1. Ban Gu
Ban Gu (32-92), born in Fufeng Anling (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi), was a famous historian and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Ban Gu was born in a Confucian family, and his father Ban Biao and uncle Ban Si were famous scholars at that time.
under the influence of his father and ancestors, Ban Gu was able to belong to the literature at the age of nine, recite poetry and fu, enter Imperial College at the age of sixteen, read widely, and be proficient in Confucian classics and history.
In the 3th year of Jianwu (54 years), Ban Biao passed away, and Ban Gu moved back to his hometown from Luoyang, the capital, and began to write Hanshu with his brother Ban Chao on the basis of Ban Biao's Biography of Historical Records. Later, Ban Chao joined the army and Ban Gu continued to write, which lasted for more than 2 years and was basically completed in junior high school under construction.
In the first year of Emperor Yong Yuan of the Han Dynasty (89), General Dou Xian led the army to the northern expedition to Xiongnu, and Ban Gu went out with the army, serving as a corps commander and taking part in military affairs. After his great defeat, Khan wrote the famous "Feng Yan Ran Shan Ming". After Dou Xian was killed for arrogating power, Ban Gu was implicated and died in prison at the age of 61.
Ban Gu wrote a lot in his life. As a historian, Hanshu is another important historical book in ancient China after Shiji, one of the "first four histories";
As a lyricist, Ban Gu is one of the "four masters of Han Fu", and "DuDu Fu" created an example of Kyoto Fu and was included in the first article of Selected Works. At the same time, Ban Gu was also a theorist of Confucian classics, and his "Bai Hu Tong Yi", compiled by him, was a masterpiece of Confucian classics at that time, which made the divinity of Chen Wei theoretical and codified.
2. Cao Zhi
Cao Zhi (December 27, 1992-232), born in Peiguoqiaoxian County (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province), was born in Dongwuyang (now shenxian county, said Juancheng), the third son of Cao Cao and Empress Wu Xuanbian, and was Chen Wang before his death.
Cao Zhi was a famous litterateur in the Three Kingdoms period. As one of the representatives and epitomizers of Jian 'an literature, he was promoted to the position of an article model in the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. His representative works include Luo Shen Fu, White Horse Piece and Seven Sorrow Poems.
Later generations called him "Three Caos" together with Cao Cao and Cao Pi because of his literary attainments. His poems are famous for their vigorous brushwork and colorful ci, and there are 3 volumes left, which have been lost. Today, the Collection of Cao Zijian is compiled by Song people.
Cao Zhi's prose also has the characteristics of "elegance and resentment, style and quality", and its variety is rich and diverse, which makes him achieve outstanding achievements in this respect. Xie Lingyun, a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, commented that "there is only one stone in the world, and Cao Zijian monopolizes eight fights".
3. Wang Bo
Wang Bo (about 65-676), Zi An, Han nationality, was a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi), a native of ancient Jiangzhou, was born in a Confucian family, and was called "Wang Yang Lu Luo" and "Four Masters in Early Tang Dynasty" together with Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Bin Wang.
Wang Bo was smart and studious since childhood. According to the Book of Old Tang Dynasty, he was able to write articles at the age of six and was praised as a "child prodigy". At the age of nine, he read Yan Shigu's Notes on Hanshu and wrote ten volumes of Finger Defects to correct his mistakes.
at the age of 16, he was appointed to the post of San Lang at the invitation of Yousu. He was kicked out of Pei Wangfu for doing "Cockfighting". After that, Wang Bo spent three years visiting Bashu mountains and rivers and created a lot of poems. After returning to Chang 'an, he asked Guo Zhou to join the army.
When he joined the army, he was demoted for killing officials and slaves privately. In August of the third year of Shang Yuan (676), Tang Gaozong crossed the sea and drowned when he returned from visiting his father, and died of fright.
Wang Bo is good at five laws and five unique poems, and his representative works include farewell to vice-prefect du setting out for his official post in shu. The main literary achievement is parallel prose, which is the best in quantity and quality. The representative works include Preface to Tengwang Pavilion.
