As the saying goes: "It is difficult to produce bright, fragrant, cold-resistant and proud snowflakes in the greenhouse. Only after suffering and tempering can people hope to succeed." Comrade Hua is a famous mathematician in China, and his rough experience has benefited him a lot. 1924 Jintan middle school graduated from junior high school, but due to poor family circumstances, he had to drop out of school after finishing junior high school and became a shop assistant. /kloc-suffered from typhoid fever at the age of 0/8, resulting in disability of his right leg. 1930, taught in Tsinghua University. 1936 Visiting study at Cambridge University, UK. 1938 became a professor in The National SouthWest Associated University after returning to China. From 65438 to 0946, he went to the United States and served as a researcher at Princeton Institute of Mathematics, a professor at Princeton University and the University of Illinois, and returned to China from 65438 to 0950. He has served as Professor Tsinghua University, director and honorary director of Institute of Mathematics and Institute of Applied Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, chairman and honorary chairman of Chinese Mathematical Society, director of National Mathematical Competition Committee, foreign academician of American National Academy of Sciences, academician of Third World Academy of Sciences, academician of Bavarian Academy of Sciences of the Federal Republic of Germany, deputy director, vice president and presidium member of physics department, mathematics and chemistry of China Academy of Sciences, director and vice president of mathematics department of China University of Science and Technology, vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, and member of the State Council Academic Degree Committee. He was a member of the first to sixth the NPC Standing Committee and vice-chairman of the sixth China People's Political Consultative Conference. He was awarded an honorary doctorate by Nancy University in France, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Illinois in the United States. Mainly engaged in the research and teaching of analytic number theory, matrix geometry, typical groups, automorphic function theory, multiple complex variable function theory, partial differential equations, high-dimensional numerical integration and other fields, and has made outstanding achievements. In the 1940s, the historical problem of Gaussian complete trigonometric sum estimation was solved, and the best error order estimation was obtained (this result is widely used in number theory). The results of G.H. Hardy and J.E. Littlewood on the Welling problem and E. Wright on the Tully problem have been greatly improved and are still the best records.
Since 1960s, he has applied mathematical methods to practice, screened out optimization methods and overall planning methods aiming at improving work efficiency, and achieved remarkable economic benefits.
Comrade Hua is a contemporary self-taught master of science and a world-famous mathematician. He is the founder and pioneer of China's research on analytic number theory, canonical group, matrix geometry, automorphic function theory and multiple complex variable function theory. It laid the foundation for matrix geometry in the future.
[Edit this paragraph] China-professional contribution
The overall planning method and optimization method in Pinghua, with easy-to-understand language and vivid methods, make women and children understand and master the application, and achieve the effect of increasing production, improving quality and reducing consumption. Hua is known as "the people's mathematician". During this period, he also cooperated with Professor Wang Yuan to carry out the application research of modern number theory method in approximate analysis, and the obtained result was called "Hua Wang Fa". Two popular science books, Optimization Method Platform and its Supplement, and Master Planning Method are easy to understand and its Supplement, have been written in easy-to-understand language, which have been well received by the majority of workers in China.
He brilliantly summed up the experience of popularizing mathematical methods for many years, and put forward and solved the purpose, content and method of popularizing mathematical methods. That is, what he called the "three principles", that is, who is (1)? (2) What technology? (3) How to promote it?
[Edit this paragraph] Hua-personal honor
Professor Hua's research work in the field of mathematics is extensive and pioneering, with over 150 papers and 10 books published. 1985, Shanghai Education Publishing House published Selected Works of Huake Puwen, and held a grand book presentation ceremony in Beijing Science Hall.
[Edit this paragraph] A brief summary of the past
■ Early learning stage
19101012 was born in a small businessman's family in Jintan county, Jiangsu province, with a height of1.65m. My father Hua Ruidong runs a small grocery store, and my mother is a virtuous housewife. Hua was born when his father was 40. At the age of 40, the couple regarded their son as the apple of their eye. In order to bless their son, they buckled two baskets for him when he was born. Therefore, Hua got its name. After graduating from Renmai Primary School at the age of 12, he entered Jintan County Junior High School and fell in love with mathematics. One day, the teacher worked out a math problem of "I don't know the number of things". The teacher said that this is a famous math problem in Sun Tzu's Art of War: "Today, there are things I don't know the number of. Three or three numbers leave two, five or five numbers leave three, and seven or seven numbers leave two. What is the geometry of things? " "23!" As soon as the teacher spoke, Hua blurted out his answer. At that time, Hua had not learned Sun Tzu's calculation. He thought in the following wonderful way: "three-three numbers leave two, seven-seven numbers leave two, and the remainder is two." This number may be 3×7+2=23, and 5 divided by exactly 3, so 23 is the number you want. " Hua denied that he was a genius. 1925 after graduating from junior high school, he was unable to enter senior high school because of his poor family, so he had to study accounting in the Chinese vocational school founded by Huang Yanpei in Shanghai, in order to find a job similar to accounting to support his family. In less than a year, due to the high cost of living, I was forced to drop out of school and go back to Jintan to help my father manage the grocery store. In the monotonous life of standing at the counter, he began to teach himself mathematics. When he returned to his hometown, he continued to study mathematics while working for his father in a grocery store with only a small facade. Recalling the time when he studied hard, his sister Hua Lianqing said, "Although it was winter, Luo Geng was still reading his math book at the checkout counter. Snuff running down, he wiped his nose with his left hand and threw it aside. He didn't get rid of it, so he stretched out his right hand and kept writing ... "
At that time, Luo Geng stood in front of the counter. When the customer came, he helped his father do business, do abacus and keep accounts. As soon as the customer left, he buried himself in reading and solving math problems. Sometimes I am in a daze, forget to receive the customer, and even take the calculation result as the payment payable by the customer, which surprises the customer. Because similar inexplicable things often happen, after a long time, his neighbors treat him as a joke, and everyone has nicknamed him "Luo Daku". Whenever something happens that neglects customers, my father is angry and anxious, saying that he is too tired to read the "heavenly book" and wants to burn the book forcibly. When there is an argument, Hua always clings to the book.
