Introduction to the work
"Li Bai at the end of the day" was created by Du Fu and was selected into "Three Hundred Tang Poems". In the second year of Zhide (757), Li Bai was implicated in King Yong's crimes and exiled Yelang. He traveled to Wushan and was pardoned and returned. Du Fu wrote this poem in the second year of Qianyuan (759). He was fond of Li Bai and imagined that he would pass through Miluo, so he compared him with Qu Yuan. In fact, Li had already been pardoned at this time and was boating in Dongting. I miss my old friends because of the cool breeze, and miss the wild geese in autumn. The literati cherish each other and have a close relationship at the end of the road, which is vividly reflected on the paper. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 Tang Poems column of "Station".
This song and "Dream of Li Bai's Two Poems" must be works of the same period. The poem imagines Li Bai's exile from the Yangtze River through Dongting Lake in late autumn. It expresses the poet's deep memory and sympathy for Li Bai. "Poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties": "The tragic song is generous and relaxed in one breath. Li Bai is a good friend and his poems are particularly spiritual.
Original text
"Li Bai is pregnant at the end of the day"
Author: Du Fu
The cool breeze is blowing, what do you think?
When will the swans arrive?
The article is full of destiny and charming. It's so gratifying.
In response to the injustice, I sent a poem to Miluo.
1. The end of the sky: Du Fu was in Qin at that time. The state is located on the frontier, so it is said to be the end of the world.
2. Junzi: refers to Li Bai. 3. Hongyan: a metaphor for letters.
4. This is. Words of worry about Li Bai's journey.
5. Article sentence: It means that people with literary talent are always in trouble. Fate: fate, fortune. Article: This sentence generally refers to literature. God is always jealous of people with literary talents. If their writing is good, their fate will be bad.
6. Demon: The legendary monster likes people to pass by in order to devour it. This is another metaphor for Li Bai's dangerous journey.
7. Qu Yuan: Qu Yuan was exiled and died in the old Luo River. Du Fu knew that Li Bai Conglin was unjustly exiled, just like Qu Yuan. Therefore, we should file a lawsuit with Qu Yuan to express his grievances.
8. Miluo River: The place where Qu Yuan sank, in today's Xiangyin County, Hunan Province.
The cool breeze comes from the sky, old friend, are you still in a good mood?
When will the swans bring you news?
People with literary talents often suffer misfortunes, but ghosts and monsters can be used as food when people pass by.
If you and Qu Yuan have an unfair relationship, please don't forget to write a poem to pay tribute to the Miluo River!
Analysis
In the early days of Tianbao, the young Du Fu first met Li Bai, the relegated immortal who was already famous all over the world, in the Qi and Zhao area. From then on, the two great figures in the history of Tang poetry formed an undying friendship. They were both lovers of poetry and shared destiny. His arrogant and rebellious character deeply worried him. More than ten years later, on the day when Li Bai was exiled to the southwest, it was when Du Fu resigned and went to Shu that he had a similar experience of being unappreciated and offended. The longing for Li Bai became even stronger, to the point of "three nights of dreaming about the king" ("Dream of Li Bai"); the understanding became more profound, "the capital is covered with crowns, but this person is only haggard". When the capital is recovered, it will be prosperous and prosperous. , why is fate so unfair to the genius when he is climbing the dragon and clinging to the phoenix? This poem was written in this mood.
When the first autumn wind blows from the horizon, the poet suddenly thinks of his old friends during his exile: Seasons change and the coldness invades. What do you feel? Is it the desolate chill? Is it the sadness of looking back home? Or is it the unusual interest of a genius? How much the poet hopes that the swan geese carrying the message will bring news about Li Bai. The gentle question "when will it arrive" shows how sincere the poet's hope is. However, the rivers and lakes are thousands of miles away and the autumn water is turbulent. Even the swan geese can't cross it. It is enough to arouse the poet's equally confused thoughts.
In the first four sentences, worries and thoughts arise spontaneously at the end of the day. After two layers of questions, they become more powerful and surging like autumn water. This shows that the poet feels deeply for his old friend. Su's concern also showed that this worry has turned into endless hatred. It can be seen from the last couplet that the poet has sublimated his nostalgia for his old friends to questioning the unfair social reality for thousands of years: from Qu Yuan to Jia Yi to Li Bai, and of course Du Fu himself, why are talented people always not met and people with lofty ideals always slandered? As a result, we have a deeper understanding of the profound meaning of this joint police policy. The words "hate" and "happiness" are used in extremely dangerous terms, and the grief and indignation are profound: The article is good, and it should be loved by creation; but why is it disliked by "hate" and hated by "hate" instead? It can be seen that talents who are born in the world will not be understood by the world: and the evil spirits on the other side of the water who secretly "joy" the talented people passing by are of course Xiaoxiao who is looking for opportunities to slander others. The more "joyful" they are, the more despicable and dirty their hearts are. When Qu Yuan was exiled in southern Hunan, he was so filled with grief and indignation that he wrote "Heavenly Questions" to express his feelings. I think that this joint policy of "The article hates destiny, and the devil is so happy" can be the answer to Qu Zi's sad question.
