Three quatrains
one
The catalpa bungeana tree leans against the rock bank, but it can't fly when cutting new flowers.
It is best to be drunk and the wind blows away, but you can endure the rain when you wake up.
Secondly,
Whether the cormorant will go outside, Sha Tou suddenly looked at his eyes and guessed.
From now on, I know people's wish to come back a hundred times a day.
third
Countless bamboo shoots have grown all over the forest, and pedestrians have been closed in Chai Men.
Meeting must be made of bamboo, and guests will never be greeted with anger.
Vernacular translation
one
The catalpa bungeana tree grows very close to Diaoji, so the newly opened stamens on the tree should not wither soon.
It is better to let the wind blow all this away when I am drunk, so how can I bear to watch it fall apart when I wake up?
Secondly,
A group of cormorants walked outside the thatched cottage for a long time and didn't come back. The sand head suddenly appeared again, and I doubted my eyes.
From now on, cormorants should know how much I like them, and the sky will fly a hundred times.
third
There are countless bamboo shoots in the bamboo forest, so it is important to close Chai Men and cut off the contact between people. The poet doesn't want to associate with the outside world on the pretext of protecting bamboo shoots.
We must carefully protect the growth of the first batch of bamboo shoots. No matter how they blame me when the guests arrive, I will not go out to meet them.
Sentence annotation
1. Catalpa bungeana: a tree that leaves its leaves every spring and has small lavender flowers. Leaning against the fishing ground: it means that the catalpa bungeana is close to the fishing platform.
2. brand-new: brand-new. Failed to fly: it may not have fallen.
3. Endure: How?
4. Cormorant (lú cí): the name of waterfowl. Also known as the Osprey.
5. Shatou: Shore Head. Eye-to-eye guess: unfamiliar eyes; Be suspicious.
6. Know the meaning of people: knowing people is harmless to their intentions.
7. Secret cover: Close.
8. Meet the demand: definitely. Last time: take turns. Look: guards.
9. from Chen (chēn): let the guests blame.
Make an appreciative comment
The first song is mainly about flowers, and the poet cherishes flowers. Poetry begins with the fragrance of flowers. The word "catalpa bungeana" fully expresses the poet's love for flowers and flowers, which is the first foreshadowing for later writing about his love for flowers. In the second sentence, the poet's love for flowers should rest from the fragrance of flowers, but the poet did not write it directly, but changed his angle and turned a corner, starting with flowers. Poets' love for flowers from falling flowers. The words "cut off the new pistil, don't fly" show that he has seen the sorbus falling one after another. At the moment, he guessed that only the flowers that had just opened had probably not fallen. The poet clearly saw the fall of sorbus, but he didn't say it directly; Obviously, the poet's love for flowers is caused by falling flowers, but it is not revealed in his poems. In this way, the feelings are expressed very tactfully.
If the first two sentences of the poem only implicitly express the poet's love for flowers, then the last two sentences of the poem directly express such feelings: "I'd rather be drunk, the wind can't blow away, why bother to endure the rain when I wake up?" I would rather be unconscious in a drunken sleep, and a gust of wind will blow the flowers off, than bear to watch a rainstorm dilute them. People are easy to get hurt when falling flowers, and it is even more embarrassing to witness falling flowers again. Therefore, in these two sentences, one is "not as good as" and the other is "how to endure". This paper compares the poet's feelings about falling flowers in Drunk and Woke Up, and takes a step back first to write the poet's love for flowers in detail, profoundly and vividly.
It is a pity that flowers fall from the world, which is one of the common themes in classical poetry. Although this poem is also such a theme, it has its own characteristics in conception. The poet was already exhausted by the wind and rain, which caused concern about the prospect of newly opened stamens; This kind of worry led to the poet's love for flowers. However, the poem did not write "grateful before meeting" ("Reading"), but started from the idea of "cutting new flowers" and wrote from the imaginary place, secretly writing the scene of falling flowers. The poet's love for flowers, from dark to bright, takes a step back and writes deeply.
The second song is mainly about birds, and it is about the poet's deep affection for birds. Husband and wife friends in the world, separation of acacia. Dreams are often true, and false ones are also true. But once we meet, we often regard the truth as a dream, and it will be difficult to distinguish between true and false. For example, Yan, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in the word Partridge Sky (with colorful sleeves holding a jade clock diligently): "After parting, I remember meeting you. A few times, I dreamed of being with you. I have a silver jar left tonight, and I'm afraid meeting each other is a dream. " In "Three Poems of Qiang Village", Du Fu also wrote such a poem when describing his reunion with his relatives in troubled times: "Holding a candle at night is more like a dream." Although this poem is not all about human affairs, but about the feelings between people and birds, it is quite similar to the above sentence in concept.
The cormorant walked on the beach outside the door for a long time, and the poet missed it very much. The first sentence "Will you come or not" points out this background and writes the poet's longing for the long-lost cormorant. It is precisely because of the poet's deep affection for the cormorant that when the second sentence of the poem reads "I suddenly saw the sand head", I can't help but "an eye for an eye" and wonder if my vision is wrong. A long-lost surprise jumped from the paper, and the surprise was beyond words. At this moment, he doubts fallacy with truth, which shows that when he always misses cormorants, he takes fallacy seriously. This sentence really makes the poet's feelings crazy and vivid.