Later, recalling this life, he said bitterly: "It was a year when I should receive education, but the word' poor' deprived me of my dream: wiping my nose, a pair of straw sandals and a cigarette, a roll of rush grass and a needle in the northwest tuyere, struggling to survive." Stubborn self-study to 18 years old. /kloc-married Wu Xiaozhi in the autumn of 0/927. From 65438 to 0929, Hua was employed as a clerk in Jintan Middle School and began to publish papers in Shanghai Science and other magazines. 1929 In the winter, he suffered from severe typhoid fever. After nearly half a year's treatment, he recovered, but his left leg joint was seriously damaged, leaving him with a lifelong disability. He had to walk on crutches.
In fact, when Hua was in junior high school, his homework was not good once, and sometimes he failed in math. Hua's math teacher, a famous educator and translator in China (1900 was born in Jintan), was teaching in Jintan Middle School at that time. He found Hua playful, but quick-thinking, and his math exercises were often changed, and his method of solving problems was very unique and original. On one occasion, the teacher of Jintan Middle School lamented that there were many "poor students" and no "talents" in the school. Wang Weike said, "Not necessarily. In my opinion, China is one! " "Hua Luogeng?" A teacher smiled and said, "Look at him, this word is like a crab crawling. Can he become a' talent'? " Wang Weike said with some excitement, "Of course, he has little hope of becoming a great calligrapher, but how can you see his talent in mathematics from between his lines?" You know, gold is buried in sand and looks no different from sand. What we need most as teachers' eyes is the ability to find gold in the sand, otherwise we will bury talents! "
When Hua started his career as a mathematician, he had only one book, algebra, a collection and a calculus with missing pages. Where there is a will, there is a way. He finally wrote that famous paper at the age of 19.
1in the spring of 930, his paper "Why can't the solution of Su Jiaju's algebraic quintic equation be established" was published in Shanghai Science Journal. Professor Xiong Qinglai, then head of the Department of Mathematics at Tsinghua University, attached great importance to this article. He asked the people around him, "Who is this Hua?" But no one has heard of Hua. Later, a teacher named Tang Peijing in Tsinghua introduced the life experience of his hometown Hua to Xiong Qinglai. "This young man is really not simple! He should be invited to Tsinghua. " Xiong Qing was very appreciative after listening to it. This year, Hua Cai 19 years old, but he has already gone through a rather bumpy life path.
Hua works and studies in Tsinghua University. It took him two years to complete the road that ordinary people need eight years to complete. 1933 was promoted to teaching assistant, 1935 became a lecturer. 1936 was recommended by Tsinghua University and sent to Cambridge University in England. During his two years in Cambridge, he devoted all his energy to the study of mathematical theoretical problems and was unwilling to waste time applying for a degree. His research results have attracted the attention of the international mathematics community. 1938 returned to China and was employed by Professor The National SouthWest Associated University. From 1939 to 194 1, under extremely difficult conditions, he wrote more than 20 papers and completed his first mathematical monograph, the theory of prime numbers on overlapping bases. Under the influence of Mr. Wen Yiduo, he also actively participated in the anti-Japanese democratic and patriotic movement that was in full swing at that time. The prime number theory on pile foundation later became a classic in mathematics. 1947 was published in Russian in the Soviet Union, and has been translated and published in German, English, Hungarian and Chinese in various countries.
1946 was invited to visit the Soviet union from February to May. 1946, the then national government also wanted to build an atomic bomb, so it sent three famous scientists, Hua, Zeng Zhaolun, to visit the United States. In September, Hua, Zhu Guangya and others left Shanghai for the United States. They first served as visiting professors at Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, and later were hired as tenured professors by the University of Illinois.
■ The period of returning to China for construction
1949 after the founding of new China, China was extremely excited, overcame all kinds of difficulties brought by the American government, and decided to return home with her family. The five of them left the United States by boat and arrived in Hong Kong on February 1950. In Hongkong, he published an open letter to students studying in the United States, full of patriotic passion, encouraging them to return to China to serve the new China. On March 1 1, Xinhua News Agency broadcast this letter. On March 1950, Hua, his wife and children arrived in Beijing by train.
