The origin of the surname Wen
There are two sources of the surname Wen. One branch originated from the surname Ji. King Wu of Zhou defeated Zhou and destroyed Shang, and established the Zhou Dynasty. His father Ji Chang was posthumously named King Wen of Zhou. King Wen of Zhou had a concubine who took the posthumous title of King Wen as his surname and was called the Wen family. In addition, during the Warring States Period, there was a Lord Mengchang in the Qi State, who was the grandson of King Wei of Qi. He had three thousand followers and was very powerful. Lord Mengchang's name is Tian Wen, and his descendants have his surname and are called the Wen family. Wen Tianxiang, minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. A famous general and writer of Hang Yuan Dynasty, he was a native of Luling, Jizhou. When the Yuan army went south, he was sent to negotiate in the Yuan army camp as Prime Minister You and was detained. Later he escaped from danger in Zhenjiang. He fled to Fujian and joined forces with Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu and others to resist the Yuan Dynasty. After regaining many lost territories, he was captured by the Yuan army and died unyieldingly. The poem "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" and "Song of Righteousness" he wrote after being captured. It showed his noble national integrity and has been passed down by future generations. Wen Zhengming, a calligrapher and painter of the Ming Dynasty, was a native of Changzhou. He was good at painting landscapes, flowers, orchids, bamboos and people. He mostly depicted gardens in the lakes and mountains in the south of the Yangtze River and the leisure life of literati. His compositions were steady and his brushwork was green and elegant. He was skilled in cursive calligraphy. He could also write in regular script. At that time, many people followed him to learn calligraphy and painting, forming the "Wu School"; he, Shen Zhou, Tang Yin, and Qiu Ying were collectively known as the "Four Ming Schools"; his sons Wen Peng, Wen Jia, and nephew Wen Boren were also Famous calligraphers and painters
This is the case: Wen - Xibo was posthumously named King Wen of Zhou, and his concubine was named Wen Shichang
There are five sources:
1 , comes from the surname Ji, which is a surname named after a posthumous title. According to relevant materials such as "Customs and Customs", in the late Shang Dynasty, the Zhou people living in the Weihe River Basin gradually became stronger. Feeling the threat of Zhou, King Wen Ding of Shang came to find him. He used the excuse to kill Ji Li, the leader of the Zhou people (surnamed Ji). After Ji Li's son Ji Chang came to the throne, he worked hard and won the support of the people of the country. He was named Xibo by King Zhou of Shang Dynasty. Because Xibo's reputation was too high, King Zhou found another excuse to kill Xibo. Imprisoned and later released. After Xibo returned to the Zhou Dynasty, with the help of the wise minister Jiang Shang, he successively annexed Yu, Rui, Li (southwest of today's Changzhi, Shanxi), Chong (north of today's Songxian, Henan) and other countries, and built Fengyi (now north of Songxian, Henan). West of Fengshui River in Chang'an, Shaanxi), as the capital, formed a "three-thirds of the world" situation, and its strength exceeded that of the Shang Dynasty. After Xibo reigned for 50 years, after his death, his son King Wu of Zhou inherited his legacy and completed the great cause of destroying Shang. , established the Zhou Dynasty in the 11th century BC, with its capital in Hao (today's east of Fengshui, Chang'an, Shaanxi Province). He posthumously named Xi Bo King Wen of Zhou. Among King Wen's descendants, some of his descendants took his posthumous title "Wen" as their surname. , called Wenshi.
2. It comes from Wenzi, a general of the Wei Kingdom in the Zhou Dynasty. The vassal states first established their capital in Chaoge (now Qixian County, Henan Province), then moved their capital to Chuqiu (now Huaxian County, Henan Province), and later moved their capital to Diqiu (now Puyang County, Henan Province). In 209 BC, they were destroyed by Qin. During the reign of Duke Xiang of Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a general named Sun Wenzi, who was a very prestigious figure. Some of Sun Wenzi's descendants took their ancestral name as their surname, and were called the Wen family, and they were called the Henan Wen family.
3 , comes from the surname Jiang, after Uncle Jiang Wen, a descendant of Emperor Yan. According to relevant information, at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Wu of Zhou granted Uncle Wen, a descendant of Taiyue, a descendant of Emperor Yan, to Xu (in today's Xuchang City, Henan), and established the Xu Kingdom as a prince with the surname Jiang. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Xu State was forced by Zheng Chu and moved its capital four times. In 576 BC, it moved to Ye (southwest of today's Ye County, Henan), in 553 BC to Chengfu (southeast of today's Bo County, Anhui), and again in 529 BC. Ye, moved to Baiyu (now Xixia, Henan) in 524 BC and moved to Rongcheng (southeast of today's Lushan County, Henan) in 506 BC. In the early years of the Warring States, he was destroyed by Chu (one theory is that he was destroyed by Wei), and his descendants were scattered in all directions. In addition to the original country name "Xu", there is also a surname based on the character of the founding monarch of the Xu Kingdom, Wen Shu, which is the surname Wen.
