The calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty were mainly influenced by Wang's calligraphy, but at the same time they weakened the "meaning" and strengthened the "spirit" to varying degrees. Yu Shinan's cursive script and Sun's "book spectrum" are most obvious here. Their brushwork is not as rich and full as Wang Xizhi's, but it obviously strengthens the rhythm of galloping in momentum, showing signs of Tang grass moving towards romantic style. By He in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Weeds by Zhang Xu and Huai Su in the mid-Tang Dynasty, the romantic style of writing reached its acme.
He (about 659- 744): Ji Zhen, a famous Siming fanatic in his later years, was a famous poet and calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty and was born in Yongxing, Yuezhou (now Xiaoshan, Zhejiang). When I was young, I was famous for my poems. Wu Zetian won the second prize in Shengyuan year (695), awarded Guo Zi Simen Doctor and moved to Taichang Doctor. Later, he served as assistant minister of rites, secretary supervisor and prince guest.
He was broad-minded and uninhibited, and had the reputation of "talking about love". Especially in his later years, he was named "Siming fanatic" and "secretary outside the prison" and returned to China at the age of 86. He was a poet in the early Tang Dynasty and a famous calligrapher. Together with Zhang, Zhang Xu and Bao Rong, they are called "four sons of Wuzhong".
He's poems are famous for quatrains. Besides offering sacrifices to the gods and writing poems, his writing style and lyric style are unique, fresh and natural. Two famous poems, Liu Yong and Hometown Couplet Book, are well-known throughout the ages, and most of them are scattered. Today, they are still recorded in the whole Tang poetry *** 19.
Everyone knows his literary talent, but few people know his calligraphy. The representative work of He calligraphy that we calligraphy lovers can see is his representative work Xiao Jing (Xiao Jing in He Zhong).
His calligraphy is better than that of dou. "Shu Fu" said: "The mountains and lakes are shining downward, the fanatics are romantic, the brushwork is exquisite, and the words are sparse, like the flowers in the spring forest." Dou Meng's note: "Every time (he) tries hard, he writes good Chinese characters, or 300 words, or 500 words. Poetry and pens are only used by him ... suddenly beneficial, competing with nature, not artificial."
The Dou brothers criticized the famous books of the Tang Dynasty, but they greatly praised He's "contending with nature, which was not made by man", which shows the reputation of He's calligraphy at that time. Li Baiyou's "Thinking of seeing the guests off to the moon" says: "The flowing water in Jinghu Lake is clear, and the fanatics return to the boat. If the Taoist priests in Yin Shan meet, they should write a yellow court for the white goose. " Tell the world.
The Classic of Filial Piety
Among the calligraphy works handed down from ancient times, the ink marks include the cursive script "The Book of Filial Piety" and the stone carving "Long Rui Palace". "The Book of Filial Piety" is full of vertical strokes, with dragons and snakes dancing in one go, shining brilliantly. Take Li's meaning slightly, and blend in to seek greatness. The rigorous style of Tang people and the graceful demeanor of Jin people had a great influence on the calligraphy style in the late Tang and Song Dynasties.
Zhang Xu (675- 750): calligrapher of Tang Dynasty. At first, he was a commander in Changshu. Later, he became the commander of Jin Wu, known as "Zhang Changshi". His mother Lu is the niece of the calligrapher in the early Tang Dynasty, that is, the granddaughter of Yu Shinan.
Zhang Xu is free and easy, generous, outstanding, brilliant and knowledgeable. Du Fu befriended Li Bai and He Hao, and was listed as the "Eight Immortals of Drinking". He is a master of cursive script with great personality. Because he is often drunk, clamoring for madness, then writing books, and even writing with his hair dipped in ink, he has the nickname "Zhang Dian". After Huai Su inherited and developed his brushwork, he also got his name from cursive script and called it "drunk".
Zhang Xu is unrestrained, likes to drink, often dances after getting drunk, and then returns to the table with a pen and ink. Some people called him rude and gave him a crazy nickname. In fact, he is very careful. He believes that everything he touches in his daily life can inspire his writing. To get something occasionally is to melt it into your own calligraphy. At that time, as long as people got a piece of his paper, they all regarded it as a treasure, and it was hereditary and true.
