Tang Yin was bo
Tang Yin was born in Jinchang. He was born on the fourth day of February in the sixth year of Chenghua (1March 6, 470) and died on the second day of December in the second year of Jiajing (1524+1October 7). Born in a merchant family, his father Tang Guangde and his mother Qiu. I was smart since I was a child, and my family suffered a change in my twenties. His parents, wife and sister died one after another, and his family came down. At the suggestion of his good friend Zhu Zhishan, he devoted himself to his studies. At the age of 29, she took the Yingtianfu public examination and won the first prize of "Xie Yuan". At the age of 30, I went to Beijing to take an exam, but I was accused of being an official because of cheating in the examination room. From then on, I decided to make progress and make a living by selling paintings. In nine years (15 14), I went to Nanchang for half a year at the invitation of Ning Wang Zhu. Later, I found out what Wang Ning was up to, so I pretended to be crazy and even ran naked in the street before running away. In his later years, he lived a hard life and often borrowed money from his friends Zhu Zhishan and Wen Zhiming. In the meantime, the famous calligrapher Wang Chong often came to help and married Tang Yin's only daughter as his wife, which became the happiest thing for Tang Yin in his later years. He died of illness at the age of 54. Although Tang Bohu was a gifted painter with outstanding talents, ideals and ambitions in history, his cynical and arrogant personality was not suitable for this society. He had a rough life and died at the age of 54. The last poem he wrote before his death expressed his deep-rooted complex feelings of nostalgia for the world and resentment and world-weariness: "Being born in the dead is over, why not die in hell?" . Dead people are almost the same as dead people. You should only wander in a foreign land. "
Tang Yin (Tang Bohu)
References:
1, Tang Yin Baidu Encyclopedia
2. The income from selling paintings in Tang Yin is unstable? I painted a lot of erotic paintings for a living.
The economic development in the middle of Ming Dynasty promoted the prosperity of urban society, and also changed people's lifestyles and concepts. Since then, the phenomenon of painting transaction has become universal and diversified, and the art market has gradually prospered, which makes most painters inevitably participate in the market. As a painter in Suzhou, Tang Yin naturally joined the ranks. He also sells paintings in various ways, mainly including friendship gifts, orders, extensions and direct cash transactions.
Tang Yin has close contacts with teachers, friends and peers, so it is essential to send a picture as a birthday present. There is a saying in Zhang Chou's "He Qing Shu Hua Fang Ji": "Qinan and Wei Zi often ask others to paint as entertainment tools." It can be seen that Tang Yin has quite a few paintings for entertainment.
In addition, order trading was also very popular during this period. The Book of Calligraphy and Painting that wuyue saw recorded Tang Yin's Shou Xingtu, and there was an inscription on the left side of the picture: "People come to plant apricots without effort, as if the path of Lushan Mountain is deep. I often go to the quiet and take part in the avenue, not because I am busy. May the rain melt into three clear springs, and I won't let the clouds idle in my whole heart. I have been suffering from lung disease recently, so I can get rid of Zi Xue's troubles. Jinchang Tang Yin ". Judging from the content of the poem, it is obviously a work for doctors.
How are Tang Yin's paintings selling? After all, selling articles and paintings is a kind of market behavior, and the income is unstable, which may mean that Tang Yin will live a relatively poor life from now on. At that time, the prices of paintings on the market were very cheap, so the economic situation in Tang Yin was always unsatisfactory. When the income of calligraphy and painting in a certain period is unstable, and there is no certain savings at home, Tang Yin will even fall into the predicament of living without rice.
However, in the second half of Tang Bohu's life, his material life occasionally relaxed. In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi (1505), 36-year-old Tang Bohu built another business in the northwest of Suzhou City, which was not completed until the second year of Zheng De (1507). Tang Yin spent the rest of his life in Taowu. Friends Zhu Yunming, Shen Zhou and others often come to drink and write poems. He bought land to build a pottery house, and the funds mainly came from individuals selling paintings. Therefore, Tang Yin's way of making a living through poetry and painting at least provided him with a basic living environment. Especially when his business was good, more and more people asked for paintings, so he asked the teacher Zhou Chen to write for him. Therefore, when identifying the authenticity of Tang Yin's paintings, later generations said, "Is he famous for his paintings, or is he too lazy to pay for them? Let Dongcun (Zhou Chen) replace him every time. Today, the paintings handed down by Bohu are based on those who have eyes with their pens. " Visible Tang Yin's reputation. Therefore, some selfish people do not hesitate to make fakes to make huge profits.
