Retire as an official. -"Biography of the Ram, Announcing the Year of AD"
The doctor is seventy years old. -"Book of Rites Quli Shang"
detailed description
1, resign. "Biography of the Ram Announcing the Year of the AD": "Retire when you are successful." He Xiu's note: "Be an official and return to the throne." Biography of Northern History Wei Xiaokuan: "Xiao Kuan was forced to be a trailer every year and was repeatedly invited to be an official." Tang Bai Juyi's poem "Don't be an official": "Be an official at seventy, and be polite."
2. Abbreviation of Zhishi Pavilion. Five-year mirror in Shaoxing, Song Gaozong: "Yes, I am a bachelor from Longtuge, a scholar from Shi Yang, and I am 83 years old." See Guan.
2. In classical Chinese, why does "being an official" mean not being an official after retirement? "Being an official is not an official"
Look at two examples first:
(1) The most important realistic encounter and practical behavior of ancient intellectuals in China was to strive for official positions in the imperial examinations. (Fragments of civilization)
(2) Mr. Zhang Shen's works remind me of a very interesting phenomenon in the history of calligraphy in China, that is, most calligraphers in past dynasties were knowledgeable people. Far away are Li Si and Cai Yong, followed by Yan, Su Shi, Dong Qichang and so on. Stars, clouds steaming Xia Wei, countless clouds. ("Shen Feng Lingxiu Zang Gog Flows out of Halal in a Straight Line-Reading Lu's Calligraphy")
Obviously, in the above example, "Shi Zhi" is used in the sense of "being an official". In fact, the meaning of "being an official" is not "being an official", it refers to the resignation or resignation of an official-retirement for the elderly. So, why is this the wrong usage? Mainly because the author takes it for granted that "being an official" means "being an official". There is nothing wrong with linking "official" with "official", but once the morpheme "zhi" is ignored or misinterpreted, it will lead to a one-sided and wrong interpretation of the whole word. Let's make a simple analysis and explanation by using the relevant materials of ancient Chinese.
"Zhi" has a long history and complex semantics. Press "Say Wen Jian No": "Send a message." "Jade Pieces and Jade Pieces" also said: "To, to also." Basically, the original meaning of "zhi" is "send", "send" and so on. For example:
(3) Riding on the back of an ox, drawing heavy and far away, so as to benefit the world and cover all the philosophers. (Zhouyi)
(4) Try your best to use money, bribe it with money, guard it, and send it to everyone. (Zuo Gong)
The meaning of "zhi" is further extended from "sending" to "returning". For example, there is a saying in Guoyu Lu Yuxia: "Zi Ye Gui, Lu Zhi can't get out. Say,' If you let others bully you, you can do it.' "Zhao Wei's annotation is:" To, to also. To Lu, I also want to take its city. " The "Lu" here is "salary". People who can get the salary of the court are naturally officials. This kind of expression not only uses "Lu", but also uses "official" and "politics", that is, besides "Lu Zhi", there are also expressions such as "Shi Zhi" and "Zhizhi". For example:
(5) The people want to be convinced, so they say, "If so, the ancient road is not popular with the people." Retire as an official. ("Ram Biography Year Number")
(6) At fifty, you will become a knight; at sixty, you won't study; at seventy, you will become a politician. (The Book of Rites Wang Zhi) He Xiu notes Shi Zhi and Returning Lu to Jun; Zheng Xuan's annotation "Supreme Righteousness" means "returning the monarch". It is not difficult to see that whether it is "returning to the throne" or "returning to the throne", the final result is to retire from office and no longer ask about the court or government. Among the three words "Shi Zhi", "Lu Zhi" and "Supreme", "Shi Zhi" is the most frequently used. Gu cited three cases to get a glimpse:
(7) Being an official at the age of seventy has clear manners. (Don Bai Juyi's Ten Poems by Qin Zhongyin)
(8) When an official is idle, the guests seem to be homeless for a long time. (Don Dai Shulun's "Words in the Guest")
(9) When you arrive in the town, if you feel uneasy, you will ask for an official position. (The History of the Old Five Dynasties and the Book of the Tang Dynasty, Volume 66)
The use of "Shi Zhi" in modern Chinese can be regarded as the inheritance and reservation of classical Chinese words (limited to a specific style and context). The meaning has not changed, but the original basic meaning is still used. This needs our attention.
I haven't studied this. I found an explanation from someone.
3. Why should classical Chinese translate the meaning of vernacular Chinese?
why
1. What is this?
"Hanshu Scholars Yuan Gu": "Why not make Tang Wu stand?" Zhang Tang read the third volume of Xuan Shi Shi Lu: "Since both the public and the public have punished it, it is appropriate. I don't know what it is, but I dare to ask Li He what he is guilty of. I hope to be taught by the public. "
2. Why?
"Historical Records of the Golden Family": "Chu was furious, attacked the Jin family, and the Jin family retreated. The officer said, "Why did you retire?" "The Romance of the West Chamber, which was written by Jieyuan in the East of Shanxi Province, Volume III:" Why are friends mentally exhausted recently? "Qing Li wrote in Naihetian Helping the Border:" You are an official of the imperial court, so you should do the things of the imperial court. Why do you look at the royal military order very awkwardly? "
What's your name?
Biography of Historical Records of Meng Changjun: "For a long time, Wencheng asked his father and baby,' What is a son's son?' Said, "For the grandchildren." "
Why can it be translated into classical Chinese? Why? 、
4. Yan Zhitui studied classical Chinese hard, and when people saw relatives in the neighborhood, they admired them and learned them. I don't know how to learn from the ancients, but how can they hide it? The world knows that when you cross the horse and get a strong bow, you will know that I can do it; I don't know the laws of heaven, argue about geographical location, compare quantity and smoothness, and learn the wonders of rise and fall. It is to know the alliance, gather wealth and gather valleys, so that the cloud and I can be the same; I don't know how to worship ghosts, change customs, adjust yin and yang, and recommend sages. However, I can rule the people only after I know that I am rich and private, and the business is done; I don't know if I am honest with myself, but I am a group, fighting against the wind and turning the owl into the wind. But if I know how to obey the law, punish early and abandon late, then I can go to prison; I don't know the same concept of sin. I also chase money with a knife. I am good at showing my insincerity, but I know how I feel without asking. It is not good for you to be teachers, learn from others, serve slaves, fish and kill meat, and eat cattle and sheep.
Translation:
People see good role models in their neighbors and tell their children to advocate learning, but they don't know how to learn from the ancients. Why are they so confused? The world only knows how to ride a horse in armour, hold a spear and bend a bow, saying that I can be a general, but I don't know how to observe heaven and reason, distinguish the right place, consider whether to conform to the current situation and the people's hearts, and examine the ability to know the rise and fall. I only know that I can be a good person, but I don't know the level of worshipping ghosts and gods, changing customs, adjusting yin and yang, and selecting sages and saints. I only know that I can manage the people, do things early without selfish interests, but I don't know the ability of being honest and clean, managing orderly, and educating people in disaster relief. I only know how to enforce the law, sentence early and forgive late, and say that I can raze the prison, but I don't know all kinds of skills such as reconnaissance, evidence collection, interrogation and inference. In ancient times, farmers, workers, businessmen, servants, slaves, fishermen, butchers and cattle herders all had outstanding and wise ancestors, which could serve as examples for learning and seeking knowledge, which was not detrimental to their careers!