A. Created a brand-new writing system B. Formed a fashion of attaching importance to historical inheritance.
C. the patriarchal clan system has been seriously challenged. Great changes have taken place in the functions of bronzes.
Answer: b
Analysis:
The inscriptions, words and sentences mentioned in the stem materials have changed, but the font has not changed. We can rule out a.
Judging from "praising ancestors' achievements", "describing personal achievements" and "hoping future generations to protect", it is correct for Zhou people to attach importance to Zhou people's historical inheritance.
The title "praising the achievements of ancestors" belongs to ancestor worship. Ancestor worship and patriarchal clan system support each other, and C can be excluded.
Most of the functions of Shang and Zhou bronzes belonged to ritual vessels, which were closely related to the ritual and music system at that time. In addition, there are a small number of weapons, tools and household utensils. It gradually broke away from the ritual system of the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and became more and more routine (Li See Xueqin: An Introduction to Bronzes, Beijing: Commercial Press, 20 13, p. 10, p. 54).
25. In Lun Heng, Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "Xiao He entered Qin and tidied up documents (national archives and documents), so those who could control Kyushu in the Han Dynasty had the right of documents." It is intended to show that the Western Han Dynasty successfully ruled the whole country because of the early Han Dynasty.
A. implemented the policy of advocating Confucianism B. inherited the basic system of the Qin dynasty
C. Failure to give full play to the function of literature D. Officials are familiar with the laws and regulations of the Qin Dynasty
Answer: b
Analysis:
In the early Han Dynasty, "Han inherited Qin system" politically, "Han inherited Chu Xu" ideologically and culturally, and respected the skills of Huang Lao. Mr. Xiong Tieji thought that it was better to summarize it with "the new Taoism in Qin and Han Dynasties" than "the learning of Huang Lao" (Xiong Tieji: the new Taoism in Qin and Han Dynasties and the learning of Huang Lao, Guangming Daily, 2065438+May 16).
According to Bu Xianqun's "Official Documents and Bureaucratic Administration in Qin and Han Dynasties" (Historical Research No.4, 1997), official documents are an extremely important means of bureaucratic administration. There are four types of official documents in Qin and Han dynasties, namely, official documents used by emperors, official documents written by bureaucrats, official documents circulation, official documents evaluation and official documents management. When Xiao He entered the customs, he abandoned the palace property and took the documents alone, because he thought that these documents had unique value, including "Qin Qing"-a lot of data about the legal system, tax system, administrative management system, money, grain and population of the Qin Dynasty, which was an important basis and reference for the rulers in the early Han Dynasty to govern the country. The title says that "Hanergy controls Kyushu" is "the power of (Qin) documents", and B is right.
The stem material says "the power of documents", and C can be excluded.
The title of "the power of documents" means that the Han Dynasty successfully ruled the whole country with the help of Qin documents. With the help of Qin literature, some decision makers and leaders in the ruling group in the early Han Dynasty have no necessary connection with whether ordinary officials are familiar with the laws and regulations of the Qin Dynasty, and D can be excluded.
The answer is controversial:
The author's analysis of item B above is extremely reluctant, and there is no correct answer to this question.
The stem material is from Wang Chong's Lun Heng Bietong. Wang Chong's original intention was to emphasize "the role of Qin documents" and "the Han Dynasty can control Kyushu, so can the documents", which translates as "the Han Dynasty can control the whole country because of the role of these documents", rather than "inheriting the basic system of Qin" imposed on Wang Chong by the author. The author has two reasons.
First, the original text of this passage can be found in Lun Heng Bietong:
"The rich man's house has ten feet of land. Everything inside, lying in the coffin, is covered with silk and cotton. The poor family is also ten feet. It's empty inside, just standing on four walls, hence the name poverty. Rich or rich, poor or poor. They are all seven feet in shape, and there are hundreds of words in people's chests. If you can't get through, you won't have an empty stomach. Among the poor, there are only four walls. If you want to be rich and poor, you will not be like each other. The world's greed for wealth is ashamed of poverty, neither cheap nor virtuous, nor pushing others. Rich people can be admired, but if he has more goods and wealth, he will be spared, so he is admired. Rich people are not as good as Confucian scholars, and Confucian scholars are not as good as ordinary people. Every man has accumulated more than ten years of writing, and the words of saints and sages, from the Yellow Emperor to the Qin and Han Dynasties, are all preparing for the art of governing the country and keeping the country safe, and scoff at vulgar words. It is glorious to let people know and see, not just about cloth and silk. Xiao He went to Qin to sort out documents, so Hanergy controlled Kyushu, and the power of documents was also great. Governing the world with documents, the wealth of the world, the wealth of your family? "
This article is entitled "Don't connect", aiming at how to identify "connected people". The so-called "expert" means "having a hundred crosses in your chest", that is, "accumulating more than a dozen books" (accumulating more than a dozen boxes of books). Wang Chong used national documents to simulate the wealth of the rich. Experts have more than a dozen books, thinking that the skills of governing the country and fooling the world are among them, so the Han Dynasty founded the country with documents. Wang Chong is actually emphasizing the importance of knowledge, books and documents.
So, what contents in Qin literature helped the Han Dynasty control the whole country the most? We can't read the original text. Wang Chong only emphasized the importance of Xiao He's collation of Qin documents for the Western Han Dynasty to control and unify the whole country.
Second, a passage in On Balance and Effectiveness.