Hua returned to Tsinghua campus and served as the head of the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University. Then, at the invitation of Guo Moruo, President of China Academy of Sciences, he started to build a mathematical research institute. 1952 In July, the Institute of Mathematics was established with him as its director. He devoted himself to training mathematical talents for New China, and Wang Yuan, Lu Qikeng, Gong Sheng, Chen Jingrun and Wan Zhexian all became famous mathematicians under his training.
In just a few years after returning to China, his research in the field of mathematics has been fruitful. His paper "On Functions of Multiple Complex Variables in Typical Fields" won the first prize of national invention in June 1957, and has been published in Chinese, Russian and English versions. 1957 published Introduction to Number Theory; 1959, Leipzig first published the estimation of exponential sum and its application in number theory in German, and then successively published Russian and Chinese versions. 1963 co-authored the book Typical Groups with student Wan Zhexian. In order to cultivate teenagers' enthusiasm for learning mathematics, he initiated and organized a mathematics competition for middle school students in Beijing. He personally participated in the problem setting, invigilation and marking, and repeatedly went to other places to publicize this activity. He also wrote a series of popular math books, which had a great influence on teenagers. He advocated cultivating academic atmosphere and conducting academic discussions in scientific research. He initiated the establishment of China Institute of Computer Technology, and was also one of the earliest scientists in China who advocated the development of electronic computers.
China participated in various social activities in New China with a high degree of patriotic enthusiasm. 1953, he participated in a delegation of China scientists visiting the Soviet union. As a representative of China mathematicians, he attended the first World Congress of Mathematicians after World War II in Hungary. He also participated in the Asia-Pacific Peace Conference and the World Peace Council. From 65438 to 0958, together with Guo Moruo, he led the China delegation to attend the conference on "Coordination of Science, Technology and Engineering Issues" held in New Delhi.
1958, Hua was appointed vice-president of China University of Science and Technology and head of the Department of Applied Mathematics. While continuing to study mathematical theory, he tried to find a way to combine mathematics with industrial and agricultural practice. After a period of practice, he found that the overall planning method and optimization method in mathematics can be widely used in industrial and agricultural production, which can improve work efficiency and change the face of work management. Therefore, while giving lectures at the University of Science and Technology, he led students to promote the optimization method and overall planning method in industrial and agricultural practice. At the beginning of 1964, he wrote to Chairman Mao, expressing his determination to take the road of combining workers and peasants. On March 18 of the same year, Chairman Mao wrote back in person: "Poems and letters have been read. Top gun, congratulations. " He wrote "Brief Introduction and Supplement to the Master Planning Law" and "Brief Introduction and Supplement to the Optimal Selection Law", and personally led the teachers and students of China University of Science and Technology to some enterprises and factories to promote and apply the "double methods" to serve industrial and agricultural production. "Go to Jianghan to fight the heat in summer and go to Songliao first frost in winter." This is a portrayal of his life at that time. Chairman Mao wrote to him again on 1965, congratulating and encouraging him to "work hard and serve the people instead of individuals".
During 1975, when he was promoting "double therapy" in Daxinganling, he suffered the first myocardial infarction because of overwork. After the downfall of the Gang of Four, he was appointed vice president of China Academy of Sciences. His research achievements for many years, such as Starting from the Unit Circle, Application of Number Theory in Approximate Analysis (in cooperation with Wang Yuan) and Optimality Theory, have also been published. 1979 In May, after being isolated from the outside world for more than 10 years, he visited Western Europe for seven months, and with the desire of "playing chess, teaching others how to do things", he introduced his mathematics research results to his international counterparts.
■ Old age, everyone's period
1982 1 1 month, his second myocardial infarction.
1983 5438+00 June, at the invitation of California Institute of Technology, went to the United States for a one-year lecture. During his stay in the United States, he attended the inaugural meeting of the Third World Academy of Sciences held in Park Jung-soo, Italy, and was elected as an academician. 1in April, 984, he attended the ceremony of awarding him a foreign academician by the American Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C., and he was the first China person to receive this honor. 1985 was elected as the vice chairman of the CPPCC at the Third Session of the Sixth CPPCC in April.
Hua has done a lot of social work. He is a member of the first to sixth the NPC Standing Committee; /kloc-0 joined NLD in September, 1952, and/kloc-0 was elected as the vice chairman of NLD Central Committee in September, 1979. 1958 requested to join the China * * * production party, and 1979 was approved to join the China * * * production party in June. In response to Comrade Deng's encouragement, he said: "The horizontal knife does not care about hoary heads, but leaps to young adults and lives up to the name of party member."
June 3 1985 Visited Japan at the invitation of Japan Asian Cultural Exchange Association. On June 12, at 4 pm, he gave a speech to the Japanese mathematics community in the lecture hall of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of the University of Tokyo. The topic is "Pure Mathematics and Its Application". At 5 pm, the speech ended. At the moment he received the flowers, his body suddenly leaned back and fell on the rostrum. At 65: 438+00: 09 pm, he was declared dead of acute myocardial infarction.