At this time, the poet's deep affection for cormorants could not be suppressed. Facing a long-lost cormorant, we can't let it fly away again. In the poet's mind, how to bear the pain of "going or not" again? Therefore, in the last two sentences of the poem, the poet exhorts: "If you want to know what people want from now on, you must come back a hundred times a day." From now on, you should know that I am willing to be your friend and want to see your mood often, so come to this beach every day. The last two sentences are a stroke from a distance, which vividly describes the poet's deep affection for cormorants.
In China's classical poems, when describing the relationship between things and me, many poets often adopt the method of empathy with things, giving some heartless things a human touch. This expression is adopted in the last two sentences of this poem. In the poet's pen, cormorants in nature seem to be able to think and communicate with people. That's why he said so much to the cormorant, and he spoke from the heart.
This poem goes from the poet's longing for the cormorant's "coming or not" to the sudden "eye-to-eye conjecture" of Sha Tou; From watching the surprise for a long time, to worrying about "coming or not" in the future, and then to the diligent reminder of "one hundred times a day", the poet's love for birds is written step by step, which is very real. Write the poet's various psychological activities in great depth and detail. Reading the whole poem, although the language is as plain as spoken language, it is full of charm and interest.
The third song is about bamboo and the poet's love for bamboo. "Countless bamboo shoots are full of forest life", and the poem begins with bamboo shoots full of forest. "Countless" and "full of forest" write the scene of bamboo shoots flourishing and show people a picture full of vitality. Between the lines is filled with the poet's unparalleled joy in this natural scenery.
The poet knows that the spring bamboo shoots in front of him can neither be seen by people nor be delicious at people's banquets. Because today's bamboo shoots are another day's new bamboo; Today, bamboo shoots are springing up all over the forest, and we know that there will be new bamboo poles in the future. At this moment, the poet must be carefully cared for. So the second sentence of the poem is written like this: "Chai Men keeps the pedestrian secret." He wants to lock Chai Men up tightly and refuse all guests.
At this point, the poet's intention to protect bamboo shoots is obvious. However, the poet felt that the meaning was still unfinished, so he further declared in the last two sentences of the poem: "When you meet, you must be a bamboo, and the guests will never be angry."
The poet must take good care of these bamboo shoots and let them grow into new bamboo. I'd rather let the guest blame himself than go out to see him in person. The last sentence of the poem not only points out the reasons why the poet carefully protects bamboo shoots, but also writes the poet's vision for the future. How I hope this spring bamboo shoot will grow into a new bamboo in the near future. The next sentence in the poem, "Guests will never go out to welcome them", is in line with "Chai Men's secretive move". Here, the poet used the word "away from anger" before "not going out to meet", which deeply wrote his determination to concentrate on protecting bamboo shoots.
According to legend, Wang Huizhi, the son of Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher in the Jin Dynasty, was very fond of bamboo. He heard that there was a good bamboo house in Wuzhong, so he drove there until he looked at it under the bamboo in the yard, "satirizing for a long time." Please sit down when the master sweeps, but he doesn't care. When he went, the host closed the door (see the biography of Wang Xizhi in the Book of Jin). Therefore, there is a poem "Why should a bamboo ask its owner" in Tang poetry) and Wang Wei's "Traveling with Pei Di in Coco Xinchang in spring"). Du Fu reversed the relationship between subject and object here, and secretly used Wang Huizhi's story without any trace from the beginning of "the subject and object don't communicate with each other". Clever conception, wrote the poet's love for bamboo shoots and hsinchu.
The whole poem is about bamboo, but it begins with bamboo shoots; It's about loving bamboo, but we should start with loving bamboo shoots. From bamboo shoots to bamboo, the poet's love for bamboo is not vague, but deep. It is particularly worth mentioning that the poet's love for bamboo in the poem is not expressed by some abstract words, but by concrete actions such as "Chai Men kept the pedestrian secret" and "the guests never went out to meet them". In this way, the poet's feelings are particularly real, particularly real and particularly touching.
Creation background
These three quatrains were written in the spring of the first year of Baoying in Tang Daizong (762), and Du Fu often turned his attention to nature. Flowers by the river and Hsinchu in the garden became the objects of Du Fu's lyric, and three quatrains expressed this life.
Brief introduction of the author
Du fu (7 12 ~ 770), with beautiful words, tried to call himself "Shaoling night old". Take Jinshi as an example. He used to be a foreign minister in the school department, so he was called Du Gongbu internationally. He is the greatest realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is known as the "poet saint" after the Song Dynasty, and is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. His poems boldly exposed the social contradictions at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the poor people. Many excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry". In art, he is good at using various forms of poetry, especially rhythmic poetry; Various styles, mainly depression; Refined language with high expressive force. There are more than 1400 poems, including Du Gongbu Collection.