4. It comes from the surname of (female) and is derived from (female) Man. Yisun is a surname named after a posthumous title. During the Warring States Period, there was a noble named Tian Wen from the State of Qi (now part of Shandong). He was the grandson of King Wei of Qi and was known as Lord Mengchang. He had thousands of followers and was a famous politician at that time. Later, the noble Tian Jia of the Qi State rebelled, and Lord Mengchang fled to the State of Wei (a vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty, north of Ruicheng, Shanxi today), where he served as prime minister and was given the posthumous title Wenzi after his death. Later generations also took "Wen" as their surname, and they became the Shanxi Wen family.
5. Changing the surname out of respect for the surname is taboo. During the Five Dynasties and later Jin Dynasty, in order to avoid the name taboo of Shi Jingtang, the founder of Jin Dynasty, the surname "Jing" was changed to "Wen". For example, Wen Yanbo and Wen Tianxiang in the Song Dynasty, their ancestors (during the Tang and Five Dynasties) all had the surname Jing.
Distribution of the Wen surname
As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people from the Wen clan moved to the Jianghuai area. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, a man from Chu State served as a doctor in the State of Yue, assisting King Gou Jian of Yue. The king and his ministers worked hard to become stronger, and finally destroyed the State of Wu. In the Western Han Dynasty, Lujiang Shu County (now Lujiangxi, Anhui) was a cultural figure who served as the governor of Shu in the last years of Emperor Jing. He contributed to the development of local culture. One of his descendants developed and multiplied in Sichuan. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, the Wen family living in Henan were mainly distributed in Kaifeng, Nanyang, Yongcheng, Gushi and other places. In the southeast of Gushi County, there are ruins of the ancient city of Wen, where cultural relics of the Han Dynasty were unearthed, and it is said that it has been the place where the Wen clan has lived for generations. After the Tang Dynasty, the Wen family was widely distributed across the country and was said to be popular in Shanxi and Jiangnan.
According to research, the surname Wen ranks 100th among the most common Han surnames in China. Recently, there are overseas Chinese with literary surnames in Singapore and other countries.
Junwangtang No.
Tang No.:
Xinguotang, Zhengqitang: In the Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was the prime minister of Zuo, a Marquis of Xinguo, and settled in Chaoyang. Yuan general Zhang Hongfan arrived and Wen Tianxiang was captured. He remained unyielding for three years and composed "Song of Righteousness".
County Hope:
Yanmen County: King Wuling of Zhao established the county during the Warring States Period, and the seat of Qin and Western Han Dynasty was Shanwu (now Youyunan, Shanxi). It is equivalent to the area north of Hequ, Wuzhai and Ningwu counties in Shanxi today, west of Hengshan Mountain, and south of Huangqihai and Daihai in Inner Mongolia. The Eastern Han Dynasty moved to Zhiyin Guan (now northwest of Dai County, Shanxi).
Genealogy of the Wen family
In 1929, Wen Nuanyu compiled the "Wen Family Genealogy".
Historical Celebrities
Wen Xiang: One of the leaders of the Westernization Movement in the Qing Dynasty, a native of Zhenghong Banner in Shengjing (near Shenyang, Liaoning). He served successively as the right minister of the Ministry of Industry and the right minister of the Ministry of Personnel in the Qing Dynasty. In 1861, he served as the minister of the Prime Minister's Yamen and participated in the "Qixiang Coup". Later he became a bachelor of Wuyingdian and minister of military aircraft. He pursued Yi Xin's ideas and tried his best to promote the "New Deal" of Westernization.
Wen Tingshi: Political celebrity, native of Pingxiang, Jiangxi, Guangxu Jinshi, former bachelor of the Hanlin Academy. He supported Guangxu's pro-government and supported Kang Youwei's initiative to strengthen the society. Therefore, he was jealous of the Empress Dowager Cixi and was dismissed from his post. After the Reform Movement of 1898, he traveled east to Japan. He is good at poetry, and he also writes about current affairs. He is the author of "Yun Qixuan Poetry Copy", "Wen Chen Ouji" and so on.
Wenkang: Novelist, a man with a red flag in Manchuria. He was once the magistrate of Huizhou and later the minister in Tibet. He died at home before taking up the post due to illness. In his later years, he wrote "The Heroes of Sons and Daughters".