Explanation
This poem was written by the poet when he lived in Qinzhou (now Tianshui, Gansu). At that time, Li Bai was in charge of the affairs of Wang Lin and Liu Yelang. He was pardoned on the way and returned to Hunan. Du Fu wrote a poem in memory of him.
The first sentence is about the rising autumn wind, which casts a sadness over the whole poem. It's a time when the cool breeze is blowing, the scenery is sparse, and I look up at the sky with sadness. What does this mean? With just these two sentences, I feel that the sea of ??people is vast, the world is dangerous, and the infinite sadness arises out of thin air. The second sentence does not express his own state of mind, but instead asks the person far away: "What do you think, gentleman?" It seems to be a casual greeting, but when I don't know where to start from many words, I use this casual language to show the most concerned mood. This is a high-level summary of returning to basics, with shallow words and deep feelings, and far-reaching imagery. According to Du Fu's theory, there is no need to worry about one's own decline, but one's talent is like that of someone far away. If he encounters such danger, he must know that his intentions are more difficult than his own, which means "I share the same fate with you, but you will suffer even more." These words of boundless speculation show the poet's longing for Yin. Thinking about others is the deepest "caring". A close friend was pardoned and was eager for news, so he asked "when will the swans arrive?" Xiaoxiang Dongting was in a stormy and dangerous situation, because he was worried that "the rivers and lakes are full of autumn water". Li Ciming said: "The sky in Chu is really a land of many hatreds, and the autumn water is a thing of cherishing people." From a long distance, I hope for news but cannot get it; in the vast rivers and lakes, I can only send messages to pray for my treasure. However, the swan geese are not there, and the rivers and lakes are dangerous. I feel a sense of vastness and melancholy, which strikes my soul.
The deep remembrance of my friend, and then my sympathy for his life experience. "Articles hate fate", which means that people with outstanding literary talents always have a bad fate, and their words are extremely sad and angry, with the pain of "looking forward to the eternity and shedding tears": "The evil spirit is happy to pass by", which is a metaphor for Li Bai's long life as a night wanderer, who was framed by others. . These two sentences are full of emotion in the discussion, and contain philosophy in the comparison. They are profound and have extremely touching artistic power. They are famous sentences that have been passed down through the ages. Gao Buying cited Shao Changheng's comment: "One hates and one loves, which makes the literati have no place." These two lines of poems tell the common fate of talented people since ancient times, and are a high-level summary of countless historical facts.
At this time, Li Bai was living in Jiangxiang, and Du Fu naturally thought of Qu Yuan, the patriotic poet who was exiled and drowned in Miluo. There are some similarities between Li Bai's experience and that of this injustice soul of thousands of years. Therefore, the poet imagined that Li Bai would express his inner resentment to Qu Yuan's injustice soul: "If you want to speak of the injustice soul, send a poem to Miluo." . For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 Tang Poems column of "Station".
Although this connection is imaginary, the poet admired Qu Yuan very much and felt that he committed suicide and died for his country, but he still survived. Li Bai was eager to put down the Anshi rebellion and clear the Central Plains, but he was convicted far away. Although he was relegated and returned with pardon, he was full of resentment and would naturally express his gratitude to the former sage because of the autumn wind.
In this way, the sentence "desire to kill the wronged soul" vividly and truly expresses Li Bai's inner activities. The last sentence, "To give a poem to Miluo", uses the word "gift", which is to imagine that Qu Yuan will live forever. He and Li Bai have shared the same injustice for thousands of years, and Li Bai, who has written hundreds of drinking poems, must write poems to express his feelings. The beauty of this word "gift" is just as Huang Sheng said: "It is not called a condolence but a gift, which makes the spirit of injustice come to life." ("Reading Du Shishuo")
This poem is inspired by the autumn wind. As for the lyric poems about missing friends, the feelings are very strong, but they are not expressed in a mighty and rapid way. The tide of feelings turns back and forth, lingering in the heart. Reciting the whole poem is like reading a friend's letter. It is full of ardent longing, subtle attention and emotions from the depth of the soul. It is chanted repeatedly, with low turns and gentleness, and is melancholy and profound. It is indeed a masterpiece of ancient lyricism.
The story of Du Fu and Li Bai
In the third year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (the summer of 744), Li Bai arrived in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Here, he met Du Fu, who he had not met before. The two poets hit it off, drank together, got drunk together, and traveled together hand in hand. At this time, Li Bai had become famous throughout the country, while Du Fu was in his prime, but he was trapped in Luocheng. The encounter between these two great poets was the most exciting moment in the history of Chinese literature, perhaps only comparable to the encounter between Laozi and Confucius. However, the meeting between Lao Kong and Confucius is just an unsubstantiated legend in history, but the meeting between Li and Du is clearly documented in history: "Fu Shao was as famous as Li Bai, and his name was Li Du at that time. He passed through Bianzhou from Bai and Gaoshi, and climbed to the playing stage while drunk. Generous and nostalgic, people are unpredictable. "Li Bai is eleven years older than Du Fu, but he does not use his talent and reputation to be arrogant in front of Du Fu; and Du Fu, who is "rich in nature and addicted to alcohol" and "all his friends are old", is also He did not bow his head in praise in front of Li Bai. The two of them established a deep friendship as equals. When they were in Luoyang, they made an appointment to meet in Liang and Song Dynasties (today's Shangqiu area of ????Kaifeng) to visit Taoism and seek immortality.
In the autumn of this year, the two of them arrived in Liang Song Dynasty as promised. The two of them expressed their feelings and emotions here, and used the past to comment on the present. They also met the poet Gao Shi here, who did not have a salary at this time. However, the three of them have their own ambitions and the same ideals. The three people had a great time traveling, commenting on articles and poems, and talking about the general trend of the world. They were all worried about the hidden dangers of the country. At this time, Li and Du were both in their prime. This creative discussion between the two had a positive impact on them in the future, and the two formed a deep friendship!
In the autumn and winter of this year, Li and Du broke up again, each looking for a Taoist disciple to make the true 簏 (the secret text of Taoism) and teach Taoist 簏. Li Bai went to Qizhou (today's Jinan area of ????Shandong) and was taught the Taoist teachings by Gao Tianshi Rugui, a Taoist priest from the Ziji Palace in Ziji Palace. From then on, he officially fulfilled the Taoist rituals and became a Taoist priest. Later, Li Bai went to Anling County, Texas, and met Gai Liao, a man in this area who was good at writing talisman and seal scripts, and built the Zhenhuan for him. This time, Li Bai achieved perfect results in his quest for immortality.
In the autumn of the fourth year of Tianbao (745 AD), Li Bai and Du Fu met for the third time in Donglu. In just over a year, they met twice and met three times, and their friendship continued to deepen. Together they searched for the hermit master, and also went to Qizhou to visit Li Yong, a world-famous essayist and calligrapher at that time. In the winter of this year, the two broke up, and Li Bai prepared to revisit Jiangdong. This was also the last time the two met. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 Tang Poems column of "Station".
Faced with parting, what Li Bai could not forget was just drinking and drinking, one glass after another. Let’s talk about it after drinking this glass. There is no other meaning. After parting, Li Bai completely forgot about Du Fu. He never mentioned Du Fu in his subsequent poems.
On the contrary, Du Fu's memory of this friendship, which lasted only for more than a year, was as fresh as time passed. In my spare time, I often think of the days I spent with Li Bai. They had been apart for more than ten years. Thinking of that unforgettable good time, Du Fu always feels full of emotion and misses it quite a lot. In the season when the autumn wind rises, the scenery is desolate, and looking up at the sky reminds Du Fu of Li Bai. At this time, Li Bai was living in Jiangxiang, and Du Fu naturally thought of Qu Yuan, the patriotic poet who was exiled by slander and drowned in Miluo. There are some similarities between Li Bai's experiences and the life experience of this soul who has been wronged for thousands of years.
At that time, Li Bai was convicted and exiled Yelang. When he walked to Wushan, he was pardoned and returned.
Du Fu only knew that he was exiled, but did not know that he had been pardoned. There was no news of him, and his accumulated imagination turned into a dream, so he came up with the three masterpieces included in "Three Hundred Tang Poems": "Dream of Li Bai's Two Poems" and "The End of the World" "Pregnant for Li Bai", the poem puts himself in Li Bai's safety everywhere. Such intimate works are very rare in the history of poetry. These poems recall the friendship with Li Bai that year, a friendship that transcended life and death.
Reading Comprehension
1. Regarding the explanation of the poem, one incorrect item is ()
A. The first sentence says that the autumn wind has blown in the frontier fortress. , Gentleman, refers to Li Bai.
B. The "Hongyan" in the couplet refers to the messenger. In ancient times, it was said that Hongyan could deliver messages.
C. The word "魑魔" in the neck couplet refers to a treacherous villain, and "Xierenguo" means that you like people to make mistakes.
D. The last sentence imagines Li Bai talking to Qu Yuan and writing a poem to express his gratitude.
Answer: C (This sentence means: Mountain spirits, water monsters and others pass by in order to eat them. The role of annotations cannot be ignored)
2. Appreciation of this poem, not The correct one is ()
A. The first couplet is inspired by the autumn wind, which makes the whole poem enveloped in a layer of sadness.
B. The chin couplet euphemistically expresses the hope that Li Bai will return from exile as soon as possible and not linger in the mountains and rivers.
