1, shoulder to shoulder. On the Training of Huai Nan Zi Pan Zi: "Traveling thousands of miles for wandering, shouldering diligence. It is a wheel, building a jade, riding a horse, serving a cow, and the people are far away without effort. " "Hanshu Food Record": "At that time, it was connected with the Southwest Yi Road, with tens of thousands of authors and a burden of thousands of miles." Article 1 of Guo Moruo's My Childhood: "Every Tuesday, Thursday, July and October, villagers carry their own goods and sell them in the street."
2. A humble title for the job you are responsible for. "Twenty-two years of Zuo Zhuan and Zhuang Gong": "Qi Huangong appointed Zhong Jing as your minister, saying,' I have embarked on a journey, but fortunately I will gain something. Speaking of leniency, forgive them for not being idle in teaching and avoid guilty conscience. Relaxing with a burden will do you good. I've gained so much, dare to insult the high position and slander the official? "Song Sima Guang" Xu Zhou Xie Shang Biao is Wen Xianggong ":"Avoid and don't, although it is heavy; Against the sky, I am deeply attached. " A close look at the poem "Shoulder Yu" says: "Rites can help the sick, so I'll take the burden off now."
3, refers to the material and mental pressure and responsibility. The first act of Cao Yu's Peking Man: "One more is one more burden. Zeng Ting didn't even graduate from middle school."
4. bears; Bear. Chen Shaobai's "Revolutionary History of Xingzhonghui" III: "I think our revolutionary party is ready to undertake major events in China." Ding Ling's suicide diary: "The suffering I have suffered is really too heavy."
2. The emotional cuckoo carried by cuckoo in ancient Chinese (commonly known as cuckoo, also known as Zigui)-a symbol of desolation and sadness.
In ancient mythology, Du Yu, the king of Shu, was forced to give way to courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul became a cuckoo. Zi Gui cried and moved sadly, which sounded as if to say, "Let's go home!" " Therefore, the cuckoo in ancient poetry has become a symbol of desolation and sadness. Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiaoyao to send this letter": "The young flowers have all fallen, and I heard that the dragon crossed the five streams. I am worried about the bright moon, and the wind has reached the west. " Cuckoo is a cuckoo. What I saw from the beginning was a scene, a sadness of parting in the bleak natural scenery. For example:
"I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, each with a youthful interval.
Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring. "
-Li Shangyin's "Jinse"
What can you hear here in the morning and evening? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing.
-Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip
3. What are the classical Chinese?
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1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It explains two meanings: first, it points out that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
So does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced and its writing function will be doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
Reading classical Chinese is a very clear way of thinking, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, it is very solemn.
Translation formula of ancient Chinese
Classical Chinese translation has its own order, so you can read the whole article first and grasp the main idea.
Understand the theme first, collect information, from paragraphs to sentences, from clauses to words,
Understand all, be clear, and be careful when dealing with difficult sentences.
Take care of the previous paragraph, connect with the next sentence, think carefully and try to figure out the tone.
Strive to be reasonable, reasonable and closely related.
If omitted, fill in the original intention and put brackets to indicate the gain.
Names and place names, without translation, names, as usual,
I and Yu are mine, and Er and You are yours. Omitting inversion is regular.
Content words and function words, with the interpretation of the text, sensitize the sense of language, and vary from sentence to sentence.
After translation, you must carefully compare the sentences and understand the tone.
The sentence was fluent, and then I stopped writing.