Wen Zhengming: a calligrapher and painter of the Ming Dynasty, a native of Changzhou (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). He was good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, and he was good at painting. He, Shen Zhou, Tang Yin, and Qiu Ying were collectively known as the "Four Ming Schools". Their reputation was more important than ever, and they had many descendants. They were known as the "Wu Sect"
Wen Peng: seal engraver, calligrapher and painter, the eldest son of Wen Zhengming, He inherited his family education, was also good at calligraphy and painting, and was good at seal cutting. His style was workmanlike and stable, and he was called "Wen He" together with He Zhen.
Wenjia: Painter, the second son of Wen Zheng, good at regular calligraphy, good at painting landscapes, beautiful pen and ink, and good at flowers.
Wen Yanbo: Prime Minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, a native of Jiexiu, Fenzhou (now part of Shanxi). He served for about 50 years and was well-known in all barbarians. He was later named Duke of Lu.
Wen Tianxiang (a patriot who left his loyalty to history)
Wen Tianyang, courtesy name Lushan, changed his courtesy name to Song Rui, his name was Wenshan, Luling, Jizhou (now Ji'an County, Jiangxi) people. Minister, national hero and writer of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was born in the late Southern Song Dynasty and unswervingly persisted in the struggle against the Yuan Dynasty. After the failure of the resistance against the Yuan Dynasty, he was captured in Wupocen (now north of Haifeng County, Guangdong) and died on the ninth day of December in the nineteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (January 9, 1283). was killed. The "Guide Lu" written by him can be described as the history of poetry, and the "Song of Righteousness" written in prison is especially praised by the world. Author of "The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan".
When Wen Tianxiang was born, it was when the Mongolian army attacked the Southern Song Dynasty. When he was growing up, he saw the miserable scenes of foreign invasion and people suffering. As a result, the determination to patriotism and resist the Yuan Dynasty was born in his young mind; at the same time, Wen Tianxiang did not give up his studies and actively participated in the imperial examination. In May of the fourth year of Baohu (1256), Lizong participated in the palace examination and became a Famous young champion. Wen Tianxiang was appointed Chengshilang in the first year of Emperor Lizong's reign (1259). During the fifteen years from the first month of the first year of Emperor Deyou (1275), he only served as an official for five years, and two-thirds of that time was spent in hiding. Spend time in escape and tranquility.
Wen Tianxiang was very determined to resist the enemy, but in the end he could not defeat the fierce Yuan army.
In the first month of the second year of Dehu (1276), Emperor Duanzong of the Song Dynasty surrendered in Lin'an and Wen Tianxiang was captured. The enemy used all kinds of threats and inducements, promising high officials and generous salaries, but Wen Tianxiang remained unmoved. The Yuan army took him hostage and took him to the north to force him to submit. . Wen Tianxiang managed to escape midway and returned to the southeast coast to organize forces to resist the enemy. He fought hard on land and sea for many years. When he had a little strength, he once organized a northern expedition, which greatly troubled the Yuan army. However, due to being outnumbered, Wen Tianxiang was defeated at Wupoten and was captured again. The Yuan army detained Wen Tianxiang to Yanjing (today's Beijing), and continued to use threats and inducements to promise high officials and generous salaries in order to disrupt the people's anti-Yuan struggle. Wen Tianxiang remained indifferent. Seeing that the conspiracy could not be realized, the Yuan people finally killed Wen Tianxiang on the ninth day of December in the nineteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty. A great patriot fell under the enemy's butcher knife and ended his glorious life.
Wen Tianxiang was full of righteousness throughout his life, did not covet high officials and rich salaries, and resisted the enemy throughout his life. This was the most essential expression of his patriotic enthusiasm. In feudal society, it is really commendable for an intellectual to do this.
Wen Tianxiang is not only a national hero, but also a writer full of patriotic enthusiasm. He left a large number of patriotic poems throughout his life, such as "Guide Lu", which can be described as the history of poetry; and "Song of Righteousness", which is popular among people. , as well as the heart-warming poems left behind, "No one has died since ancient times, and his loyalty will shine through history", which has inspired generations of people with lofty ideals to fight for the survival and development of the Chinese nation. It is still refreshing and vital to read to this day. .
Genre: During the Spring and Autumn Period, a man from Chu State served as a senior official in the State of Yue, assisting King Gou Jian of Yue. The king and his ministers worked hard to become stronger, and finally destroyed the State of Wu. Later, Gou Jian believed the slander and ordered him to commit suicide with a sword.