Pen, ballpoint pen, pencil, penknife pen, toothpick pen, chopsticks pen, capillary pen and so on are commonly used in hard pen. Except for the brush. Being able to write a good hand must be very fulfilling and enviable. How to practice?
1. Which font should I start practicing?
The traditional way to learn calligraphy is to start from Tang Kai, and practice Nanbei Han Liqin seal script on the basis of writing regular script in reverse time. Another way of thinking is that starting from the immature characteristics of young people's hand muscles, we can start from Qin Zhuan, which has not changed much, from cursive script to regular script. These two concepts have their own reasons. However, I think the hard pen calligraphy we learn is essentially different from the brush calligraphy mentioned above. We can't follow its practice method, and we can't be confused by the traditional concept of learning brush first and then learning hard pen. Hard pen is widely used now. If you can't write China's calligraphy well, you can still write well. There is no need to take a detour.
What font should I practice in hard pen writing? In my opinion, starting from the characteristics of young people's hand muscle development and the characteristics of uniform strokes and less changes in hard pen calligraphy, we should start with fonts that never require fast strokes and heavy changes. It is best to print in bold. The beauty of this font mainly lies in its structure. We can master the structure of fonts by trying to figure out and analyzing bold. On this basis, you can choose your favorite font according to your personality and hobbies and practice hard.
2. What should I practice when practicing calligraphy?
First of all, practice your eyesight, that is, read the posts carefully. Huang Tingjian, a calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, said: "The ancients learned to write, not all of them copied. They often hang ancient calligraphy works on the wall, watch them intently, and decide to start writing. " Ou Yangxun in the Tang Dynasty found the inscription written by Suo Jing in the Jin Dynasty, and was reluctant to leave, so he sat down and read it for three days. The more posts you read, the higher your horizon, and you will know how to write. There is an idiom called "eyes are superior but eyes are inferior". I think: eye height is the premise of hand height. If you can't find beauty, you don't know what beauty is, let alone create it. Many students think that scribbling is the so-called running script, and the reason why ugliness is beautiful is because "the eyes are superior and the eyes are inferior."
Secondly, we should practice our brains or our hearts. On the basis of careful observation, we should keep well-written model figures firmly in mind and engrave their glyphs deeply in our minds. Whenever the word is mentioned, we can immediately guess the shape of the word on the copybook. Do it with confidence and words in your heart.
Third, we should practice our hands. Practice your eyes and brain to find out how to write words. You can think of the best effect of words in your mind, but it may not be written in your hand, because your brain may not be able to command your hand, and your hand may not be able to command your pen. Hand training is to achieve the consistency of heart and hand and handwriting, so hand training is also very important. Hand training mainly refers to strength, wrist strength and hand feeling. If you write for a long time, you will feel sore fingers, sore wrists, hands that don't work, and exercise more. This phenomenon will disappear. Students who often help teachers copy questions on the blackboard and students who run blackboard newspapers often write quickly and well. This is how their finger strength and wrist strength are trained. Also pay attention to practice the sense of touch, let the brain command the hand, and feel that the pen has become a part of the hand and an extension of the hand. Hands can easily command the pen, think fast, think slow, think light, think heavy, and write whatever effect you want.
Fourth, we should practice structure, because the key to practicing Chinese characters is to master the structure of Chinese characters. The structure of a word refers to the proportion of stroke length and the relationship between strokes. Xie Xiaodong sang in the song "China People": "The favorite character is the square character taught by Mr. Wang, and the square character should be like him …" The square character summarizes the structural characteristics of Chinese characters. I have mastered the structure of Chinese characters, and I have written square and beautiful bold characters. With a little change of strokes, I can write Chinese characters in various fonts, such as Song Ti, Wei Ti, Kai Ti, Imitation Song Ti, Pang Ti, Sima Ti and Li Shu. If you can't master the structure of Chinese characters, no matter how the strokes of Chinese characters are decorated and beautified, they are ugly. Therefore, mastering the structure of characters and writing bold characters is the key and foundation for practicing all fonts.
