1. Is classical Chinese poetry?
The difference between "ancient poetry" and "classical Chinese" is as follows:
Ancient poetry belongs to the category of classical Chinese, and the themes of classical Chinese are many A variety of
For example: poetry, lyrics, music, and fu. Ancient poetry is a genre of classical Chinese
"Classical Chinese" is relative to "vernacular Chinese"
What is "classical Chinese":
"Wen" means written articles
"Yan" means writing and expression. , records, etc.
"Classical language" refers to written language. "Classical language" is relative to "spoken language", and "spoken language" is also called "vernacular".
The last "wen" means works, articles, etc., which means the type of literature.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language" and "vernacular" means. That is: "Articles written in commonly used straightforward spoken language"
In ancient my country, there were different ways to express the same thing in spoken language and written language. For example, I want to ask. Whether someone has eaten or not is expressed in spoken language, "Have you eaten?" ", and to express it in books and language, it is "Fan? ". "Fan Fou" refers to classical Chinese. In ancient my country, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese" 2. How to distinguish classical Chinese, poetry, and poetry
(1) Classical Chinese is wonderful.
There is no doubt that classical Chinese constitutes the main body of Chinese traditional culture.
This shows that China’s modern civilization history is still the same. In a short time, it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret traditional culture because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer. Then there is the language, which is purely text. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and oracle bone inscriptions are also knowledge, so why not learn oracle bone inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because oracle bone inscriptions are more primitive characters, so classical Chinese is a further step to learn traditional advanced texts such as oracle bone inscriptions. The basis of (learning).
(3) Classical Chinese is also a skill. Chinese expressions, descriptions, combinations, transformations, metaphors, comparisons, deductions... fully carry the essence of Chinese civilization in the expression of ideas. Style.
Master the physical structure of classical Chinese, have a deeper understanding of modern Chinese, and have a "law" to follow in the construction of new Chinese. (4) "Classical Chinese" is the opposite of "vernacular Chinese". p>
The structure of this word is like this: classical Chinese - Wen. The first "wen" means "writing", and "yan" means language.
"Classical Chinese" means "literary". "Language". It illustrates two meanings: first, it indicates that the classical Chinese text is a kind of language; second, this language was later literalized.
The "literalized" language also has two meanings Meaning: First, there can be a culture with language but no writing. For example, most ethnic minorities only have language but no writing. Second, the language function withdraws from life and becomes history in the form of writing. The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: being used. A literary style of language.
The latter “wen” refers to literary style. (5) In addition to archaeological research, does classical Chinese have any “future”? Is there any application value in life?
When traditional forms of life fade away in modern society, it is just that people ignore the social life in some marginal areas, which causes the modern application of classical Chinese. Doubt or ignore. For example, in religious construction, some inscriptions are still written in classical Chinese and engraved using tools. (6) The term "classical Chinese" is also used in most cases. It can also include the cultural and historical relationship between language and writing.
In a certain form, once a certain language - including dialect - is "cultured" and "written", That is to say, in writing, the charm of language is suddenly reduced, but the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and is closely related to life. Language has not yet entered a cultural state. It is a preservation of life experience and does not have the extended performance of writing.
(7) In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did people in ancient times also say this? I think this can be "feeled" by the difference in expression between written language and spoken language in the present tense. There is no big difference in structure and rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech was just more casual and popular than classical Chinese. The "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference.
As for when we read classical Chinese today, of course it does not mean that we are repeating what the ancients said, but that we are reciting or silently reading a literary style. (8) When reading classical Chinese, you feel a very clear line of thought, just like occasionally reading the works of Western philosophers, which has the solemnity it deserves.
〈Instructions for translation of ancient texts〉 When translating ancient texts, follow your own order, read the entire text at first glance, and grasp the main idea; clarify the topic first, collect information, from paragraph to sentence, clause to word, understand everything, connect it together, and treat it as a whole. For difficult sentences, you need to be careful, take care of the previous sentences, connect the following sentences, carefully consider, figure out the tone, and strive to make it reasonable and reasonable, and the words and sentences are closely connected. If there is any omission, fill in the original meaning and add parentheses to indicate gain.
The names of people and places do not need to be translated. Personal appellation, according to the usual rules, "I" and "I" are me, "er" and "you" are you. There are rules for omitting inversion.
Content words and function words are explained along with the text to sharpen the sense of language and vary from sentence to sentence. After the translation is completed, you must carefully compare it sentence by sentence, understand the tone, and make the sentences fluent before putting down the pen.
