What you said is a little vague. If you are copying someone else's entire work, you will naturally look carefully for the work you want to copy and feel the arrangement. Specifically, it refers to the overall layout, the density of words, the changes in strokes, white space and non-white space, the continuity of strokes, etc.
If you design the work by yourself, first clarify the style. Is the overall layout open and closed, or should it be conservative and cautious? This has a lot to do with the style of writing you want to write. Usually regular script, official script, and seal script are more regular, while running script and cursive script are quite free and informal.
After that, you need to design the layout, the number of words in the rows and columns, and the space between the sky and the earth. Even if you are writing in cursive script, you must first check the ratio of the size of the paper to the number of words in the content you are writing, otherwise it will be easy to write without enough room for writing. Once you have a rough idea in mind, you can start writing.
The above mentioned factors are the most important factors to consider for novices. Regarding the composition specifically, there is too much relevant knowledge, including the usual sizes and layouts of different work categories, as well as detailed name processing. The most important thing is the sense of beauty. This can only be done by looking at good works and practicing more by yourself. The so-called principles and rules, in the end, all need to be grasped by your own sense of beauty. In fact, today's calligraphy is increasingly breaking the rules, and it's hard to say there are any taboos.
The following is some specific information for your reference.
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Reference 1:
First of all, beginners can only create when they copy the excellent works of their predecessors and master their writing skills. Basic training lacks the constraints of calligraphy laws and cannot be called creation;
Secondly, creation cannot blindly rely on copybooks, but must use skilled techniques and theories to arrange by itself according to one's own aesthetic consciousness. Thus forming the independence and integrity of the work. In short, calligraphy creation is a process of repeated practice, which requires the creator's continuous efforts to explore and practice many times in order to create excellent calligraphy works. 2. The difference between creation and copying: Creation is the result of copying. Only when copying reaches a relatively proficient level can creation be successful. Regarding the differences between creation and copying, the following aspects are elaborated on:
(1) Creation requires independence.
The creative process is actually a process for beginners or calligraphers to get rid of the inscriptions and use the essence of the inscriptions to express their own temperament. It is not difficult for us to see that the works created by those who have no basis in copying will feel that there is no pen and no ink, no echo from beginning to end, and rigid lines, let alone any ups and downs and charm. Although such works have Independence, but it lacks "ink technique", structure and organization, so such creation is meaningless.
(2) Creation is creative and innovative.
In the process of copying, we just blindly pursue the similarity between strokes and inscriptions, and use the template as the criterion. The author's feelings are relatively single, narrow, and often fixed on one point, leaving the author with no freedom to express himself. Consciousness makes the author feel that he has no way to start calligraphy creation. When learning to create, he pays too much attention to the squareness and size of the characters, the similarity with the inscriptions and other shortcomings, which makes the creation a difficult problem.
(3) Calligraphy creation requires courage
Calligraphers need courage and carefulness as criteria. For example, a huge cursive work will not be created without superhuman courage. There are many similarities with the inscriptions on the inscriptions, but it seems to lack innovation; if the creator can get rid of the shackles of the inscriptions and courage, be calm and complete in one go, it will be the best state of creation.
3. Forms of calligraphy creation
After thousands of years of evolution, Chinese characters have formed five types of fonts: seal, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script. Each font is also divided into specific categories. There are many calligraphy styles, such as Wang Xizhi, Zhiyong, Zhao Mengfu and other calligraphy styles. All famous artists and schools have their own unique characteristics. From a creative perspective, the ways of using lines in fonts are different. Seal script and regular script belong to one type of creation, while cursive script belongs to another type. For example, in regular script writing, the writing is slow, each character is independent and does not restrain each other, and the span of ink is small, and the same is true for seal script. Cursive script is exactly the opposite, with flying lines, different sizes, and odd sides. The lines exude a vivid momentum and lingering, tenacious vitality. For example, Zhang Xu's "Four Ancient Poems" Kuangcao, Huang Tingjian's "Zhu Youzuo Tie" and so on.
4. Styles of calligraphy creation
1. In the middle hall, a whole piece of paper more than four feet long is written, usually hung in the hall. It is larger in length. It can have multiple words as the content or one word as the content. It can be arranged according to the needs of the creator. Because the nave is larger, the creation requires the author to have more comprehensive conception and layout skills, and also needs The perseverance to complete the work uniformly from beginning to end, otherwise it will be anticlimactic and lack of spirit.
2. Couplet: also known as couplet or couplet. Generally used on both sides of the door or on both sides of the nave. First, the length of the paper must be the same, but the flat and oblique lines must be in contrast, and third, the upper and lower parts must be connected in the same calligraphy and font creation.