Zhang Xu's calligraphy began with Zhangzhi and Erwang, with cursive script as the highest achievement. History is called "the sage of grass". He himself is proud of inheriting the tradition of "two kings" and writes very well. On the other hand, he imitated Zhang Zhi's cursive art and created an unpredictable wild grass, which shocked the world. According to legend, he saw the princess arguing with her husband, and he heard the advocacy and got the meaning of brushwork; When I was in Yexian County, Henan Province, I loved watching Gong Sundaniang dance the sword of Xihe River, so I got the grass god. Yan Zhenqing resigned twice and asked him for his brushwork. Zhang Xu is a pure artist. He pours his emotions into stippling, and no one looks at it, and he is as intoxicated as a madman. Tang Hanyu praised in "Preface to Send a Noble Sage to a Master": "Emotion, embarrassment, sadness, happiness, resentment, longing, drunkenness, boredom and injustice, if moving in the heart, must be expressed in cursive script. Looking at things, we can see mountains and rivers, cliffs and canyons, birds, animals, insects, fish and flowers, the sun, the moon and stars, storms and fires, lightning and thunder, singing and dancing battles, and changes in heaven and earth. Congratulations, one is in one book, so the book of Xu is still as unpredictable as ghosts and gods, and it will eventually be praised by later generations. " Xiong Bingming's "China and calligraphy theory System" said: "Zhang Xu is an extremely important figure in the history of China's calligraphy. The Wild Grass he created limited the development of free expression. If you are more free, the words will be difficult to identify and calligraphy will become an abstract painting. "
Four posts of ancient poetry
After Zhang Xu died, everyone missed him very much. For example, after Du Fu entered Shu, he was very sad to see Zhang Xu's ink, so he wrote a cursive script of Yang Jian in the temple for Zhang Xu to see. In the poem, he said: the Sri Lankan people are dead in the clouds, and the grass is secret. I am so annoyed and full of sadness when I see this. In his poem To Zhang Xu, Li Qi said: The top of the bed is called three or five times. Xing lai wall, pen like a meteor. You can see how much you love Zhang Xu. To commemorate Zhang Xu, Changshu people still keep a "drunken street" near the square tower at the east gate of the city until today. In the old days, there was also a "Cao Sheng Temple" in the city. A couplet in the temple said: "The book has become a god, and the paper has fallen. Today's ancient games spread eight laws; Drunken people call themselves cursive saints, who are full of wind and rain, and want to drink three cups when they are old, expressing the deep respect of the Yi people for cursive saints. Zhang Xu's wash pen inkstone pool has also been preserved for a long time, and it is called "Xiyan Lake". Zhang Xu Cao Sheng Temple will be built in Suzhou in Tang Dynasty. Located on the west side of Tang Yin's tomb, all of them are ancient building materials. Caosheng Temple will be built into a building similar to Lanting in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, which will display the artistic achievements of Zhang Xu's calligraphy and become a place for literati pen meetings at home and abroad. Suzhou people are proud of calligrapher Zhang Xu. Zhang Xu is also the pride and glory of the Chinese nation.
Huai Su (737-799): A native of Lingling, Yongzhou (now Lingling, Hunan), was a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. He is famous for "Weeds" and is known as the "sage in the grass" in history. Being a monk since childhood, I like calligraphy after meditation. And Zhang Xu, collectively referred to as "Dian Zhang Kuang vulgar".
Self-narrative post
Huai Su's cursive script is thin and vigorous, flying naturally, like a whirlwind of showers. Although his calligraphy is capricious and ever-changing, it has statutes. Huai Su and Zhang Xu formed two peaks of calligraphy in Tang Dynasty, and also two peaks in the history of cursive script in China.
Calligraphy works handed down from ancient times include autobiographical notes, bitter bamboo shoots, Notre Dame notes, essays on books, a thousand grasses and so on.