Fifth, we should practice strokes. Many students have practiced calligraphy. Since they began to practice regular script, they have forgotten many writing rules and only remember pens. As a result, the words written are very cumbersome, like ghost symbols. I advocate practicing in bold, mastering fonts and canceling pens. Let me introduce you.
The writing methods of several common strokes and the common problems encountered by most students when writing these strokes;
1 o'clock, the pen is transported from the upper left to the lower right, and there is a pen transport process. Note that "points" are also long and cannot be rounded into points.
(2) Put the pen horizontally and divide it equally from left to right. The key is to be "horizontal and vertical", not high at one end and low at the other, nor wavy. The length should be controlled according to the font of the square characters, not too short or too long.
(3) vertical pen, vertical pen from top to bottom. The key is "vertical to be straight", and it can't be skewed left and right, let alone written as a vertical hook. The length should be controlled according to the font of the square characters, not too short or too long.
(4) Left, from the upper right to the lower left, no dots or horizontal left.
⑤ Folding: When writing a folding pen, the folding angle should be square, not round. Don't put the pen heavily on the corner and write it as two obtuse angles from the shoulder, but as a right angle.
The words written in this way, if written with a ballpoint pen, are small round artistic words similar to matchsticks; If you write with a pen, it is in standard bold type. Although the strokes are monotonous, they are beautiful as long as the structure is accurate. Just like squatting is the basic skill of practicing martial arts, horizontal and vertical is the basic skill of writing Chinese characters. Many people can't write well because they are uneven, vertically arranged and inaccurate in structure. If the structure is wrong, no matter how rich the strokes are, you can't write good words.
3. The general steps of writing.
On the basis of practicing bold type, mastering the structure of words and practicing basic skills, you can choose your favorite font to practice. The process of choosing fonts is called post selection. On the basis of selecting posts, it goes through five steps: reading posts, describing posts, copying posts, carrying posts and creating posts.
The first step is to read the post. We all know the pronunciation of the posted Chinese characters, so we don't need to read them any more. Read what? Read fonts, read structures, read strokes, and analyze the relationship between stroke characteristics and strokes of Chinese characters. For example, when we read the word "Zhong" in bold, we should read that a vertical line of the word "Zhong" passes through the middle of the word "Kou", and the horizontal length of the word "Kou" is slightly flat. The long vertical line in the middle is divided into two sections with the same length by the lower horizontal line of the word "Kou", and the upper horizontal line of the word "Kou" is divided into two sections with the same length. This is an interpretation of glyphs and structures. Different fonts and strokes have different characteristics. The changes of strokes in hard pen calligraphy are not obvious, and it is not easy for middle school students to master them, so I won't say much here.
The second step is tracking. "Tracing" refers to tracing red, that is, beginners use a blue pen to trace the printed red copybook along the handwriting. "Imitation" refers to copying the post, that is, covering the model words with transparent paper and writing them one by one along the shadow of the words on the paper, which is also called writing imitation.
The third step is to post. It means to put the copybook aside and watch the copybook written on the homework paper word by word. This method is helpful to master the brushwork and meaning of Chinese characters, but it is not easy to master the structure of Chinese characters.
The fourth step is to recite the post. Refers to the method of removing the copybook on the basis of copying, recalling the font on the copybook according to your own memory and writing it on the homework paper. This is a key step in practicing calligraphy. Only by carefully examining the words you read and write, can you write accurately. When writing, if you can see the exact font of the Chinese characters to be written on white paper, so that "the words are on the paper and the words are on the chest", it is not a problem to write a good hand.
The fifth step is creation. On the basis of mastering the writing method of the words on the copybook, I learned the writing method of the words not on the copybook by analogy. According to the needs of self-expression, writing a paragraph with center, content and self-contained system is creation.
If you can write a word close to copybook in your daily study and life, the purpose of calligraphy practice for middle school students will be achieved.
4. Precautions for practicing calligraphy
Let me talk about some problems that students should pay attention to when practicing calligraphy:
The first problem is the choice of writing tools. "If a worker wants to do a good job, he must first get his tools." Whether it is a pen or a ballpoint pen, choose a good pen with smooth writing and uniform line thickness. The ink is too light to recognize; The ink is too dark, giving people a sense of oppression. In the exam, it often affects the mood of the marking teacher and causes unnecessary loss of points, so the ink color of the handwriting is blue and black.
The second question: Pay attention to the posture and method of writing when practicing calligraphy. Since most middle school students use ballpoint pens now, I will take ballpoint pens as an example to talk about writing posture and writing methods. When writing with a ballpoint pen, sit in a sitting position, so that your head should be straight, your body should be straight, your arms should be open, and your feet should be safe. Because the words written by ballpoint pen are small, the activity of the pen tip should be in the area with the best visual effect. Generally, the right hand holds the pen, and the position of the pen should be slightly to the right. The eyes are about 30cm away from the paper, and the chest is about10cm away from the table. Stretch your arms naturally and lay your forearms flat on the table. Press the left and right sides of the penholder with the fingertips of thumb and forefinger respectively, the left side of the first joint of middle finger is close to the lower part of the penholder, and the ring finger and little finger naturally bend into a semi-clenched fist shape and then press against the middle finger, which plays a control role in the municipality directly under the central government. The distance between the thumb and the pen tip is about 4 cm. The pen holder leans against the tiger's mouth and forms an angle of 45-60 degrees with the paper. The smaller the word, the bigger the angle. If you write with a pen, you should also pay attention to the outside of the pen tip and the inside of the pen tongue, so that the middle seam of the pen tip touches the paper surface to ensure uniform water discharge and smooth lines.
The third question: you should be calm when practicing calligraphy, and you should not be impetuous and perfunctory from beginning to end. When you write, you should be meticulous, and every stroke should be true. When someone is practicing calligraphy, they like to scribble before they finish. This kind of scribbling is a taboo for practicing calligraphy, which not only damages the life of the pen tip, but also makes the progress just made go up in smoke after practicing for a long time.
Fourth question: Don't change fonts easily. To practice calligraphy, you should have perseverance and perseverance, and you should practice solid basic skills. Practice calligraphy often, you can't fish for three days and dry the net for two days. Note: practice kung fu for one day, not ten days a day. On the basis of mastering the font structure, you can choose your favorite font and keep practicing. Don't change the font easily. Because once you change the font, you have to practice from the beginning.
The fifth question: we should combine learning with application and practice with writing. Some students write well when practicing calligraphy, but they are blind when writing homework. They can never practice writing well. You usually use the words you have practiced, so write as well as you practiced. Only by practicing and using one can both middle schools and schools be used, and the combination of learning and using can be practiced well.
Sixth question: Teachers in all subjects should pay close attention and cooperate closely. One is that teachers should write standardized words, and the other is to encourage students to practice. Students who scribble their homework should be criticized, educated and corrected. It is not only the responsibility of Chinese teachers to urge students to practice calligraphy, but also the responsibility of every teacher.
The second chapter is the main points of practicing calligraphy.
Chinese characters have a long history and are widely used. About a quarter of the world's population is using them, which has not only practical value, but also artistic value. Therefore, calligraphy works are often accompanied by painting, which is the wealth of China culture and is worth cherishing and developing.
First, pay attention to tools.
The main tools for writing are pen, ink, paper and inkstone, also known as Four Treasures of the Study.
(1) According to the hardness of hair, brushes can be roughly divided into three types: rigid fine brush, soft brush and double-sided brush. Just fine brush is more vigorous, and the words written are more vigorous, such as wolf brush; Soft brush is soft, and the words written are rich, such as sheep hair brush; Doubled both brush's pen, on the other hand, is a mixture of just hair and soft hair, such as seven sons and three yang, which combines rigidity and softness. Pay attention to four points when choosing a pen: the nib should be "sharp"; Be "neat" when pressing open; The pen belly should be full and "round"; Bristles are "healthy" and elastic. Use cold water when sending pens, and let everything go with the flow. Please clean the pen after use.
(2) The ink is fine and the gum is light, so it is best to use light smoke. The ink is black, shiny and slightly fragrant. Clean water should be used when grinding ink, and the main point of action is to "press hard and move lightly" in order to make the ink color moderate. The ink will lose its luster after being used overnight. As for the ink sold by modern merchants, try using a piece of paper when buying it. If it is used,
(3) There are many kinds of paper, which can be roughly divided into two categories: strong ink absorption and weak ink absorption. Xuan paper, cotton paper and wool paper have moderate ink absorption and are suitable for writing; As for smooth paper, it is not easy to absorb ink, which is difficult for beginners to control and will hurt the pen. Should be avoided. The paper is afraid of wrinkling, and the ink is not complete. I'm also afraid of the tide, and my handwriting will be scattered. Wrap it in a layer of paper and put it in a dry place.
(4) The inkstone is top grade, fine and moist in texture, and can be used for making ink. Wash the inkstone immediately after use, so as not to accumulate Su Mo and damage the nib.
In addition, some other writing instruments, such as paper paperweights, should be prepared to press paper to avoid wind and slip affecting writing; Pad cloth, use wool fabric to absorb ink under the paper to avoid smoothness, so as not to stick ink and dirty the paper; Pen holder (also known as "pen mountain") is used to stop writing, so that pen and ink are not easily contaminated with other things; Pen curtain (also known as "pen bed"), wrapped with fine bamboo weaving brush, easy to carry, etc. It is essential for those who practice calligraphy with heart.
Second, pay attention to posture.
Writing posture, based on the principle of natural comfort, is generally based on sitting posture. In order to take care of the overall situation, you can also adopt a standing posture. Beginners should pay attention to sit up straight, relax muscles, keep their chest away from the edge of the table, naturally open their elbows outward, put their feet flat, keep their heads straight and lean forward slightly. Usually, they press the paper with one hand, hold the pen with the other hand, look straight at the end of the pen, and take care of the paper with the rest of their eyes.
When writing, we should pay attention to the principle of "pointing to the real and grasping the virtual". Holding a brush is different from holding a pen. The pen holder should be held straight, with the first thumb pressed down and the index finger pressed inward to support the pen body. Then hook the middle finger inward, and the upper part of the ring finger nail abuts against the pen tube to reconcile the strength; Finally, the little finger clings to the ring finger, and the strength can be balanced. From each according to his ability, this is the real "finger"; When lifting the pen, your fingers are bent and your palms are empty, so you can move the pen flexibly.
When writing, we should also pay attention to the wrist method, which can be divided into three types: pillow wrist, lifting wrist and hanging wrist. Wrist hanging, elbow still sticking to the desktop for wrist lifting, suitable for Chinese character writing; As for Chinese characters or cursive scripts with a square character width of more than 12 cm, the wrist hanging method should be used, and the wrist and elbow should be suspended so as to write freely.
Third, pay attention to writing.
"Cloud pen" is the basic writing method of stippling, and there are many methods. We often use the "permanent eight-character method". According to their stroke order, the explanation is as follows:
Method is the starting point. Paddling like a bird flying sideways, divided into three folds, the most taboo.
Round and flat, without edges and corners. When lifting a pen, you should stroke horizontally, point to the lower right and make a swinging gesture; Wait until the ink enters the paper, and then slowly put away the nib.
Lofa: that is, horizontal painting. The strokes should be at both ends of the middle height. Start the pen with the hidden front end to the left and enter the pen, then rotate it to the right, cross the midpoint and press the pen to the end of the stroke. When writing, the ink mark is secretly condensed with the center of the pen, so that the front of the pen is pressed against the paper, and the pen holder leans slightly to the left.
Nufa: This is a vertical painting. When writing, you walk up against the front, then turn around and walk down, slowly and firmly, and finally stop to make a gesture of picking a pen.
Qi Fa: It means to pick a pen. Qie, like jumping, means that the pen looks like jumping, so you have to squat down first to gain momentum. You shouldn't act rashly. You should make your pen as neat and beautiful as silver.
Strategy: short whip to the right. The so-called strategy is to whip a horse, because when writing, the pen tip is lifted upwards, so you don't need to use too much force, just like pushing a horse in the dark.
Sweep method: it is curling to the left, also called distribution. Like combing your hair with a comb, you should quickly leave the front, skim it to the left, send it to the end of the pen, and put it away with a refill; Don't be thin, don't sweep like a brush.
Pecking: it means short to the left. The so-called "pecking" means writing paper, which comes out when it stops in front. Like a bird pecking, it is better to start writing quickly.
Method: From right to bottom, it means "Si". Now it's called "Si". When writing the next stroke, stop at the right, write with the pen tip raised, make a virtual tail, and leave a pen meaning.
In fact, there are not only these eight brushstrokes, but also some changes. All of the above are often used, and mastering the basic stippling can get twice the result with half the effort.
Fourth, pay attention to the structure.
"Structure" refers to the arrangement and combination of two or more stipplings. Each word has a different stippling and shape collocation. When writing, we should take care of the relationship between the size of stroke lines, and the blank space outside the ink color must be evenly balanced. For the words synthesized by the left and right parts, stippling should echo each other, and the font formed by the combination is natural. For the upper and lower parts of the word, we should first look at the size of its shape and arrange it reasonably. In order to avoid the flattening of the font, the stroke size and style should be slightly changed to be vivid, but no matter how the shape of the word changes, the only constant is that the center of gravity of the word should be balanced and stable.
In short, the structure of Chinese characters should be symmetrical, the strokes should be coordinated and the center of gravity should be stable. Only by studying regularly, carefully observing the strengths of others and constantly correcting them, after diligent practice, the fonts will naturally be correct and neat.
Fifth, we should pay attention to copying.
When practicing calligraphy, you must carefully choose the inscription and copy more.
"Pro" is to set up a template next to it, measure the size and situation of words with your eyes, and learn to write; Imitation is covered with tissue paper and described with twists and turns; The two are not the same. The ancients thought: "Writing a book has its meaning, copying a book has its frame."
In ancient times, in order to learn books conveniently, the basic strokes and characters were first printed as red copies for school children to copy, which was called "tracing red" and was commonly used by beginners. As for copy paper, there are so-called "Jiugongge", "Tian Zige" and "Mi Zige", which can be used as a reference for beginners when arranging structures.
"Copying" should be based on famous calligraphy, such as Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and others, which have their own calligraphy characteristics, and can be copied according to learners' pen habits.
Generally speaking, learning Chinese characters should start with regular script, and then practice Chinese characters. Cursive script is very practical and flexible to write, which is convenient for modern life to pay attention to the brushwork meaning connected between upper and lower words. The famous calligrapher Wang Xizhi's calligraphy posts are very smooth and worth copying.
In short, we should practice calligraphy step by step, see more, understand more, practice more, be flexible and changeable, and become more proficient with more practice, so as to reshape ourselves and create our own style!
Finally, I want to tell you that it is not difficult to write beautiful Chinese characters. As long as you practice your handwriting with your heart, you will always succeed. When you see dignified and beautiful Chinese characters flowing from your pen, when you see pages of neat and clear homework being born in your pen, when you see red tick marks and "excellent" in the exercise book, don't you think writing Chinese characters well is also an artistic enjoyment? Let's walk into the art world of China's calligraphy and splash ink with our heart!
The above description is very detailed, so I don't need to say anything more. Hehe, I hope it helps you. )
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