3. Banner: It is narrower than the nave and is usually hung on the gable wall of the house. It is also the most commonly used style in creation. It can be divided into horizontal and vertical sections.
4. Long scroll: also called hand scroll, the length is determined according to the number of words.
5. Doufang: a square or nearly square style, including album pages. It makes people feel energetic, concentrated and compact, but when creating, the author needs to plan the layout, be clever in the layout, and seek changes in the same, so that the aestheticians will not be constrained by the square matrix.
6. Fans: Fans belong to the sketch type and are mostly created with small characters, giving people a small and elegant feeling. You can create according to the shape of the fan.
7. Ruler slips: and letterheads, usually used for writing self-composed poems and correspondence. For example, Wang Xianzhi's "Yatou Wan Tie" and Zhao Mengfu's "Reply to Zhongfeng and Shang Tie" are standard creations that are easy to write and involve ink, but they are very random.
8. List of plaques: Large characters of more than one foot are called list. Lists have fewer fonts and large characters, such as the "Mahatma Hall" in various temples.
5. Title and title
1. The first paragraph: after the work is completed, the name of the person who requested the book will be inscribed, and the last paragraph will be inscribed at a higher position to show that it is respect. If the work is for exhibition, there is no need to write a payment. For example: Mr. ××'s Taiwanese book, etc. If the content is common to people, you don't need to write the source; if it is uncommon, you must indicate the source; a poem by Wang Zhihuan or a copy of Liu Yong's poem.
2. The following paragraph: time + place + name + modest words, such as: Xiaolong studied calligraphy in midsummer of Bingxu year or Xiaolong studied calligraphy in Muzhai in midsummer of Bingxu year. 6. Seal The seal plays a very important role in calligraphy works. Don’t look at the small red block, it is really the finishing touch.
1). Introductory seal (Songzhao, Xianzhang) The seal in the upper right corner of the work is called the introductory seal. Its shape is random and its content is exquisite. Such as ink interest, casualness, indifference and clear ambition, etc. It can be divided into year number seal, month number seal, Zhai title seal, Yaqu seal, etc.
2) Waist badges are generally used on long banners. Only the first chapter seems too empty, so a waist badge can be added. Waist badges are generally smaller than name badges and lead badges.
3) Name seal. Name seal can be divided into surname seal and name seal. There are two types: Zhu Wen and Bai Wen. Under normal circumstances, it is best for the famous seals in a work to be one white and one red, or just have one seal.
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Reference 2:
Construction refers to the overall arrangement of a calligraphy work, also known as Dabubai, or chapter structure, which is an important component of calligraphy art. part. For the artistic requirements of a work, it is not only necessary to write every single word well, but also to turn many words into a complete chapter. Regardless of the space between words, between lines, as well as the head, feet, title and seal, an overall design and reasonable layout must be made. How to arrange the contents of the work, how to inscribe it, and how to stamp it are all part of the rules. The structure of the whole article, leading and leading, echoing from beginning to end, is completed in one go, each expresses its intention, the flow of luck, the ups and downs with the situation, the twist of the pen, the clever arrangement of virtual formations, and the emotional expression are all part of the composition.
Text, style, and seal are the three components of a calligraphy work. These three elements are indispensable for a complete calligraphy work.
1. General principles of composition
Density, size, length, thickness, shade, dryness and wetness, lingering, continuous, far and near, to the back,
virtual and real, Looking, scattered, fat and thin, head and tail, luck, leaning up, ups and downs, recognition, seal.
2. Layout forms of the body of calligraphy works
There are four layout forms of the body of calligraphy works.
That is, there are rows and columns, there are rows and no columns, there are columns and no rows, and there are no columns and no rows
3. Title
Style refers to other words other than the main text of the calligraphy work. It is mainly used to describe the author of the written work, the time and place of writing, etc. Styles are divided into long styles and poor styles according to length; they are divided into upper styles and lower styles according to position. There is no fixed format or absolute position for the signature position. It is interrelated with the main text. The content of the signature can be long or short depending on the situation, but the font size cannot be greatly different and must have a corresponding proportion.
The font used for the inscription follows traditional conventions and in principle abides by the rules of "the present does not surpass the past" and "the movement does not lead to silence". Generally speaking, if the main text is written in large and small seal characters, the inscription should be written in official script or Zhangcao; if the main text is official script or Wei stele, the inscription should be written in regular script or cursive script; if the main text is regular script, the inscription should be written in running script or regular script. This is called "writing from the past to the present" and "writing from the past to the present".
The titles of calligraphy works generally do not use common names but use nicknames (also called elegant titles). For example: "Written in 2002" is a common name, and it should be "Written in Renwu Year".