4. Li Bai
Li Bai (71-762), with the word Taibai, was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, known by later generations as "Poet Fairy" and "Li Du" with Du Fu, in order to be "Little Li Du" with two other poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu.
according to the book of the new Tang dynasty, Li Bai is the ninth grandson of the emperor Xingsheng (Li Jue, king of Liangwu Zhao), and he is the same ancestor as the kings of Li Tang. He is cheerful and generous, loves to drink and write poems, and likes to make friends.
Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao's thoughts of arranging villages. Li Taibai's Collection was handed down from generation to generation, and most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is hard to go, Difficult Road to Shu, Going into Wine, Liang Fuyin, Early Making the Best of the City, and many others.
Li Bai's ci poems have been biographied by Song people (such as Wen Ying's Record of Xiang Shan Ye). In terms of their pioneering significance and artistic achievements, "Li Bai's ci poems" enjoy a very high status.
5. Liu Zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan (A.D. 773-November 28th, 819), born in Hedong (now Yongji area in Yuncheng, Shanxi), was one of the eight famous writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was known as "Liu Hedong" and "Mr. Hedong" in the world because of his official position.
Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu are called "Han Liu", Liu Yuxi "Liu Liu" and Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Yingwu "Wang Meng Wei Liu".
Liu Zongyuan left more than 6 poems in his life, and his achievements in writing were greater than that in poetry. There are nearly a hundred parallel essays, and the essays are rational, sharp and satirical. There are many places for writing scenic objects in travel notes, including Collection of Mr. Hedong, with representative works such as Xiju, Jiang Xue and Fisherman.
6. Su Shi
Su Shi (January 8, 137, December 19, 136—August 24, 111) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (Meishan City, Sichuan Province) and was named Tieguan Taoist, Dongpo layman, known as Su Dongpo and Su Xian, Han nationality, and his ancestors.
in the second year of Jiayou (157), Su Shi became a scholar. Song Shenzong worked in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (18), he was demoted as the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Yong ying because of the Wutai Poetry Case.
Song Zhezong became a bachelor of Hanlin, a bachelor of attendant studies, a minister of rites, etc., and was well-known in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In his later years, he was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the ruling of the New Party. Song Huizong was granted amnesty and returned to the North, and died in Changzhou on the way. Song Gaozong posthumously awarded a surname, posthumous title "Wenzhong".
Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty and made great achievements in poetry, ci, prose, calligraphy and painting. The text is vertical and horizontal; Poetry has a broad theme, fresh and healthy, uses exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style. It is also called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian.
Ci is bold and unconstrained, and Xin Qiji is the representative of bold and unconstrained, and is also called "Su Xin"; Prose writing is rich and unrestrained, and it is also called "Ousu" with Ouyang Xiu, and it is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi's good books, one of the "Song Sijia"; He is good at literati painting, especially at ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood.
His works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo, A Biography of Dongpo, Dongpo Yuefu, Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas, Ancient Wood and Strange Stone Atlas and so on.
7. Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu (August 1, 17-September 22, 172), born in Yongfeng County, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province, was a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was famous politically.
because Jizhou originally belonged to luling county, it calls itself "Ouyang Xiu of luling". Posthumous title Wenzhong, a bachelor of Hanlin, a deputy envoy of the Council, and an adviser in politics, is known as Ouyang Wenzhong. Tired of giving a surname and a duke of Chu.
Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong, they are called "Eight Great Writers in Tang and Song Dynasties", and together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi, they are called "Four Great Writers in Ancient Times".
Ouyang Xiu was the first literary leader to create a generation of literary style in the literary history of the Song Dynasty. He led the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty, and inherited and developed Han Yu's ancient prose theory. The high achievement of his prose creation and his correct theory of ancient prose complement each other, thus creating a generation of writing style.
Ouyang Xiu not only changed his writing style, but also innovated his poetic style and ci style. In historiography, he has also made great achievements. He once majored in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties alone. There is a collection of Ouyang Wenzhong handed down from generation to generation.