Poetry is a literary genre that uses concise language, abundant emotions, and rich phenomena to express social life and the human spiritual world in a highly concentrated manner according to certain syllables, tones, and rhythm requirements. . In ancient China, what is not suitable for music is called poetry, and what is suitable for music is called song.
It exists in human cultural tradition. We always maintain high respect for words such as "poetry", "lyrism" and "beauty". Humans not only have the ability to express themselves lyrically, but they also have the need to do so, based on the need to survive.
In this way, lyric poetry is not only an aesthetic issue, but also an ontological issue. The lyrical attitude becomes a category of human existence. With the development of civilization and the emergence of social division of labor, "poets" who specialized in poetry appeared.
The division between poets and non-poets arises. Poems and poets are always connected with some mysterious power.
Poets were believed to be special and mysterious figures chosen and inspired by the gods. Poetics is about poetry, just like aesthetics is about beauty, it is difficult to have a generally accepted definition.
If you ask a poet "What is poetry", just like if you ask an aesthete "What is beauty", it is difficult to get a satisfactory answer. The reason why poetry is difficult to define is probably because "it belongs too much to the spiritual world and is too ethereal", and poetry can be divided into broad and narrow senses.
When the broad and narrow meanings of poetry are mixed together, "what is poetry" becomes even more complicated. Heidegger was dissatisfied with "referring poetry to literature" and disagreed with "poetry must find its form of existence in literature".
This is inevitably a biased opinion. Poetry is a kind of language art, and it should certainly belong to literature. Literature includes poetry, prose, novels, etc. Is there any doubt about this? However, the so-called poetry here is only poetry in a narrow sense.
There is also a broad sense of poetry. Poetry in the broad sense no longer belongs to literature, and is no longer a branch and component of literature.
When we distinguish poetry in the broad sense from poetry in the narrow sense, a lot of confusion can be avoided, and the definition of poetry begins to become clear. Poetry in a broad sense is a general term for all arts (including literature as a language art). It is synonymous with the beauty of nature, art and life. It is a way for human beings to observe the world and a way for the human soul to inhabit after escaping from reality.
As a general term for art, we can say that all art is poetry: music is. 3. Chinese questions about classical Chinese and ancient poetry
Read this classical Chinese article carefully and then answer it.
Two Children Debate 1
Confucius was traveling eastward and saw two children arguing 2 and asked why.
One son said: "I thought that when the sun started to go out on the 3rd, four people were close, but at 5 o'clock in the middle of the day, they were far away." The time is near.
One son said: "When the sun rises and hits the car hood, and on the 6th day of the day, it is like a pan. 7. Isn't this why the far one is small and the near one is big?"
1 The son said: "At the beginning of the day, it is cool and cool in Cangcang, and in the middle of the day, it is like a soup. Isn't it hot when you are near, and cool when you are far?"
Confucius couldn't decide.
The two children laughed and said: "Who 11 do you know much about?"
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1. This article is selected from "Liezi·Tangwen". 2. Debate: Debate, argue. 3. To: think. 4. Go: leave. 5. Noon: noon.
6. And: Arrive. 7. Plate: A container for holding things. The round one is called a plate, and the square one is called a bowl. 8. Cang Cang Liang Liang: describes the feeling of coolness. Cangcang: means cold. 9. Exploring the soup: Put your hand into the hot water. It means the weather is hot. 10. Judgment: Judgment. 11. Who: Who. 12. Ru: You
1. Connect with the text and talk about the meaning of the following sentences.
(1). When the sun begins to rise, people will be closer, but when the sun is at midday, people will be far away.
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(2 ), and at the middle of the day, it is like a pan. It is not small if it is far away, but it is large if it is close.
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(3). It’s cool at the beginning of the day.
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(4) Confucius cannot decide.
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(5) Who knows more about you?
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2. The meaning of this article (translation).
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3. In connection with the reality of life, what can you do from What truth is learned from this story.
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< p> ———————————————————————————————————————— 4. The difference between ancient poetry and classical ChineseThe simple difference is not much different from the modern difference between 'prose' and 'poetry'
Ancient poetry pays attention to the depth of words, the order of sentences, and the use of the least words to express the greatest meaning (what the author wants to express) without dialogue situations
Classical Chinese pays attention to The characters are also deep, but shallower than ancient poems. "Wen" means written articles.
"Yan" means writing, expressing, recording, etc.