Selling paintings for a living makes Tang Yin economically self-sufficient, which determines his personality independence. It also had a far-reaching impact on his literary and artistic creation of poetry and painting in the latter half of his life, and even directly affected his artistic concept and creative style.
Tang Yin's overall painting style is closely related to his mentoring. Historical records show that Tang Yinchu studied in China. After the fraud case in Beijing Imperial Examination Hall, he studied under Zhou Chen, and his painting style gradually lost his Shen Zhou characteristics. For example, his "Thinking on Riding an Donkey" is similar to Zhou Chen's.
The most popular is Tang Yin's Portrait of a Lady. His figure paintings are full of feelings about the world and show a cynical attitude. He adopted the methods of many schools, especially the advantages of this school and literati painting, and created a unique painting road that can express his spirit. His brushwork is meticulous, with a natural and elegant charm. Most of these works are about history and folk stories, especially about happy women. Tang Yin's figure painting can be roughly divided into meticulous painting and freehand brushwork. The former is a typical picture of prostitutes in Wang Shu Palace, which depicts in detail the images of four maids waiting for the call of the king, showing the artist's superb skills in modeling pen and color setting. The latter takes Autumn Fan Map (collected by Shanghai Museum) as an example. Tang Yin combines Li's flowing water with Yan Hui's description of overlapping reeds, which is free and rhythmic.
In the Ming Dynasty, Xu Bo also praised his paintings of ladies, saying in the inscription of "Hongyu Building": "Painters are the most difficult, and beauty is especially difficult. Zhu Cui is the author of Danqing Yi custom, so there are few famous artists of this skill. Wu Zhongwei hates his biological father, and Tang Ziwei is very good at it. " Most of his ladies' paintings are brothels that show the lives of prostitutes, prostitutes and other lower-class women, such as "A picture of a prostitute in Wang Shu's palace" and "A picture presented by Gu Tao", which has something to do with his decadence and self-abandonment after cheating in the examination room.
So, what does this style have to do with his selling paintings for a living? During this period, with the development of commodity economy, prostitutes became increasingly prosperous in the prosperous cities of Jiangnan. This industry is particularly prosperous in an economically developed city like Suzhou. Tang Yin, as a man of letters with twists and turns of fate, attaches great importance to feelings and righteousness. Facing those women who are "we are all unhappy-forever", he has his own mutual appreciation, so he uses this theme to express his temperament. At the same time, the deeper reason is that his theme comes from the commercialization of painting at that time and the need to sell his own paintings. Tang Yin lives in the south of the Yangtze River where the commodity economy is developed. At this time, most businessmen and landlords like to make friends with celebrities, attracting many literati and painters to associate with them, and these rich people often dress themselves up as elegant people with literary talent and painting. Facing the special consumer groups, Tang Yin had to consider the aesthetic taste and psychological needs of the recipients when creating figure paintings.
In order to meet the needs of livelihood, Tang Yin also painted a large number of erotic paintings and other erotic paintings at people's request. In addition, Tang Yin is highly accomplished in landscape painting. However, there are specific reasons why Tang Yin is an orthodox painting style, rather than the literati painting style of Shen Zhou and Wen Zhiming. Tang Yin's flower and bird works are few, but I have to mention them. He is good at freehand brushwork with ink, flowers and birds, and Mo Yun is beautiful. The fan of "Rain Bamboo Map" painted by him (collected by Shanghai Museum) draws near bamboo with thick ink, and draws far bamboo with light ink, which is full of charm. The emotion of painting and calligraphy works depends on the image, but the interest goes beyond stippling. This style of flower-and-bird painting is to meet the needs of the public, both in subject matter and painting method.