"Han Xin to chu into the han, dare not Ann, high-impedance can hold it. If you can use your goodness to protect yourself, you can use your strength to do other things. Fan and Li have the right to attack the city and fight in the field, and Gao Zuxing sealed it. Before Xiao He, he was better than Xiao He in hunting, and he was as famous as Fan and Li in hunting. Xiao He sat down, Fan He left, but the person who sat down first could not be blocked. Xiao He takes knowledge as strength, and Fan and Li take strength as work. Xiao He can make Fan and Li tend to be consistent in Qin Dynasty literature. People can pick up money, so why not write it alone, and sit and know the territory of Qin, so as to figure out the interests. He Chi is also the one to go. "
The general meaning of this passage is:
Han Xin left Chu for Han because Xiang Yu could not reuse him, but Liu Bang could master and use him. If we can make use of his strengths and arrange his position, we can measure his ability and identify his achievements. Fan Kuai and Li Shang have made great achievements in attacking cities and towns on the field. Emperor Gaozu rewarded Xiao He with merits, compared Xiao He to a hunter, and compared Fan Kuai and Li Shang to hounds. Xiao He sat quietly, while Fan Kuai and Li Shang were fighting in the Mercedes-Benz battlefield, and were not awarded the first prize in the Mercedes-Benz battlefield. Xiao He relied on his own wisdom, while Fan Kuai and Li Shangyin relied on force. Xiao He was able to send Fan Kuai and Li Shang because he collected war-related official documents and maps when he entered Qin Dou. At that time, the generals were searching for gold and silver, while Xiao He just searched for documents and sat in his room to understand the situation of Qin, so he could grasp its interests. The generals drove the soldiers, and Xiao He commanded them.
In this passage, Wang Chong actually expounded the view that "the Han Dynasty could control Kyushu, and the power of documents was there"-"He only knew Qin Qing to benefit from it", and Xiao He learned about Qin Qing according to the collected documents of Qin Dynasty, thus successfully unifying and controlling the whole country, which was not what the proposer said at all.
26. Emperor Taizong disdained the trend of imitating Xiao Ziyun's calligraphy in the last years of the Southern Dynasties, thinking that it was "only books are not husband-like" and only Wang Xizhi's calligraphy was "perfect", so even the model of children's calligraphy in the Western Zhou Dynasty (now Turpan) was Wang Xizhi's calligraphy post. Wang Xizhi's position in the history of calligraphy in China was established because.
A. The emperor's likes and dislikes determine the social criticism of art. B. Wang Xizhi's artistic achievements cannot be surpassed.
C. the interaction between artistic level and the choice of the times D. the change of dynasties affects the artistic evaluation criteria.
Answer: c
Analysis:
This problem has three characteristics. First, the basis for asking questions is not limited to the dry materials, and there are no "this", "its" and "this" in other multiple-choice questions. This is a new practice and should be paid attention to. Second, the content of the problem-"the reason", does not emphasize the main reason and the root cause; Third, it belongs to the best multiple-choice question, or "multiple-choice question", that is, one answer is the best, and the rest of the answers also have some truth. So the correct answer is C, which involves internal and external factors. It is comprehensive and accords with historical facts and problems. The other three items have their own reasons, but they are all one-sided. Item B is generally included in item C's "artistic level", while items A and D are generally included in item C's "choice of times". In other words, item C covers the meanings of the other three items.
27. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, some people described the changes in rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River. It is said that a hundred years ago, employees "went in and out wearing stars, and vulgar obedience was your father's master." Now "arrogance and laziness are the norm, and they can't be persuaded without drinking or eating." "Snacks must be added in summer and porridge must be added in winter." This change reflects
A. the development of urban economy and handicraft industry B. the government actively promotes the policy of attaching importance to agriculture
C. increasingly acute social contradictions D. strengthening personal attachment in agriculture
A: A.
Analysis:
The stem material comes from Shen Shi Agricultural Book (quoted from xie guozhen: Selected Social and Economic Historical Materials of Ming Dynasty, Fujian People's Publishing House, 1980, p.11page), which refers to the employees in the rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, that is, tenant farmers, who changed from diligent obedience to laziness. Theoretically speaking, the reasons for this phenomenon can be roughly speculated as follows: first, tenants have greater choice, can move freely and choose the object of renting, that is, tenants do not have to rent the land of the original landlord, but can choose the object of renting in a wider range, thus relaxing the dependence of tenants on landlords, making it more urgent for landlords to need tenants than tenants to need landlords; Secondly, the number of rural labor force has decreased. Farmers who have lost their land can become tenant farmers in their own villages or other villages. They can also leave agricultural production and engage in handicrafts and commerce in cities and towns, resulting in a "labor shortage" in agricultural production, and so on.
In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the development of towns' economy and handicrafts in the south of the Yangtze River would attract a large number of people from the surrounding rural areas for employment, resulting in a large decline in agricultural production population and a "labor shortage" in rural areas. A is correct.
The government's active implementation of the policy of attaching importance to agriculture will generally increase the enthusiasm of landlords for investing in agriculture, and will also increase the enthusiasm of farmers and tenants for agricultural production, and agricultural labor will generally not be lost in large quantities. If there is enough agricultural labor force in the countryside, the phenomenon mentioned in the dry material will generally not appear, and B can be excluded.
Stem material is about rural practitioners's laziness and arrogance, which hides the contradiction between supply and demand of rural labor force and the contradiction between labor and capital in rural areas. These contradictions are of course social contradictions, but judging from the dry materials, they are not as intense and sharp as C can exclude.
The influence on "master your father" reflects that farmers' personal dependence on landlords has weakened, and D can be ruled out.