"Classical Chinese" refers to written language. "Classical Chinese" is relative to "oral language", and "oral language" is also called "vernacular".
The last "wen" means works, articles, etc., and represents the type of literature. In ancient times, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language" that can be generally understood and contain dialogue situations
You can roughly understand these, and I don’t want to read too many. 5. Translation of classical Chinese and ancient poems in the first volume of seventh grade
& "Children's Interest" 1. Word accumulation (1) Conventional words [I].
[childlike (zhì)] young. Childish, childish.
[Qiuhao] The slender new feathers of birds in autumn. A metaphor for the smallest things.
Milli, fine hair.
[Therefore] So.
[Object outside] beyond the thing itself. [Private] Secretly, secretly.
[to be compared to] to be compared to. To compare, to compare, to compare.
[Approach]. [Look up] Look up.
Hold up, lift up. [item] neck, neck.
[Plain tent] An undyed tent. [Xu] Slowly.
[View] Look, watch. [Guo] Sure enough.
[唳(lì)] Birdsong. [ Yi (yí)ran] Looks comfortable and happy.
[Calm down] Make the spirit stable. [take...as...] Treat...as....
[Gravel (lì)] gravel, broken tiles. [呑(hè)] pit valley, deep ditch.
[Wandering in the imagination] Traveling in an imaginary realm, happy and satisfied. [Xing] Interest.
[cover] means "original". [for (wèi)] to be.
[Fang] Upright. [Whip] Beat with a whip.
[tens] dozens. [Drive] drive away, expel.
(2) Tongqiazi [qiang] means "zhuang", meaning stiff. (3) Idiom [clearly discerning everything] Ming, eyesight.
Observe, see clearly. Originally described as having sharp eyesight and being able to see even the smallest things clearly.
The latter describes people who have insight into things. [Easy and contented] describes the appearance of being comfortable, happy and satisfied.
[ Joyful and happy ] describes the feeling of being very happy. [Monster] Something that looks huge.
[summer mosquitoes become thunder] The sound of mosquitoes in summer is like thunder, which describes that there are many mosquitoes. 2. Literary common sense This article is selected from "Six Notes of a Floating Life? Notes of Leisure Love".
The author Shen Fu was a writer in the Qing Dynasty. 3. Overall understanding This article focuses on the "interests outside things" and narrates several interesting things in childhood: first, treating mosquitoes as thunder as "a group of cranes dancing in the sky" and "cranes chirping in the clouds"; second, treating clumps of grass and insects as Ants and gravel are regarded as woods, wild beasts, and hills and valleys respectively, and the mind wanders among them; the third is to drive away toads when observing insects.
The first paragraph first points out the main theme of "the interest outside things", and the second, third and fourth paragraphs describe the events separately. The author uses "interest outside things" to combine several things, intending to show that he already had spontaneous aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic taste when he was young.
4. Reading and Research 1. Judging from the first paragraph, what abilities, habits and gains did I have as a child? Skills: Open your eyes to the sun and see everything clearly. Habit: When you see something small, you must carefully examine its texture.
Harvest: Sometimes there is something interesting outside of things. 2. What are the words that reflect the center of the text? Interest outside things. 3. What things have been written about "interest outside things"? One imagines a mosquito as a white crane.
The two gods wander through the fantasy world composed of grass, gravel, insects and ants. The third is the fun of watching insect fights and driving away shrimps and toads.
4. What are the words that express the author’s mood? What effect does it have? Words: "happy and happy", "happy and contented", "wandering in the mind", "yahran", etc. Function: The image truly reflects children's psychology when observing objects, expresses the "interest outside the object", and makes readers feel as if they are actually there.
5. Speculate the author’s purpose of “driving away the toads from other courtyards”. Perhaps the main reason for revenge for "Er Insect" is that it destroyed its own aesthetic taste.
6. What is the sentence in the fourth paragraph that expresses the author's "childishness"? He was calm, caught the shrimps and toads, whipped them dozens of times, and drove them away to other courtyards. 7. What is the basis and key for the author to obtain the "interest outside things"? Basics: careful observation.
Key: Rich imagination. 8. From the text, we can see how the "interest outside things" is obtained? ① Have strong curiosity.
②Have meticulous observation skills. ③Have rich imagination.
5. Migration and Application 1. What inspiration did you get after studying this article? ① Love animals, love nature, and live in harmony with life in nature. ②To obtain a wonderful experience, you must have strong curiosity, keen observation, and rich imagination.
