Most people place moth balls in their bookcases, which are indeed effective in preventing mildew and repelling insects. However, many brands of mothballs contain the chemical substance PDCD (para-dichlorobenzene), which has been classified as a Class VI toxic drug and has side effects on the human body. There are also some people who are afraid that beetles will destroy books (especially collectors of ancient books are even more afraid), so they often spray bookcases with some chemical pesticides commonly found in supermarkets. As a result, beetles are still rampant, but the books are harmed by them, with yellow spots all over the place. whole body. From ancient times to the present, there are many methods to prevent mildew and insects in books. Book lovers may wish to learn from the following:
Methods to prevent mildew in bookcases:
1. Place rue. Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty said in "Mengxi Bi Tan": "The ancients used rue, rue and vanilla to avoid beetles when collecting books." For example, Fan's Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo has a rich collection of books, many of which are rare editions. The fact that the books in the pavilion have not grown moldy or infested with beetles for three hundred years is all thanks to the help of the rugby grass. Later, scholars and poets wrote poems and couplets in Tianyige, most of which mentioned rue. The rue herb Jinxiu used by Tianyige comes from Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County. Jinxiu Vanilla is locally called "Ling Herb". It grows in deep valleys in high mountains at an altitude of 3,000 to 5,000 meters. It is a very precious herb that has no side effects on books, paper or human health. It can still be purchased online. Rutabaga.
2. A "sweeping" should be carried out once a year. What is sutra scanning? That is, pick a sunny day every year, take all the scriptures outdoors, and then swipe each page of the book with a feather. This method is based on the book collection method of Wenshu Monastery in Chengdu, Sichuan. Wenshu Monastery in Chengdu, Sichuan has a rich collection of books. No anti-mold and insect repellent is placed in the Sutra Pavilion, but the scriptures have never become moldy or insect-infested. Their secret is to scan the scriptures once a year. They turn over the scriptures every year. This turning process can destroy the stable ecological environment of silverfish. In addition, they use feathers to clean the scriptures, which can also drive away the eggs of existing pests. This is the real mystery of the well-preserved books in Wenshu Monastery.
3. Use the newly developed 8489 and AD99 insecticides. These two drugs are pollution-free new drugs, which are composed of a variety of Chinese herbal medicines. They are highly volatile, fragrant, non-toxic and harmless to humans and animals, do not pollute the environment, and have no adverse effects on paper and handwriting. They not only have good pest-repelling properties, but also have strong insecticidal effects.
Other related information:
1. Do not fold and stack calligraphy and painting pieces that are not yet mounted, otherwise they will break from the folds or leave black color at the folds after being stored for a long time. Creases may affect the appearance after mounting. If you want to enjoy it temporarily, do not use thumbtacks or glue to stick to the wall, otherwise it will directly damage the calligraphy and painting. The correct way to preserve paintings and calligraphy is to put a layer of thin rice paper or leather paper under the painting and calligraphy sheets, roll up the calligraphy and painting sheets with the paper roll as a shaft, wrap them in white paper or plastic film, and put them in a painting box or bookcase. Inside.
2. Calligraphy and painting should be stored properly after being mounted. When storing them, first consider moisture-proof, moth-proof, rodent-proof, mildew-proof, stain-proof, etc. Each piece of calligraphy and painting can be put into a plastic bag or cloth bag, or it can be wrapped in white paper. When storing, it should be placed flat, not vertically, and do not place heavy objects on top of the calligraphy and painting to cause pressure on the calligraphy and painting. If possible, you can prepare a painting box according to the specifications of calligraphy and painting, and put some camphor and moisture absorbent in the box.
3. When storing mounted calligraphy and painting pieces, they should not be rolled too tightly or too loosely, let alone reversed. If it is rolled too tightly, there will be indentations at the seams between the center of the painting and the edge material on both sides of the head and the head, which will affect the beauty of the calligraphy and painting, and may also cause the frame to deform or fall off; if it is rolled too loosely, it will be easily broken. Calligraphy and painting; if it is re-rolled, it will cause creases in the calligraphy and painting, especially the old calligraphy and painting will be more damaged.
4. Be careful when hanging and displaying paintings and calligraphy. When hanging paintings and calligraphy, hold the painting hairpin with one hand to hold the painting rope, and hold the unexpanded part of the painting and calligraphy with one hand, then slowly release it to hang the painting and calligraphy, and remove the painting hairpin. When displaying calligraphy and painting, one person should pull the painting rope, and the other person should hold the axle head with both hands to unfold the calligraphy and painting. Do not hold the middle part of the calligraphy and painting upward with both hands, otherwise the five fingers of the hands will make creases in the calligraphy and painting. For calligraphy and painting works without a shaft head, they should be held between two fingers when displaying, so that the painting can pass through the fingers.