1/Previous paragraph
The previous paragraph means that someone or a certain unit asked you to write. After the work is completed, the name of the person who requested the book should be inscribed, and this name should be inscribed at a higher position in the paragraph above to show respect. Contents included in the above paragraph: name + title + modest words
(1) Written to elders:
Calligraphy works written to elders are generally called ×× Comrade, Mr. XX, Mr. XX Fang, Ms. XX, Teacher XX. If the elder is over seventy years old, he can be called ××老; if he is over eighty years old, he can be called ××老公.
The writer is a junior, and the elders are generally not addressed by their surnames, but modest words are also added, such as: Zhizheng, Fazheng, Jiaozheng, Zhengzi, Zhengzhi, Zhengzhi, Qingshang, Yagen, Righteousness, correct writing, correct writing. For example: Mr. Shi Nai Qing Shang, Baoxing Fang Jiazheng
(2) Written to peers:
Works written by peers are generally called ××comrades, ××books Friends, dear brother XX, classmate of XX, eldest brother of XX, wise brother of XX, little sister of XX, Xueyou of XX, etc. It should be noted here that common names are not suitable for inscriptions, such as: XX eldest sister, XX second brother, etc. You can also add modest words after the title, such as: cun nian, hui cun, liu mian, liu cun, qing reward, order book, life book and so on. For example: Longevity Book Friend Huicun Jianming Xiandi Yagen
(3) Written to the younger generation:
When writing to the younger generation in calligraphy, the last paragraph can be titled ×× student, ×× Xian Qi, ××’s wise nephew, ××’s beloved grandson, ××’s beloved daughter, etc. For example: In memory of Lizhen's niece
(4) Source of the text: The text of the work includes poems, sentences, aphorisms, aphorisms, etc. The author of these texts or the titles of the sentences should be written like this in the title: Wang Bo Teng Wang Ge In the preface, Du Fu, a poet, wrote about some well-known poems and famous lines, such as: "Reading thousands of volumes, writing like a spirit." You can omit the source and title of the text.
2/Next paragraph
The content of the next paragraph includes: time + place + name (number) + modest words
1) Time
(1) The nickname of the year
The nickname of the year is based on the ten heavenly stems (A, B, B, Ding, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, Gui) and the twelve earthly branches. (Zi,
Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai) are composed in sequence, that is, "Jiazi year, Yichou year,
p>Bingyin year..." It takes 60 years for a "Jiazi year". For example, 2002 is the Renwu year, 2003 is the Guiwei year, and 2004 is the Jiashen year
years, and so on.
(2) Nicknames for seasons
Spring: early spring, early spring, Yangchun, Fangchun, late afternoon
Summer: early summer, mid-summer, late summer, late summer, late summer , midsummer
Autumn: early autumn, golden autumn, third autumn, late autumn, mid-autumn
Winter: early winter, late winter, ninth winter, late winter, mid-winter
3 ), nicknames for lunar months
January: Meng Chun, first month, early spring, Kai Sui, Fang Sui
February: Mid Spring, Apricot Moon, Li Yue, Hua Chao, Mid Spring
March: Ji Chun, Late Spring, Peach Moon, Silkworm Moon, Peach Wave
April: Mengxia, Sophora Moon, Wheat Moon, Wheat Autumn, Qing Moon
May: midsummer, durian month, May month, midsummer, Qinghe month
June: Jixia, late summer, lotus month, summer month, summer summer
July: Mengqiu , Guayue, Liangyue, Lanyue, Lanqiu
August: Mid-Autumn, Guiyue, Zhengqiu, Shuangyue, Guiqiu
September: Season of Autumn, Late Autumn, Chrysanthemum Moon , Yingyue, Juqiu
October: Mengdong, early winter, good month, beginning of winter, auspicious month
November: midwinter, smooth month, mid-winter, snow month, Cold Moon
December: Jidong, late winter, twelfth lunar month, ice moon, twilight moon
The first to tenth day of each month are called Shanghuan, and the eleventh to twentieth of each month are called Zhonghuan. , It is called Xia Huan at twenty to thirty every month. For example: In the year of Jiazi, the laurel moon rises.
When answering questions about time, it is easy to mix the lunar calendar and the Gregorian calendar. For example, June of 1985 cannot be written as the lotus month of Yichou year, because June of the Gregorian calendar is May of the lunar calendar.
2) Place:
When writing the title, the place should be written as usual, using an elegant name instead of a common name. For example: the book is written in Xicheng Meat Shop, Beijing. This type of place is a common name. However, if the title is in Early Spring Hall and the book is in Hongbin Tower, it is acceptable.