This poem is a poem inscribed on Tongguan kiln porcelain in the Tang Dynasty. The author may have been composed by the potter himself or a lane ballad that was popular at the time. It was unearthed from the Tongguan kiln site in Changsha, Hunan between 1974 and 1978. See the second volume of "Supplement to the Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" compiled by Chen Shangjun, Volume 56 of "The Supplement to the Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty", Anonymous Five Character Poems, page 1642, Zhonghua Book Company, October 1992 edition. The whole poem is:
Hang up the long hook every night, and look at the Chu Tower in the morning. Poor lonely moonlit night, Cangzhao shines in the guest's heart.
The holy water comes out of the hot springs and spreads thousands of miles across the Yangtze River. Living in a peaceful country will bring you more blessings in the future.
I think about the future every day and say goodbye to my master. Walking on the mountains and rivers, birds are singing new songs everywhere.
I only worry about the singing birds saying goodbye, but hate to see off many ancient people. After going there, I looked at the bright moon and saw the scenery everywhere.
We have traveled thousands of miles together, but we have not yet arrived. On the 30th day of the month, I miss you all the time.
Thousands of miles away, people return, and the pictures they draw in their hearts are doubtful and the words are finished in a cup. Don't worry about the long future. If you open a pit, you may think it's a sail, chasing the wind.
Small water leads to big rivers, and there are many birds in the deep mountains. The host is good at seeing his guests, and the winding roads also lead to each other.
It is necessary to say goodbye, so why bother talking about hardship. I have been on the morning glory stone, but there are no hoof marks.
There were three battles in January, and there were no rewards or punishments. The general sat down immediately, and the soldiers slept in the snow. The word "mian" does not rhyme, so I suspect there is a mistake. It is difficult to determine whether the original school was renamed "Gui".
Since entering Xinfeng City, I can only smell the aroma of old wine. I hold the piano and get drunk, and lie in Bentangtang all day long.
I have a small heart, no one can say it. Send the wind to blow away the clouds, and speak to the moon in the sky.
What use is there for a man to live in his own country? Every family has Mingyue, but gold is nowhere to be found.
Guests should not go straight into the host's anger. Knock on the door three or five times, and someone will come out.
You were born before I was born, but I was already old after you were born. You hate that I was born late. I hate that you were born early.
The sky and the earth are as flat as water, and the royal way naturally opens. If there are no students in the family, where will the official come from?
There are many distinguished guests at Longmen, and they are all distinguished guests when leaving home. I'm going home today and will see it with the nobles.
The sun and moon are bright in the sky (the sun is shining brightly in the sky), and there are three dragons in May. An inch of your life is worth a thousand miles, but a thousand miles is worth a lot of money. The last character is probably the character "clock".
There is east flowing water above, and there are good mountains and forests below. If the owner lives in this house, he can measure gold.
Buyers will feel depressed, while sellers will feel uneasy. The inscribed poem is on the ampoule and will be read by the seller.
Since I left you, I have always kept my old attitude. Luoyang has a long way to go, and it costs a lot of gold.
Thinking about the new year is like a little water. I urge all those who have gone beyond the ordinary practice to cultivate the fragrance of learning without leaving any traces.
Collection of poems on porcelain from the Tongguan Kiln of the Tang Dynasty
The Changsha Tongguan Kiln of the Tang Dynasty, which is famous both at home and abroad, not only pioneered the new technology of underglaze colored porcelain, but also inscribed poems on the porcelain in a unique way , not only achieved the purpose of decoration at that time, but also left precious cultural heritage to today's people.
The Changsha Tongguan Kiln of the Tang Dynasty was a folk porcelain kiln that has not been recorded in historical records. Dozens of various poems inscribed on the hundreds of artifacts that have been discovered are basically ballads popular in the streets and alleys. The folk customs of Tanzhou in the Tang Dynasty are all highlighted in these porcelain poems. These porcelain poems are not found in the "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty", which is known for its most comprehensive collection of poems, making it particularly precious. These poems can be divided into the following types.
The first one reflects parting and lovesickness. For example: "We have traveled thousands of miles to say goodbye, and we have not arrived at the scheduled time. On the 30th day of the month, there is no night without missing each other." "I am only worried about the singing birds saying goodbye, and I hate that there are so many people in the past. After I leave, I look at the bright moon and see the scenery everywhere." "It's time to say goodbye. It must be divided, why bother to say bitter new (hard), I have passed the morning glory stone, and there is no cry (hoof mark). ""I have a small heart, no one can say it, send the wind to blow away the clouds, and speak to the horizon. "Moon." The poetic meaning of the above four poems is probably to describe the farewell to the wanderer, or to be given to the wanderer by someone else. There are also words about missing the wife and wishing for the moon.
