The Yuan Dynasty had a vast territory and the country was unified. The extensive cultural, scientific and technological exchanges between the Han nationality and ethnic minorities are unprecedented in the ancient history of China. The contribution of ethnic minorities in culture and science is a valuable part of the cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. In the Yuan Dynasty, many minority writers, translators and scientists wrote in their own languages. In terms of culture and art, ethnic minorities in the Yuan Dynasty had many creations of their own. As far as minority works are concerned, 1240 published the Secret History of Mongolia for the first time. It is a famous Mongolian classic, the first precious historical document of the Mongolian people to narrate the national history in Uighur Mongolian, and also a literary masterpiece integrating ancient Mongolian folk poems, legends and novels. This book is the most reliable basis for us to study the early Mongolian history today. Minority songs and dances have been introduced to the mainland for a long time. After the Yuan Dynasty, this kind of song and dance spread more widely in the mainland. As early as Genghis Khan, Xixia music was deeply loved by Mongols. Later, with the expansion of the territory ruled by the Mongolian regime, Hui musical instruments and performers also entered the mainland. Especially in the court of the Yuan Dynasty, there were three kinds of fine music, namely Han, Hui and Xixia, each with three teams, each with 324 people. This is a very big band. For people, enjoying the songs and dances of the western regions has become a kind of public enjoyment. Ibn battuta, a great African Moroccan traveler, came to the Yuan Dynasty and witnessed the grand occasion that western music was deeply loved by Hangzhou people. Many ethnic minorities living in the mainland have mastered culture. Therefore, the minority poets who were engaged in writing in the Han culture in Yuan Dynasty were Mazuchang, Guwang, Sadula, Ding Henian, and Huihe Yunshi Haiya. Among them, Sadulla's poems have various styles in later generations, all of which are open and passionate, and Tang did not ask for the opinions of his predecessors. His "Niannujiao Dengshi Town" is very bold. This is an ancient lyric poem, quite in the style of Su Dongpo. The first half of the word "Red Cliff Nostalgia" is: In Stone Town, overlooking the sky and Wu Chu, the eyes are empty. The prosperity of the Six Dynasties has now gone, leaving only rivers and mountains. The sky is full of colorful flags, clouds are rolling and clouds are comfortable, and bones are like snow. How many heroes have been swept away by the long river of time, only the vast Yangtze River is still rushing eastward. Yuanqu is the representative of metaliterature. Many ethnic minorities have also become famous Yuan Opera artists. There are more than 10 Yuan Opera artists, including Mongolians, Uighurs, Hui people, Tang Wu, Nuzhen, etc. Among them, Jurchen Zhi Li is rich in 12 kinds of zaju, and the existing number is Tiger's Head. Ma Yin, who describes millions of gold medal families such as Shan Shouma who don't listen to his uncle's words, was severely punished for his greed for wine and loss of land, and his law enforcement was weak. There were many minority historians in the Yuan Dynasty. Mongols, Buddhists in Xixia, Haig of Lianhuishan and Salaban participated in the compilation of the three histories of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Some ethnic minorities have translated many of China's works into minority languages. An Tibetan of Uygur nationality once translated books such as Shangshu, Zhenguan Dignitary, Shen Jian, Zi Tongzhi Jian and Materia Medica into Mongolian. Chahan, a Hui nationality, is proficient in many languages. He translated Mongolian into Chinese successively, such as The Story of Jihad, Chronicle, The Story of Taizong Ping Jin, etc. Rendas translated many Buddhist scriptures. The famous minority painters in Yuan Dynasty are Fu who is good at painting Uighur landscapes and Gao who is good at painting Hui landscapes. Bo Yan, a Uighur who is good at drawing dragons, doesn't spend flowers, but he is good at drawing flower paths and roadsides. Among them, Gotha's Chinese paintings were very famous in the Yuan Dynasty, and people often compared him with the great painter Zhao Meng. His works include Yun Heng's spiritual practice and Zhu Mo's stone breaking. Sheng, Uighur, calligraphy researcher, nine volumes of calligraphy works, calligraphy examination. In terms of science and technology, in addition to the famous cotton planting and brewing industry of northwest ethnic minorities, Mongolian horse riding and carpet weaving industry, and Tibetan architecture and textile technology of southwest ethnic minorities, many ethnic technologies have been developed.
In addition, he also wrote the general discussion on river defense, the local records of Zhenyang and the continuation of Dongyang, but most of them have been lost. The medical scientist Sadmish is a Hui nationality. During the Taiding period, he served as a local official in Jianchang. He is very good at Chinese medicine and wrote a book, a classic of western countries. Hui Hui Hu Sihui's Experience Prescription of Ruizutang absorbed the dietary experience of Han, Mongolian, Hui, Nuzhen and other ethnic groups. Many plants introduced in the book provide important information for us to study ancient plants. Hu Sihui's introduction to these plants also reflects his research achievements in medicine, medicine and nutrition in China. Lu Mingshan's Drinking Goodness is one of the three famous agricultural books in Yuan Dynasty. When he was in Anfeng, he made many investigations on the agricultural situation in the Jianghuai area and finally wrote this book. This book is based on Cui Shi's "Summary of the Monthly Plan of Food, Clothing and Farmers", which supplements the deficiency of the monthly order of the Hui people in the early Yuan Dynasty. According to 12 months, the book records in detail what farming should be done and prepared every month, and collects a large number of agricultural proverbs. If you don't have time to move trees, don't teach them to know; Stay overnight, remember the south branch, radish ten plough, horse nine plough and so on. And introduce it to farmers as experience. There are many introductions about the collection and storage of vegetables and the production of kimchi. Huiren Haider is a famous architect. When Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu built Dadoucheng, he designed a new Miyagi. Dadoucheng is located in the northeast of the old town of Liaojin, 60 miles away from Fiona Fang, with 1 1 gates, 9 miles around Miyagi, 35 feet high and 6 gates. It was also a metropolis designed and built by Haider. At that time, it was a world-famous metropolis with neat planning, like a chessboard. The contributions of ethnic minorities to culture and science in Yuan Dynasty are various. Their outstanding achievements fully prove that China's ethnic minorities are hardworking and intelligent, and they have made indelible contributions to China's cultural and scientific progress.