③Be good at discovering beauty in ordinary life, have a childlike innocence, and be an interesting person. 2. You must also have had a wonderful experience of "interest outside things" in your childhood. Write it down and share it with everyone.
(For example: observe the ants moving and imagine them as the "big army" supporting the front line; see the snowflakes flying in the sky and regard them as the goddess scattering flowers; build a small pond and dam to block the water source, and then open it Think of it as the Yellow River bursting its banks; when you "play house", use pine needles as leeks, handkerchiefs as bedding, rag dolls as children, small boxes as houses, move your hands, talk, and be intoxicated. It’s endless fun. …) 3. How do you become an interesting person in life? Be open-minded and not burdened by life; think openly when encountering problems, use your imagination to treat difficulties and setbacks as friendly jokes from friends; regard the good and bad things you encounter as gifts from life; have a bit of "Ah Q spirit", etc. .
4. Read the following ancient poems and talk about the interest contained in this poem. The luggage of the ancient moon is white and does not recognize the moon when it is white, and it is called a white jade plate.
I also suspected that the Yao Tai Mirror was flying in the blue clouds. Children are good at observation, have strong curiosity about things, and have rich imagination.
They get psychological satisfaction and aesthetic taste from the wonderful experience of playing and imagining. & "The Analects of Confucius" Six Principles 1. Word accumulation (1) Conventional words [Mr. Zi] refers to Confucius.
[Shixi] Review frequently. Sometimes, often (also: according to a certain time).
Xi, review, review, practice. [Friend] Fellow disciple, here refers to people who share the same goals.
[Also] also. [since.
[(Don’t) know] (Don’t) understand. [愠(yùn)] Angry, angry.
[Junzi] refers to a noble person. [I]I.
[Day] Every day. [三级(xǐng)] Conduct self-examination and introspection many times.
Three, refers to multiple times. Province, reflection.
[为(wèi)] to replace, to give. [Plan] To plan, to do things.
[loyalty] do your best. [Miao] Make friends, communicate.
[Letter] Sincerity, honesty. [Pass] the knowledge imparted by the teacher.
[So] refers to the knowledge learned. [甔 (wǎng)] confused.
It means feeling confused and at a loss. [Nearly (dài)] Harmful.
[沲(huì)] teach, teach. [Know (it)] Know (it).
[It is] this, this. [Xian] A wise man, a talented and virtuous person.
[Qi] Let’s get together. [Inside] refers to the heart.
[Good person] refers to strengths. Good, good.
[Follow] Follow, here refers to learning. [Scholar] Scholars were called scholars in the feudal era.
This refers to people who are ambitious or have special status. [Hong (hóng) Yi] strong, courageous.
[Any] Burden, burden. Extended to responsibility and responsibility.
[Heavy]Significant. [has] stopped.
[Suihan] Cold winter. Years refer to time.
[Wither (diāo)] Wither. [line] pursue.
[It] probably. [Shù] refers to the Confucian philosophy of treating others with respect and kindness.
[Desire] Think, hope. [不(wù)] Don’t.
[Shi]Add. (2) Tongjia characters, ancient and modern characters 1. Tongjia characters: [female] same as "ru", you.
[(Yes) Zhi (Ye)] Tong "Zhi", smart and wise. 2. Ancient and modern words: [say] the ancient word for "joy" means happiness.
(3) The original meaning of the idiom [happy] is "Isn't it also very happy?" It is now used. 6. Translation of classical Chinese, essays and poetry
What is the problem? So this is it? Qing Dynasty Chu people won the "Jianhu Collection" Dongpo discussed poetry with Xiaomei and Huangshangu.
Mei Yun: "The gentle breeze shakes the thin willows, and the moon is full of plum blossoms. Add one word for waist to form a five-character couplet."
Po Yun: "The gentle breeze shakes the thin willows. , The moon reflects the plum blossoms. "My sister said: "It's gone; it's not yet."
Huang said: "The thin willows are dancing in the light breeze, and the plum blossoms are hidden in the moonlight." My sister said: "It's gone, but it's not yet." "Yes."
Po Yun: "But what will my sister say?" He said: "The gentle breeze supports the thin willows, and the moonlight loses the plum blossoms."
Su Dongpo once discussed poetry with his sister Su Xiaomei and poet friend Huang Shangu, and asked each other questions.
After the younger sister said "gentle breeze and thin willows" and "pale moon plum blossoms", she asked her brother to add one word from each to express the poetic eye.