In addition, it should also be noted that paintings and calligraphy should not be hung for a long time. After hanging for a period of time, they should be rolled up and stored for a period of time; long-standing paintings and calligraphy should be hung up regularly for ventilation.
5. Pay more attention when displaying hand scrolls and album pages, because the mounting of hand scrolls and album pages is more complicated than the mounting of other paintings and calligraphy. When displaying hand scrolls, they should be placed on a flat desk or table. Note that there should be no water spots or dirt on the desk or table. When unfolding the hand scroll, it should not be extended too long, but should be rolled up while unfolding. It is best not to use fingers to turn the pages when unfolding the album. Instead, a smooth and burr-free bamboo strip can be inserted between the pages of the album to turn the pages. The album pages are generally thicker. When you start turning the pages or turn to the last few pages, the thickness of the two sides will be uneven, and there will be a hanging space between the two pages. At this time, if you do not pay attention to pressing the hanging space in the middle of the format, it will easily cause breakage.
6. You must be more careful when preserving old paintings and calligraphy that have been damaged. Do not display them casually if they cannot be repaired to avoid further damage to the paintings and calligraphy. If the calligraphy and painting are broken, it is even more important to prevent the scattered pieces from being lost, so as not to cause difficulties in future repairs. Regardless of whether it is a new or old calligraphy and painting, as long as the original mounting can still be hung and the center of the painting is not damaged, generally do not rush to remove the mounting and repair it, because removing the mounting once will damage the paper quality of the painting and calligraphy. If the original mounted calligraphy and painting falls off or the center of the painting is seriously damaged, it should be removed and repaired in time.
How to collect calligraphy and paintings at home
Paintings are afraid of heat, light, moisture, mildew and insect bites. To collect and protect calligraphy and painting, four methods must be mastered:
1. Avoid light, because calligraphy and painting are generally based on paper, silk, etc., and ultraviolet rays in the sun will cause the fibers of paper and silk to deteriorate or deteriorate. Yellowing, fading, and brittleness will cause damage to calligraphy and painting, thereby shortening the life of calligraphy and painting. Therefore, calligraphy and painting should be placed in a dark, cool, dry and clean place for safekeeping.
2. Before removing dust and collecting calligraphy and painting, it is best to dust off the surface of calligraphy and painting to prevent dust from being rolled into the calligraphy and painting, and to prevent mold, contamination and moth infestation in the shaft head. Special attention should be paid to calligraphy and painting on silk. If dust falls in the seams of the silk, you must be patient to remove it. Otherwise, the life of the calligraphy and painting will be shortened when moisture occurs. In addition, there are insect eggs invisible to the human eye lurking in the dust. When the temperature and humidity are suitable, they will turn into adult insects and eat calligraphy and paintings in the future. Therefore, calligraphy and painting should not be hung for several years, because the hanging process is a process of slow weathering, deterioration, fading and damage.
Third, it is necessary to be moisture-proof. First, choose a wall that is not humid to hang, and avoid places with water vapor indoors to prevent normal moisture from attaching to calligraphy and paintings; second, before the rainy season arrives, , the exposed calligraphy and painting should be temporarily stored. After the rainy season, choose a clear and dry weather in time to unfold or hang the calligraphy and painting one by one so that the moisture can be dispersed in ventilation.
4. Those who want to seal and collect calligraphy and paintings are best to wrap the calligraphy and paintings in kraft paper and put them in a box or cabinet with good sealing performance. At the same time, put camphor blocks and other insect repellent supplies at the corners of the box to prevent Insect-proof. Then put in soil paper with good water absorption performance to keep the calligraphy and painting safe and extend the life of the calligraphy and painting.
Tips for hanging calligraphy and paintings
Hang calligraphy and paintings in the room can convey an artistic atmosphere, broaden your horizons, add beauty, cultivate your sentiments, and please your body and mind. However, hanging calligraphy and paintings is very particular. Here are some tips.
1. Mounting and framing As the saying goes, "People have to decorate, and paintings have to be framed." After a painting is framed and framed, it will reveal its elegant charm. Chinese calligraphy and painting have a long history. The framing of calligraphy and painting should also complement each other. The colors should be chosen to be calm and consistent with the style of calligraphy and painting, and should highlight the elegant taste of the room.