8. Liu Yong
Liu Yong (about 984-about 153), formerly known as Sanbian, was named Jingzhuang, later renamed Liu Yong, and was named Yiqing, also known as Liu Qi, who was born in Chong 'an, Fujian, a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty and a representative of graceful and restrained school.
Liu Yong was born in an official family. He studied poetry when he was young, and he was determined to make a name for himself. In the fifth year of Xianping (12), Liu Yong left his hometown and lived in Hangzhou and Suzhou, indulging in the romantic life of listening to songs and buying laughter.
in the first year of Dazhong xiangfu (18), Liu Yong went to Beijing to take part in the imperial examination, but failed repeatedly, so he devoted himself to writing lyrics. In the first year of Jing You (134), Liu Yong was in his twilight years, and he served as an official of Muzhou Youth League Training, a magistrate of Yuhang County, a judge of Xiaofeng Saline-Alkali, and a judge of Sizhou. He was an official in the field, so he was known as Liu Tuntian.
Liu Yong was the first poet who made a comprehensive innovation in Song Ci, and he also created the most tunes in Song Ci. Liu Yong made great efforts to create slow ci, transplanted Chen Qi's fu method into ci, and at the same time made full use of slang and common sayings, which had a far-reaching influence on the development of Song ci with unique artistic personality such as suitable images, incisive description and plain line drawing.
9. Guan Hanqing
Guan Hanqing (before 1234-about 13), whose original name was unknown, whose name was Han Qing, whose name was Zhai (also known as Yi Zhai, Zhai Zuo), was from Xiezhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), and also from Dadu (now Beijing) and Qizhou (now Hebei Province).
The founder of Yuan Zaju, the first of the "Four Masters of Yuan Opera", is also called "Four Masters of Yuan Opera" with Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu. ?
Zaju has achieved the greatest success. Today, there are 67 zaju, and there are 18 existing zaju (whether individual works were written by him is inconclusive). The most famous one is Dou E Yuan. Guan Hanqing also wrote many historical dramas, such as Single Knife Meeting, Single Whip to Seize Jiao, West Shu Dream, etc. Today, there are more than 4 poems and more than 1 sets of Sanqu.
Guan Hanqing's image of "I'm a copper pea that can't be steamed, cooked, pounded, fried and exploded" ("A flower doesn't grow old") is also widely known as "Qusheng".
1. Yuan Haowen
Yuan Haowen (Hao) (August 1, 119-October 12, 1257), whose name was Yuzhi, was known as Mr. Yishan. Taiyuan Xiurong (now Xinzhou, Shanxi) was born. Famous writer and historian from the late Jin Dynasty to Mongolia.
Yuan Haowen is intelligent since childhood and has the reputation of "child prodigy". In the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty (1221), Yuan Hao asked Jinshi and. In the first year of Zhengda (1224), he was awarded the title of "Grand Ci", and authorized the National History Institute to compile and edit it.
After the downfall of the Jin Dynasty, Yuan Haowen was imprisoned for several years. In his later years, he returned to his hometown, lived in seclusion and devoted himself to writing at home. In the seventh year of Yuan Xianzong (1257), Yuan Haowen died at the age of 68.
Yuan Haowen was the main representative of northern literature during the confrontation between Song and Jin Dynasties, the leader of literary circles, and a bridge connecting the past and the future in literature between Jin and Yuan Dynasties. He was honored as a "northern literary hero" and a "literary Sect". He is good at writing poems, essays, words and songs. Among them, poetry has the highest achievement, especially its "funeral poems";
Its ci is the highest in the Jin Dynasty, and it can be compared with the famous artists in the Song Dynasty. Although his Sanqu was not handed down from generation to generation, it had a great influence at that time and had the merit of advocacy. There are Complete Works of Mr. Yuan Yishan and Zhongzhou Collection.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ban Gu
Baidu Encyclopedia-Cao Zhi
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wang Bo
Baidu Encyclopedia-Li Bai
Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu Zongyuan
Baidu Encyclopedia-Su Shi
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ouyang Xiu
Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu.