What is copying? What is the relationship between the two?
Copying is the method of imitating calligraphy and painting. There is a difference between copying and copying: copying is to cover the template or photocopy with thin paper and write according to it, which is usually called "writing imitation"; copying is to put the selected calligraphy and the model aside (usually the left calligraphy and the right inkstone), and look at it. The stippling, structure and momentum of the characters imitate writing. Huang Bosi's "Dongguan Yulun·On the Two Methods of Copying" from the Song Dynasty said: "Many people in the world don't know the difference between copying and copying. Lin means putting paper next to the ancient calligraphy, observing its situation and learning it, as if it were coming from the abyss, so it is called Lin. Copying is a kind of imitation that is made of thin paper and copied according to its size. Therefore, it is called copying and imitation. "
Kang Youwei of the Qing Dynasty said in "Guang Yi Zhou Shuang Ji": "To learn a calligraphy, you must imitate it." Then you can learn it. "The steps for learning a book are generally to copy it first and then learn it. Because copying has copybooks and photocopies as a basis, it is easier. Through copying, you can exercise your vision, mind, and writing skills, and initially master the basic rules of pen and structure for calligraphy. When copying, you should not only pay attention to the shape of the strokes, but also pay close attention to the momentum and spirit of the characters. You must observe with your eyes, comprehend with your mind, and copy with your hands, so that the strokes are perfect and avoid mechanical depiction. After copying for a period of time (should not be too long), it should be transferred to the temporary post. Prototyping is more difficult and demanding than copying. It has no support. It is based on one's own vision and mind, and the pen is used to write out the same stipples, structure and spirit as the copybooks and templates. That is to say, it must not only be similar in form, but also similar in spirit. It is an effective method that must be used to learn ancient inscriptions and famous calligraphy into your own hands. It is a basic skill in learning calligraphy. There is no calligrapher in the past dynasties who did not grow up from "lin". Whoever is willing to use his brains and work hard will have great gains and achievements. Coming, including facing and facing. Facing the calligraphy is to face the selected calligraphy and templates and write according to them. The so-called "use the eyes to guide the heart and the heart to guide the hands" to pursue the effect of the calligraphy. Back-to-back refers to memorizing the meaning, use of writing and structure of calligraphy on the basis of facing-to-face, and practicing it without looking at the calligraphy. It is required to be able to write the effect of the temporary writing without looking at the calligraphy. It is an effective way to test your own writing results and real writing ability, further deepen your understanding of the selected texts, and master the selected texts.
Jiang Kui of the Song Dynasty said in "Xu Shu Pu·Copying": "It is easy to lose the position of the ancients when copying the calligraphy, but gain more of the ancients' penmanship; it is easy to gain the position of the ancients when copying the calligraphy, but mostly lose the ancients' penmanship. It is easy to advance when copying the calligraphy. "It's easy to forget when copying a book, whether intentionally or accidentally." This is an experience summary of the advantages and disadvantages of copying and copying. When copying, because there is a shadow frame underneath and the pen follows the shadow, it is easy to get the stipple position and physical structure of the original calligraphy. Precisely because of this support, the expression of brushwork is often ignored when copying. After copying, it is easy to forget and difficult to consolidate. Lin relies on one's own vision and effort to write, and it is easier to reflect the meaning of the original calligraphy. However, because there is no support, it is often easy to distort the position of the original calligraphy. Therefore, both copying and copying should be based on "experience" and should be taken seriously. Copy first and then copy. Copying can also be copied again during copying. Copying and copying should be intertwined and combined with each other to bring out advantages and eliminate disadvantages, and learn from each other's strengths to offset weaknesses. If you keep working hard like this, you can turn the past into yourself and gain the form and spirit of the calligraphy.