The degree of abstraction depends on the need of expression. Specific examples can use basic words, and abstract words can be used to express the principle of abstract generalization, but try to avoid "slang" in small circles. Abstract vocabulary is sometimes just a concept of enjoyment in a small field, which is easy to confuse readers. If necessary, you can add examples and definitions.
In order to express a sentence clearly, the subject and predicate should be: first, the subject should be specific, not too long. The subject is preferably a specific person, thing or thing. For example, "the problems brought about by modernity are hotly debated in every society", rather than "everyone is discussing the problems brought about by social changes". The word "modernity" is too abstract, while "everyone" is relatively specific. The second sentence "modernity" is replaced by "problems brought about by social changes", which makes the whole reading clearer.
Ask questions about nouns and verbs. Whenever you come across a very general term, you can ask: What kind? For verbs, ask: how? For example, to improve governance performance, you can ask: (1) What kind of governance performance? (2) How to improve? Asking questions in this way helps to concretize the problem, that is, sink a layer. For example, you need to translate the abstract and general term "governance performance" into "the government responds to people's needs in public services", which will be more clear.
Secondly, the predicate is a verb, not an abstract verb, so try not to use "yes". For example, "She is a polite person" is not as good as "She is considerate in manners".
Finally, the subject-predicate object should be connected quickly, and there should be no complicated brackets. Subject and predicate are the main body of the story. Without these two, the meaning of the whole sentence is unpredictable. The subject and predicate of the story should be placed in a relatively easy-to-find position, not submerged in vocabulary. By adjusting the structure, try to move the text between the subject and the predicate to the back. For example, "After many twists and turns, various rumors, the Queen is pregnant" is not as good as "After many twists and turns, various rumors, the Queen is pregnant". The previous sentence makes readers need to struggle to find the predicate, which reads like a sore throat.
If you want to make the relationship between sentences smooth: first of all, sentences are connected. Just like idioms solitaire's game, we need to play sentence solitaire. The end of the previous sentence and the beginning of the next sentence should be synonyms or synonyms, so that they can be connected end to end. If you abandon the first sentence and talk about different things in the second sentence, then readers will feel a serious separation.
Information presentation conforms to the laws of the human brain. Put the old information in front and the new information in the back; Put the concrete in front and the abstract in the back; Before familiarity, after strangeness. This is the law of human cognition, and we can't do anything that goes against it.
The length of sentences must be controlled. Of course, academic expression usually pursues rigor, which means there are many parenthesis, determiners and so on. These all increase the length of the sentence. In fact, we can treat complex parenthesis as a single sentence. If you really can't open it, you can connect it with a semicolon.
Compromise, preferably a combination of long and short sentences. A good expression should be like throwing stones on the floor. All stones, big or small, are in their proper places.
The above are the reading notes of "The Craft of Writing" highly recommended by this book.