Su Dongpo immediately said: Add "shake" to the former sentence and "ying" to the latter sentence, which becomes "The gentle breeze shakes the thin willows, and the pale moon reflects the plum blossoms." Unexpectedly, Su Xiaomei judged it as "low quality".
After Su Dongpo thought carefully, he said proudly: "Yes, 'the thin willows dance in the breeze, and the plum blossoms are hidden in the pale moon.'" The little girl smiled and said: "It's good, but it's still not Top grade."
Huang Shangu couldn't help it and asked, "What about Yi Xiaomei's advice?" Su Xiaomei then started to read: "The gentle breeze supports the thin willows, and the pale moon loses the plum blossoms." Su Dongpo and Huang Gushan recited and pondered it, and couldn't help but praise it with their hands.
If the translation is correct, please accept me as the best answer. 7. Who can give me 8 ancient poems and classical Chinese articles, which must be interesting
1 Wang Wei
Zhuli Pavilion
Sitting alone in the secluded bamboo, playing the piano and growing long Xiao
People in the deep forest don’t know that the bright moon comes to shine.
This poem also expresses a quiet and peaceful state. The first two sentences describe the poet sitting alone in the deep and dense bamboo forest, playing the strings and making a long whistle. In fact, both "playing the piano" and "whistling" reflect the poet's elegant, leisurely, transcendent and refined temperament, which is not easy to arouse the excitement of others. So the last two sentences say: "People in the deep forest don't know that the bright moon comes to shine." This means that even though I live in a deep forest, I don't feel lonely because the bright moon still shines on me all the time. The technique of personification is used here, and the shining moon is regarded as a close friend, which shows the poet's novel and unique imagination. The style of the whole poem is quiet and leisurely, as if the poet's state of mind and the natural scenery are integrated into one.
2 Li Shangyin - "Spring Rain"
Lying in white clothes during the New Year, the white door is sparse, which makes me feel unhappy.
The red building looks cold across the rain, and the bead foil floating lantern returns alone.
The long journey should be sad in the late spring, and there are still vague dreams in the remaining sky.
How can the jade clang and seals be reached? A wild goose flies across thousands of miles of clouds.
The spring breeze makes it easy to sleep, and before I know it, it is dawn;
I suddenly wake up, and there are birds chirping everywhere.
At night, there seems to be a rustling sound of wind and rain;
How many flowers have been blown down by the wind and rain?
The first two lines of this poem describe thoughts before a dream. In the deep bridal chamber, the spring breeze blew in last night, showing that spring has quietly arrived. Spring has returned to the earth and the wind has entered the bridal chamber. It should be that the spring scenery has filled the world, but those living deep in the inner room feel a little surprised, as if spring has appeared all of a sudden. The change of seasons can easily cause emotional fluctuations, especially when the cold and bleak winter turns to the sunny and beautiful spring. Facing this beautiful season, how can we not miss the beauty in the distance? In ancient Chinese, the word beauty has a broader meaning than in modern Chinese. It refers to both men and women, both beautiful people and people with good moral character. In this poem, it probably refers to the parting lovers, but if the man is a woman, there is no way to confirm it. Because the poet can write his own dreams, then this beauty is a woman. You can also write dreams on behalf of a certain woman. So, this beauty is male. There is no need to delve into this. In short, in the spring breeze, I thought of the beauty on the bank of the Xiangjiang River. We were far apart and it was difficult to meet each other, so I missed her even more.
The last two sentences describe the dream after thinking. Because of my thoughts during the day, I slept in the bridal chamber at night, and my memories turned into dreams. Although I only spent a moment on the pillow, in my dream I had already traveled thousands of miles to the south of the Yangtze River (that is, the shore of the Xiangjiang River where the beauty lives). The use of "a moment" is precisely to contrast with "thousands of miles". These two sentences not only describe the confusion and confusion in dreams, but also hint at the deep and affectionate feelings in daily life. In other words, the speed of time and the breadth of space are used to show the intensity and depth of feelings. (Song Yan Jidao's "Butterfly Loves Flowers" says: "I dreamed of entering the Yanshui Road in the south of the Yangtze River, and traveled all the way to the south of the Yangtze River without meeting anyone else." This is how the poem came out.) What I couldn't do for many years when I was awake, I could do for a while in my dream. It has been realized. Although it feels confusing, it finally feels good. Who doesn’t have this kind of life experience? The poet gives a moving representation here.