2. Avoid too much and seek more refinement. Regardless of whether your room is large or small, you should hang calligraphy and paintings in accordance with the principle of less but more refined. Never hang landscapes, figures, calligraphy, and scenery all in one place. Being greedy for more and seeking perfection will make people feel vulgar, cumbersome and heavy.
3. The color should coordinate with the color selection of calligraphy and painting. It must match the color of the room and furniture to give people a sense of elegance. Otherwise it will be counterproductive. Usually watercolor paintings should be used with light-colored walls and furniture to create a fresh and elegant look. Only when the panel paintings match the furniture with neat lines and protruding corners can the furniture look calm, clean and tidy.
4. Reasonable lighting When hanging calligraphy and paintings, reasonable lighting should be considered.
Calligraphy and painting should be placed on an open wall with good lighting, above low furniture such as the bedside, facing wall, desk, coffee table, sofa, etc. They should not be hung in corners or next to tall furniture. The fine brushstrokes should be placed in a sunny place, and the freehand thick strokes can be placed in a slightly dark place. Otherwise, the fine strokes of the fine brushwork will be blurred, and the thick freehand strokes will be strong and dazzling, which will lose elegance.
5. The height is appropriate. Calligraphy and painting should be hung too high or too low. It should be hung 2/5 from the top to the bottom of the wall. Therefore, this height is slightly higher than the parallel line of sight of an upright person. Guests When you raise your head, you can see all the calligraphy and paintings in the sun, which is comfortable and pleasing to the eye.
6. If you have a large collection of calligraphy and paintings that are frequently changed in the four seasons, you can change them frequently according to the principle of different seasons. Firstly, the calligraphy and painting will not be hung for a long time and the paper will be weathered and brittle; secondly, it will have a sense of freshness and respond to changes in the scenery. . Hanging peach blossoms in bloom in spring, hanging crane shadows in lotus ponds in summer, red maples in autumn and chrysanthemums in autumn, and looking for plum blossoms in the snow in winter can create leisure and relaxation, or the opposite can be done. In summer, hanging plum blossoms through the snow will make the summer heat so intense. There will be a slight chill in the middle.
Tips to keep calligraphy and painting always gorgeous
1. It is not suitable to hang calligraphy and painting during the rainy season;
2. Do not hang calligraphy and painting in places exposed to direct sunlight;
3. Pay attention to insect and rat prevention;
4. Do not wipe with a wet cloth, but prepare a feather duster to wipe lightly;
5. Repair the frame in time if it is bitten by an insect.
Tips for collecting calligraphy and painting
When displaying calligraphy and painting, it is advisable to carry the axle with two hands and unfold it smoothly, and the movements should be gentle and slow. Do not support the back of the painting with your hands to prevent the painting from being folded. The scroll should be rolled up tightly before the tape can be tightened.
From the perspective of collection, rice paper from Jingxian County, Anhui Province is the best. Leather is better than cotton, cotton is better than bamboo, thick paper is better than thin paper, and raw paper is better than cooked paper. Paper.
How to store painted hearts. It is advisable to put a layer of rice paper under the heart of each painting, and then roll it up with a round shaft. Every 10 to 20 paintings are made into a roll and stored in a calligraphy and painting cabinet. It is not suitable to store it with the heart in it.
Precious calligraphy and painting should not be stored and accumulated for too long, but should be displayed and played from time to time. It is not suitable to hang calligraphy and painting in midsummer, plum rainy season and in rooms with coal stoves. During the rainy season, calligraphy and painting must be exposed to the sun.
Calligraphy and painting should be placed flat in boxes, bags, boxes, pouches, sleeves, letters, cabinets, and cupboards. They should not be placed vertically, and calligraphy and painting frames should not be bundled or stacked together in any order.
Anti-mildew and insect-proof method for calligraphy and painting collections: Dissolve a small amount of camphor and borneol in equal amounts of 80% alcohol to make a solution, then soak highly absorbent paper in it for 2 to 3 minutes, take it out and dry it in the shade. Finally, clamping it inside the calligraphy and painting can effectively prevent the calligraphy and painting from becoming mildewed and moth-eaten.
If the frame is accidentally stained with oil, you can place a piece of moist rice paper on the oil stain and lightly iron it with an iron several times to absorb some of the oil stain on the frame below.
ps: Wrap each book with transparent plastic wrap, which not only protects the books, but also does not affect the beauty of the appearance. You cannot tell that you have wrapped them when placed in a bookcase.