C. "Hate" and "Happiness" are full of sentiment and philosophy in the discussion, and have profound meaning.
D. The poem is inspired by the autumn wind and misses friends. The emotion is strong, but the expression is by no means a sudden drop, but a low-down, tactful and contagious poem.
Answer: B (Looking forward to news from friends, but also worried that it is difficult for swan geese to fly due to the thousands of miles away and numerous obstacles)
Introduction to the author
Du Fu (712-712) 770), with the courtesy name Zimei and his nickname Shaoling Yelao, also known as Duling Yelao, Duling Buyi, Han nationality, his ancestral home is Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei), and is generally believed to have been born in Gong County (now Gongyi, Henan). A great realist poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His representative works include "Three Officials" ("Xin'an Officials", "Shihao Officials", "Tongguan Officials"), "Three Farewells" ("Newlywed Farewell", "Elderly Farewell", "No Home Farewell"), etc. The grandson of Du Shenyi, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, official Zuo collected the artifacts. After he entered Shu, his friend Yan Wu recommended him to be a staff officer of Jiannan Jiedu Mansion and a member of the school's Ministry of Industry. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. He was concerned about the country and the people, and had a noble personality. He wrote more than 1,500 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite. He was honored as the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations.
Du Fu is a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty of my country and a world cultural celebrity. It experienced the process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu and Li Bai are collectively called "Li Du". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, who are "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Li Du", and Du Fu is also often called "Old Du". Du Fu and Du Mu are distant relatives, and they are both descendants of Du Yu, the general who destroyed Sun Wu in the Jin Dynasty (Du Fu is the 20th grandson of Du Yu). In Du Fu's middle age, because of his melancholy poetic style and concern for the country and the people, Du Fu's poems were called "the history of poetry". Although Du Fu was not known to the world at that time, after later research, his works ultimately had a profound impact on Chinese literature and Japanese literature. About 1,500 of his poems have been preserved, and the collection of his works is "Du Gongbu Collection". His influence on Chinese classical poetry was profound. He was called the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations and his poems were called "epics". For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 Tang Poems column of "Station".
Du Fu’s poetry is famous for its ancient style and rhythmic poetry, with various styles. The four words "depressed and frustrated" accurately summarize the style of his own works, and the main style is melancholy. Du Fu lived during the historical period when the Tang Dynasty was transitioning from prosperity to decline. His poems mostly dealt with social unrest, political darkness, and people's suffering. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's suffering at that time, so they were known as the "history of poetry." Du Fu was concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills.
Du Fu wrote more than 1,500 poems in his life, many of which are famous poems that have been passed down through the ages, such as "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", and there is "Du Gongbu Ji" handed down to the world; among them, "Three Officials" is "Shihao" Officials", "Xin'an Officials" and "Tongguan Officials", the "three farewells" are "Newlywed Farewell", "Homeless Farewell" and "Elderly Farewell". Du Fu's poems have the largest and most widespread circulation among Tang poems. He is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty and has a profound influence on later generations.
Jin Shengtan, a literary critic in the early Qing Dynasty, compared Du Fu's poems with Qu Yuan's "Li Sao", Zhuang Zhou's "Zhuangzi", Sima Qian's "Historical Records", Shi Naian's "Water Margin", Wang Shifu "The Romance of the West Chamber", collectively known as "The Book of Six Talents". In contemporary times, Du Fu's loyalty to the country and concern for the people have been reinterpreted as the meaning of nationalism and socialism, and he himself has been appreciated by modern researchers for using the "language of the people."
Du Fu is not only famous in China, but also famous overseas. In 1481, South Korea translated Du's poems into Korean and called it "Explanation of Du's Poems and Proverbs". His influence on Japanese literature was relatively late, and until the seventeenth century he was as famous in Japan as he was in China. Du Fu had a particularly profound influence on Matsuo Basho. Du Fu is also the favorite writer of American writer Kenneth Rexroth.
Chinese-English Translation
Li Bai is pregnant at the end of the day
Du Fu
A cool breeze rises at the end of the day, what do you think of a gentleman?
When will the swans arrive? There will be plenty of autumn water in the rivers and lakes.
The article hates fate and is full of charm.
In response to the words of the wronged soul, I sent a poem to Miluo.
TO LI BAI AT THE SKY SEND
Du Fu
A cold wind blows from the far sky....
What are you thinking of, old friend?
The wildgeese never answer me.
Rivers and lakes are flooded with rain.
...A poet should beware of prosperity,
Yet demons can haunt a wanderer.
Ask an unhappy ghost, throw poems to him
Where he drowned himself in the Milo River.