The second one reflects the battles at the frontier. For example: "There were three battles in one day, and there was no reward or punishment. The general sat down immediately, and the soldiers slept in the snow (return)." "Since entering Xinfeng (Feng) City, I can only smell the fragrance of old wine, hold the harp and get drunk, all "I lie in Bentang every day."
Third, it reflects religious thoughts. For example: "Thinking about it will make the year go faster, like a fish in a small water, I urge you to go beyond the ordinary, and your studies will be fragrant." "Holy water comes out of the hot springs, spreads thousands of miles in the new sun, always lives in the land of peace and happiness, and brings more blessings in the future."
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The fourth one reflects the business activities of merchants. For example: "When a person travels thousands of miles away, he paints a picture in his heart. Don't worry about the long future, and dig a hole (navigation) to catch the wind." "The buyer is filled with hatred, the seller is uneasy. Write a poem on the ampoule and show it to the buyer." "Of the above two poems, the former seems to express the business situation of merchants regardless of the long distance and bleak business; the latter reflects the thoughts of merchants selling goods to seek wealth.
The fifth one reflects wanderers and tourists. For example: “Every day I think about the road ahead, I pay homage to my master, I walk through the mountains and rivers, and there are new songs of birds everywhere. "What use is it for a man to live in his own country? Every family has Mingyue, but gold is nowhere to be found." "Small water leads to a big river. There are many birds in the deep mountains. The owner is a good visitor, and the winding road leads to each other." "I hang up the long hook every night, and look at the Chu Tower in the morning. I feel sorry for the lonely moonlit night, and the Cang (long) shines on the guest's heart." "
The sixth one is probably a reflection of the singing house and brothel. For example: "Since you left, I have always kept my old heart. Luoyang has a long way to go, but I still need a lot of gold. "Guests should not go in directly. If the host shouts and knocks on the door three or five times, someone will come out." "You were born before I was born, and I was old when I was born. You hated that I was born late, and I hate that you were born early." "
There are also reflections on other aspects. For example: "There is east flowing water above, and there are good mountains and forests below. The owner has this house, and he works hard to make money every day." "The sky swallows the sun and the moon shines, and there are three dragons in the fifth month. An inch of my body is thankful, but a thousand miles will hit me again." "The mountains are far away and the land is deep. If I had known that today would be difficult, I would have paid more to the painter." "Spring water fills the pond, spring grass grows in spring, spring people drink spring wine, and spring birds chirp." "
The above-mentioned porcelain poems appeared after the "An-Shi Rebellion" in the Mid-Tang Dynasty. At that time, the handicraft economy and commercial economy centered on the city in the south continued to develop in a relatively stable situation, and the industrial and commercial citizen class formed a kind of The rising social power continues to grow in strength and status. It controls the urban economy and brings prosperity to the city. It also constantly breeds new economic and cultural requirements. The Tongguan Kiln is located on the shore of Dongting Lake and on the lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River. With its very convenient transportation conditions, products were distributed in urban centers in Jianghuai, Jiangnan and other places. The poems about urban merchants, singing houses and prostitutes, and wandering travelers on the porcelain were rooted in the soil of urban society and became the center of the Mid-Tang Dynasty. A type of citizen literature emerging during the period. Most of the Tongguan kiln porcelain poems cannot be regarded as elegant. ", and "not keen on Buddhist propaganda". In its creation, it is based on realism, with a clear meaning, unpretentious, easy to understand, and no artificiality. In terms of artistic style, it has absorbed the "Fu, Bi and Xing" elements of Feng Shi. Using this method, he created a new type of porcelain poetry that was needed by citizens and loved by merchants, and was the first porcelain poet to write.
When talking about Tongguan Kiln porcelain poetry, we also think of books not far away from Tongguan Kiln. Tangshan is said to be the place where the great calligrapher Ouyang Xun and his son studied in the Tang Dynasty. There are still relics such as the "Brush Washing Pond" where Ouyang Xun and his son studied the classics diligently and developed unique calligraphy skills. Did they influence hundreds of Tongguan kilns at that time? How about thousands of skilled craftsmen? This needs to be further discussed by experts and scholars.