite beautiful; His writing is more exotic and natural and unrestrained. > Handed down from ancient times, such as the model, the cursive poem, the poem of falling flowers, the poem of Luoshen and the poem of Qianhou Chibi are his representative works. He is the author of Huai Xing Tang Ji (3 volumes), Su Cai Xiao Bian, Zhu Zi's knowledge of crimes, Reading Notes, Qian Wen Ji, etc., and has written Xingning County Records. Zhu Zhishan's Six-style Poem Fu Volume, Cursive Du Fu Poem Volume, Nineteen Ancient Poems, Cursive Tang Poem Volume and Cursive Poem Han Volume are also excellent works handed down from ancient times. > Wen Zhiming > Wen Zhiming (147-1559), whose original name was Wall, was named Zheng Ming. At the age of forty-two, I began to use the word line, and the word was more secondary. Because of the predecessor Hengshan, he was named Hengshan Jushi, known as "Wenhengshan" in the world, and was once an official Hanlin, who was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). Born in Chenghua of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty for six years, he died in Jiajing of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty for thirty-eight years at the age of ninety. He is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting. He is a poet of Bai Juyi and Su Shi. He was educated in Wu Kuan, studied books in Li Yingzhen and studied painting in Shen Zhou. > Wu Ai, a family member, began to show his fame with his grandfather, and his father, Wen Lin, was a magistrate in Yongjia, Wenzhou. Since childhood, I have studied classical poetry and loved painting and calligraphy. Wu Kuan, a scholar, and Li Yingzhen, a calligrapher, lived in Shen Zhou. When I was young, I enjoyed my fame, but it was very bumpy on the road of imperial examination. From the age of 26 in Hongzhi Yimao (1495) to the age of 53 in Jiajing Renwu (1522), I failed to be promoted ten times. It was not until the age of 54 that I was recommended by Li Chongsi, a senior minister of the Ministry of Industry, to enter Beijing as a tribute student. After the examination by the official department, I was appointed as a low-paying academician. At this time, his paintings and calligraphy have gained a good reputation, and he asked for a lot of them. As a result, he was envied and excluded by his colleagues in the Hanlin Academy, and his heart was unhappy. In the past four years, he witnessed official corruption and repeatedly begged for return. At the age of 57, he left Beijing, set sail south, returned to Suzhou to settle down, and devoted himself to poetry, painting and calligraphy. No longer seek official advancement, but make a fool of yourself. In his later years, his reputation was outstanding, and he was known as "writing all over the world". People who bought his paintings and calligraphy stepped on the threshold and said that he was "admired by the sea and admired by the mountains." When he was nearly 9 years old, he was still working tirelessly as an epitaph. Before he finished writing, he "put his pen and sat down and died." He is familiar with the art of painting in various subjects, and is good at all kinds of fine and thick methods. His eyesight and pen control ability are excellent. When he was in his 8 s, he was able to write small letters fluently and tirelessly. > Wen Zhiming's attainments in painting and calligraphy are extremely comprehensive, and his poems, essays and paintings are all excellent, so he is called the "Four Masterpieces". > In painting, he is versatile, green, ink and wash, meticulous and freehand. His paintings are good at landscapes, orchids, figures and flowers, especially landscapes. Wen Zhiming studied under Shen Zhou in his early years, and then devoted himself to Zhao Mengfu, Wang Meng and Zhen Wu, forming his own style. The style of painting is thick and thin. The rough brush originated from Shen Zhou and Zhen Wu, and adopted the ancient wood and bamboo stone method in Zhao Mengfu. The brush and ink are vigorous and dripping, with dry brush rubbing and calligraphy flying white, which shows the hierarchy and charm in the rough bamboo slips; Zhao Mengfu and Wang Meng are used in fine brushwork. The scenery is dense, with less space and depth, and the shape is regular, with edges and corners and deformation at times. The brushwork is fine and slightly rough, which is childish in be adept at. The colors are green