Shen Yue was born into a noble family. In history, there is a saying that "Jiangdong is a nobleman and Mo Qiang is sinking", and its family social status is prominent. Grandfather Shen Linzi, General Song. Father Shen Pu, the satrap of Huainan in Song Dynasty, was punished in the last years of Yuanjia. Shen Yue is lonely, poor, studious, knowledgeable and good at poetry. Shi Lisong Qi Liang. Joined the army in Song Shiqi's room and served as a minister.
He is the author of Jin Shu, Song Shu, Miracle, Gao Zu Ji, Er Yan, Shi Example, Song Wenzhong Zhi, and Si Sheng Pu. Except Song Shu, most of his works are dead.
1 characters' early life experiences
Shen Yue was born into a noble family. In history, there is a saying that "Jiangdong is a nobleman and Mo Qiang is sinking", and its family social status is prominent. Grandfather Shen Linzi, General Song. Father Shen Pu, the satrap of Huainan in Song Dynasty, was punished in the last years of Yuanjia. Shen Yue is lonely, poor, studious, knowledgeable and good at poetry.
Three dynasties were officials.
Joined the army in Song Shiqi's room and served as a minister.
In "Qi Shi Zuo Cheng Shang Shu General Sima", it was ordered by Prince Xiao Changmao. "I met it myself, and every time I saw it, I came out with an oblique shadow." Jingling Wang Xiaoliang purple, open Xifu recruiting talents. Shen Yue is one of the "Eight Friends of Jingling" and is a friend of Xie Tiao.
On the occasion of the Zen Dynasty in Qi and Liang Dynasties, he helped Liang Wudi Xiao Yan plan to seize Nanqi and establish the Liang Dynasty. He once served as the imperial edict of Liang Wudi. Xiao Yan thinks that Shen Yue and Fan Li have made their own achievements. Xiao Yan named him Jianchang Hou, and named him Shangshu. Later, he moved to Shangshu and led the prince to be a youth.
old age
Have bad blood with Liang Wudi in his later years. Twelve years (5 13), he died of fear at the age of 73. A letter was sent to the official, giving 50,000 yuan and cloth 100 horses. A secretary asked Shen Yue to give a brief introduction to Shen Yue. Liang Wudi said, "If you are full of feelings, you will be hidden." So it was changed to "hidden". Tian Jian died on August 15th, 12th, and was buried in Lincun (now Baizitang, Qunyi Village, Xin 'an Town, Deqing County, Zhejiang Province). Shen Yue met the famous Taoist Tao Hongjing before his death. After Shen Yue's death, Tao Hongjing mourned his friend Shen Yueshi's poem "I have a few lines of tears, which have not fallen for more than ten years. Today is the end of my life, before the autumn wind ",which should be a portrayal of Tao Hongjing's painful mood.
2 Character thinking
Shen Yue is an active defender of the theory of "God is immortal". Buddhism prevailed in the Southern Dynasties, but there were also anti-Buddhist fighters. Ye Fan, a historian in Liu and Song Dynasties, was an atheist. During the reign of Xiao Qi, Wang Xiaoliang of Jingling "believed in Buddhism", while his official and atheist thinker Fan Zhen "claimed that there was no Buddha".
In the sixth year of Tian Jian, Liang Wudi (507), Fan Zhen's theory of annihilation was made public, which had a great influence. Liang Wudi is an emperor who worships Buddha. He mobilized more than 60 nobles to besiege Fan Zhen, but Fan Zhen never backed down in theory, which shows his atheism firmness. In this fierce ideological debate, Shen Yue successively wrote the following articles: Answering Shu Yun's theory of destroying the gods by Fan Zhen, the theory of form and spirit, the theory of immortal immortality, the theory of destroying the gods by Fan Zhen, the significance of six ways to become Buddhas, and the significance of karma.
It is a sophistry for Shen Yue to explain the difference between form and spirit with immortality and death. Advocate "shaping can live forever." His theory of "immortality of gods" also has a strong color of secular hierarchy, that is, the "gods" of "saints" can live forever, while the "gods" of "mortals" still need to be eliminated. This is obviously using the theory of immortals to "prove" the "rationality" of the realistic hierarchical society. Religious concepts and hierarchical concepts are combined here.
Shen Yue's Preface to Neidian and Preface to Buddhist Scriptures are also preaching these views repeatedly. In the Book of Song Dynasty, some of this view appeared directly in the efficacy stories of Buddhism, and some appeared in the preaching of "destiny".
3. Major achievements in historiography
Shen Yue is very gifted in historiography. In addition to the Book of Song Dynasty, the Book of Jin 1 10, Miracle, 20, and Gaozuji 14.
1, creative experience
Before Shen Yue, some people had begun to write the history of Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. He Chengtian was the first person to write the history of Liu and Song Dynasties. When he was in Song Wendi, as a writer, he drafted records and biographies of Song history, astronomy, legal calendar and five elements, among which biographies were only written for some heroes in Song Wudi period. Later, others, such as Shan and Su Baosheng, continued to write the history of the Song Dynasty, but they all gave up halfway. In the sixth year of Song Xiaowu (462), Xu was responsible for compiling the History of Song Dynasty. On the basis of predecessors' works, he wrote 65 volumes of national history, from the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. All these provided materials for Shen Yue to write Song Shu.
In the spring of the fifth year of Yongming in the Southern Qi Dynasty (487), Shen Yue accepted the task of writing the History of the Song Dynasty. It took him less than a year, that is, in February of the following year, to write the Book of Song into seventy volumes. It began at the beginning of Emperor Yi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and finally rose from Song Dynasty to the third year of Ming Dynasty (479 years), recording the historical events in the last years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Liu Song Dynasty. This is the first stage of Shen Yue's writing Song Shu. The second stage is the compilation of eight records and thirty volumes of Song Shu. Judging from the taboo of Liang Wudi's father and Liang Wudi himself, The Book of Songs is probably the work of Liang Wudi period. The process of Shen Yue's writing Song Shu is roughly the same.
2. The characteristics of biography
Song books are outstanding in reflecting the characteristics of the times. For example, compared with the previous official history, The Book of Song Dynasty has several noteworthy features.
First, create the form of family heirloom. In the past, biographies of people recorded in historical books were generally not attached to the biographies of their masters and descendants, but the Book of Songs changed this situation by attaching the biographies of descendants to the biographies of their fathers and ancestors. Therefore, most of the characters recorded in Song Shu are landlords of aristocratic families, and the genealogy valued by aristocratic families has also been introduced into the official history. For example, The Book of Songs (Volume 42) and Biography of Liu Mu are followed by biographies of the eldest son, the son of hardship, the son of Mu Zhong, the son of style, the son of style, the second son of Mu Zhi and the son-in-law of Mu Caiyou. Volume 77 Biography of Shen Qingzhi, followed by Biography of Uncle, Biography of Brother Qing, Biography of Seeing the Son of Monk Rong, Biography of Monk Rong Zi Huai Ming, Biography of Xuedi Fa Qing, etc. This kind of family heirloom is quite common in Song Shu. This is a historical reflection of the social atmosphere of landlord rule and advocating family history and genealogy during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Second, create a biography of Rousseau to record the historical events of the Northern Wei Dynasty, just as Wei Shou of the Northern Qi Dynasty wrote a Wei Shu with a biography of Yi Dao to record the historical events of the Southern Dynasties. This is a special historical reflection of the political situation of North-South division.
Thirdly, the Book of Filial Piety is added to the genre biography, which advocates "filial piety" and "filial piety". This is the legacy of the rulers of Wei and Jin Dynasties who advocated "ruling the world with filial piety".
3. Features of the Yearbook
Song Shu's ambition is also very distinctive.
First, Eight Records began in the Three Kingdoms, and some even dated back to the Eastern Han Dynasty, indicating that the author attached great importance to the evolution of laws and regulations. This is a fine tradition of China's historiography. There is a preface to Lu at the beginning of Eight Records, which summarizes the origin of Lu and Song Shu. It is also said that the compilation of records is not easy. The so-called "deep flow is not learned alone; This is a long way to go, and it is too short to transport. " Liang Chao Jiang Yan said: "Without ambition, it is difficult to compile history." His words were repeatedly quoted by later historians, which shows that China ancient historians have * * * feelings on this issue. Preface to Historical Records of the Song Dynasty is a good article that must be read.
Second, The Book of Song Dynasty contains five volumes and four volumes, accounting for almost one-third of the whole chronicle, which is unprecedented in the previous official history. The gentry in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties paid great attention to etiquette. Wang Hong, recorded in Wang Hongchuan, Book of Song Dynasty, said: "Hong Mingmin is thoughtful, based on the will of the people, and he must keep his manners when he expects to make a difference. All movements and calligraphy have been imitated by later generations and are called' Wang Taibao's family law'. " Some history books also say; "Hiro faces thousands of guests every day." It is really a model of Tujia people paying attention to "etiquette". The emphasis on rites and music in Song Shu is a reflection of this social atmosphere. Thirdly, The Records of Counties and Counties in Song Dynasty describes in detail the specific situation of the northern population moving south and overseas Chinese setting up counties and counties since the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is an important document reflecting the changes in population and regional construction. Preface to County Records; "The geography is uneven, and its details are difficult to mention. In fact, it is due to the sudden name change, repeated division of territory, or the division of a county into four or five. Between the fourth and fifth, there is a strong clutch, and everything will never change. Qiaoli is not counted, and it is not easy to learn. " The social unrest at that time can be seen here. Fourth, Fu Ruizhi was founded. From ancient times to Liu and Song Dynasties, many grotesque things were listed, and it was preached that "where there is an order, there must be a sign, and heaven should have it". So it has more dross. However, it also talks about some natural phenomena, which are not completely worthless from today's scientific point of view. After his contemporaries, others wrote The History of Liu and Song Dynasties, but they were all lost. Therefore, the value of Song Shu becomes more and more important.
However, Shen Yue held important positions in Liu Song, Xiao Qi and Xiao Liang in the Southern Dynasties, so when he wrote The Book of Songs for Emperor Wu of Qi, he was an official in the Song Dynasty and avoided many historical facts from Song Xiaowu to Song Dynasty. Cai Dongfan, a historian of the Republic of China, once thought the Book of Songs was mysterious.
Literary achievements
Shen Yue has both poems and essays. At that time, many important letters were written by him, and he had great expectations in the literary world at the time of Qi and Liang Dynasties. "Southern History" said: "Xie Xuanhui is a good poet, Ren Yan is a good writer, and he has both, but he doesn't pass." Zhong Rong's Poems classified Shen Yue's poems into Chinese, and commented: "Liang Zuo Guanglu Shen Yue. When you look at other parts of the literary system, five words are the best. Through the detailed introduction of Shen Yue's literary style and the in-depth study of other theories, we can have a deeper understanding of Baoming Garden. Therefore, I am not idle in economics, but good at settling grievances. Yongming, Wang Xiang, Elvin, Wang Yuan, etc. Are closely related to it. About the time when Xie Tiao was not rich, Jiang Yan was exhausted and Fan Yun had a small rank, so it was called Juebu. Although the article is not as beautiful as the work, it is also a temporary choice. See Lu again, chanting into a voice. Rong said that there are many books about it, and now it is the first time to get rid of sex and get the essence. Therefore, when the word is denser than the paragraph, the meaning is shallower than the river. "
Among the poets of "Yongming Style", Shen Yue occupies an important position. Zhong Rong summed up Shen Yue's poetic style with "understanding". This feature is mainly manifested in his landscape poems and farewell poems.
Compared with the contemporary "two thanks" and others, Shen Yue's landscape poems are not too many, but they are also fresh, but they often reveal a sad mood. For example, the scenery in Deng Xuan Chang Lou is fresh and natural, especially the capture and description of the scenery changes, which makes the realm of poetry have a dynamic trend. His "Autumn Morning's Yearning for the Sea and the Longing for the Return" shows readers the sea and sky scenery with a vast and lofty realm. Judging from the title of the poem, the vastness of the sea and the sky reflects the feelings of "hating" and the thought of "homesickness". This kind of poem is also excellent in Qi Liang's landscape poems. In addition, like "the sun shines on Qingqiu Island, and the dust rises in Handan. The river moves to the forest bank, and the rock is deep and smoky "("Zhu Fang Road "); "Mountains overlap far, bamboo forest near the cage. Soak your chest in cold water and take off the breeze "("Wandering the Spirit Road and Closing the Stone "); "Long branches sprout purple leaves, and Qingyuan is covered with moss. Poems describing mountains and rivers, such as "Mountains and Rivers Floating, Spring is Cold" ("Pan Yongkang River"), are refreshing.
Shen Yue's farewell poems also have the characteristics of "clearing the grievances", such as "Farewell to a Safe City", which is praised most by later generations. Comparing the differences between youth and old age now contains profound and rich sentimental feelings; The last two sentences use the allusions of Sharla Cheung and Gao Hui during the Warring States Period, which makes the parting even heavier. The language of the whole poem is simple and plain, but the emotional expression is sincere, deep and euphemistic, and it is unique in artistic skills. Shen Deqian commented on this poem: "A piece of true qi flows out, and every sentence turns, and every word is vigorous. It is not far from the' Nineteen Poems'. "
In Shen Yue's mourning poems, the color of "clearing grievances" is more prominent, such as "Mourning Poems". In the first half, eternal nature is used to set off the sorrow that life is fleeting and never returns; In the second half, sad feelings and bleak environment merge into one place, and the situation is mixed, and sadness is overwhelming.
Apart from the sadness of parting, Shen Yue's works expressing feelings, such as Climbing to the Top and Looking at Spring, Ancient Meaning and Wounded Spring and Autumn Night, and other Yuefu poems, such as Lingaotai, Thinking and Yeyequ, are all excellent works of Shen Yue, all of which have the style of "clearing up grievances".
Phonological theory
During the reign of Qi Yong in the Southern Dynasty, Buddhism prevailed, and the Sanskrit of Buddhist scriptures had a certain influence on the emergence of the four tones. Zhouyi wrote "Four Tones Cut Rhyme" and put forward four tones playing together. Shen Yue, together with Xie Tiao, Wang Rong, Fan Yun and others, combined the division of four tones with traditional poetry rhyme and rhyme knowledge, and stipulated a set of prosodic defects that should be avoided in the creation of five-character poems, namely "eight diseases" recorded in later generations. That is, flat head, upper tail, bee waist, crane knee, big rhyme, small rhyme, side button and straight button, and the specific causes of the eight diseases are different. The theory of "four tones and eight diseases" laid the foundation for later modern poetry.
4 main works
He is the author of Jin Shu 1 10, Song Shu 100, Miracle 20, Gao Zuji 14, You Yan 10, and Historical Examples. Except Song Shu, most of his works are dead. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Jian compiled the Postscript of Shen Yin in the Collection of Famous Masters of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. There are Gao Songfu, Beauty Fu, Mourning Poems, etc.
5 personality assessment
Cai Xingzong: Shen Jishi is a model of human relations and should be a good teacher.
6 historical records
Biography of Liang Shujuan Thirteen Seven
Biography of Shen Yue's Southern History
7 anecdotes and allusions Shen Yue waist.
Shen Yue was emaciated in his later years. There is a phrase "Shen Yao Pan Bin kills time" in the words of the famous poet Li Yu, which refers to Shen Yue. Later, Xia Wanchun, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, also wrote a poem, "The wine glass always thinks of pottery, and the belt is around Shen Lang." This slender waist man refers to Shen Yue.
Concentrate and study hard.
Shen Yue has been studying hard since he was a teenager. He must review what he has read during the day and at night. His mother is worried that his body can't bear such hard study, so she often cuts down the lamp oil for him and removes the fire for him to keep warm early.
Shen Yue, a young man, learned a lot from other countries, wrote excellent articles and became interested in history. It took him twenty years from his twenties to finally write a history of the Jin Dynasty. Unfortunately, this Jin history has not been handed down.
Books and old facts
Shen Yue likes classical literature and has a rich collection of books. In his later years, he collected 20,000 books (he had120,000 books in Lake Records), and Liang Shu called him the "Moby Capital". Learning is as famous as Ren Fang. Thanks to his poems and Ren Fang's meticulous brushwork, he has both. After Ren Fang's death, Emperor Wudi sent him and He Zong to Ren Fang's house to check the bibliography, and when there was nothing in the government library, he went to Ren Fang's house to get it. After that, most of his books were presented to Wang Yun. I am willing to award prizes and lag behind. I strongly recommend Liu Xie and Wang Yun.