and heavy, with light crimson between them, and elegance is seen in the freshness. This fine-brush landscape is a true color painting, with decorative, lyrical, childish and family-friendly features, which also lays the basic characteristics of "Wu Pai". > Li Yingzhen, the first teacher of his calligraphy, studied extensively the famous marks of the previous generation, and he had his own attainments in seal, official script, script, line and grass. Especially good at running script and small letters, warm and beautiful, strict statutes and vivid intentions. Although there is no vigorous momentum, it has the charm of calligraphy in Jin and Tang dynasties and has its own certain style. Small letters are euphemistic in strokes and slow in rhythm, which is in harmony with his painting style and is known as "the first in Ming Dynasty". > Wen Zhiming's calligraphy and painting are the best. Books, paintings and calligraphy in the family are extremely rich, true and false. Among the ancient books collected, there are many rare books. There are more than 1 kinds of Song dynasty engravings, including Zhouyi, Zi Zhi Tong Jian, Hong Shi Ji Jian Fang, Chong Xu Zhi De Zhen Jing, Du Gongbu Caotang Poetry Notes and Bai Shi Anthology, with nearly a thousand volumes. There are many books in the library. Today, we know that there are "Yulan Hall", "Xinyi Hall", "Cuizhuzhai", "Meihua Bookstore", "Meixi Jingshe House", "Yupan Mountain House", "Yantiao Hall", "Wuyan Room", "Innocent Hall" and "Huigui Hall" etc. There are also seals for the collection of books, such as Zhuwu, Wuyanshi, Jiangzuo and Stop Cloud. After his death, his sons Wen Peng and Wen Jia were able to preserve their books, paintings and calligraphy. And increase the purchase. > Xu Zhenqing > Xu Zhenqing (1479-1511), a native of Meili Town, Changshu, was known as the "Poetry Crown in Wuzhong" in the Ming Dynasty, and was one of the four gifted scholars in Wuzhong (also known as the Four Great Talents in Jiangnan). He was praised for the quatrain of "every family in Jiangzuo is rich in jade, and the trees and flowers in Yangzhou are blooming in smoke." > Xu Zhenqing is intelligent by nature, but less liberal arts. He said that "there is no book in the house, and everything is accessible". In his early years, he studied literature in Wu Kuan and calligraphy in Li Yingzhen. In terms of literary genre, he joined Li Mengyang, He Jingming, Kang Hai, Wang Jiusi, Bian Gong and Wang Tingxiang to become the "first seven scholars", emphasizing that articles should learn from Qin and Han dynasties, ancient poems should praise Han and Wei dynasties, and nearly patriarchal clan system flourished in the Tang Dynasty. Wang Shizhen's "Yiyuan Yan" quoted a quatrain of "Articles on the left side of the river, flowers on the trees in Yangzhou". Calligraphy is also a must. Wang Shizhen said: "The two kings who are waiting to write a letter in small letters are very skillful, and the young grass master Huai Su, who imitates Su (Shi), Huang (Ting Jian), Mi (Guo) and The Preface to the Book of King Ji, took the gains and losses of the Preface to the Book of King Ji, aged it, and became a family. 」> Xu Zhenqing is the author of Di Gong Ji, Di Gong Wai Ji and Tan Yi Lu, a critical literary work. > Xu Zhenqing was 16 years old and wrote The Collection of New Qian. However, in his early years, he tried again and again. After reading Li Sao, he wrote a collection of sighs. In the 14th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (151), he wrote Jiang Hangji; In the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (153), Wen Zhiming co-edited the New Record of Taihu Lake; In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (155), when the Tatar invaded, the officers and men failed in the war of resistance, and they wrote a long poem "Journey to Yutai". In the same year, Jinshi, because of his ugly appearance, was not allowed to join the Hanlin, and was awarded the deputy of Dali Zuosi. In 151, Ming Zhengde was demoted to Dr. imperial academy. > Xu Zhenqing believed in Taoism in his later period and studied health preservation. Ming Zhengde died in the capital in the sixth year (1511) at the age of 33, the earliest of the four gifted scholars to die and enjoy the shortest life. Xu Zhenqing's other works include Di Gong Ji, Yi Sheng Ye Wen (this book slanders Ming Taizu, which is a false accusation) and Yi Lin. >