Books will only be read more and more. In the past, now and in the next few thousand years, China and foreign countries will span several Wan Li. When you form a good reading habit, you will find that there is too little time and too many good books. Therefore, we should learn to read and absorb the infinite energy of books and mountains in our limited life. Therefore, it is very important to develop good reading habits. I found some famous reading methods for you, I hope it will help you.
Ba Jin's reading method;
The famous writer Ba Jin's reading method is very strange, because he did it without books. Reading without books is really a miracle of the world. What's going on here? Ba Jin said: "I was hospitalized for the second time. After taking a nap for less than an hour every day, I get out of bed and sit on the small sofa, waiting for the nurse to take my temperature at two o'clock. I sat still, but I didn't doze off. My brain won't rest. It is recalling some books and works I have read in the past, as if it wants to keep some beautiful things before my memory completely declines. " ?
It turns out that his reading method is to sit there and recall the books he has read. This has many advantages:
(1) is not restricted by conditions and can make full use of time. (2) Review the past and learn new things. (3) Be able to continuously draw spiritual strength from the books you have read.
Hua's reading method:
Chinese reading method: "from thin to thick" and "from thick to thin"
Professor Hua summarized the process of reading into two stages: from shallow to deep and from shallow to deep.
He said: "a book, before you read it, you think it is very thick;" In the process of reading, if each chapter and section are discussed in depth, and each page is annotated and supplemented with reference materials, it will feel thicker. However, when we really have a thorough understanding of the contents of the book, grasp the main points of the book and master the spiritual essence of the book, we will feel that the book has become thinner. The more thorough, the thinner I feel. This is a process that every scientist has to go through. In this way, it's not that we have learned less knowledge, but that we have digested it. "
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Engels' reading method:
One of Engels' reading methods is to pay attention to reading the original text, and generally do not use second-hand and third-hand materials easily. 1On August 6th, 884, Georg Henrich Vollmar, a German social Democrat, wrote a letter to Engels, saying that a lady was interested in socialism and planned to study social sciences, but she didn't know which college to enter. Engels replied that this question is difficult to answer, because every science, especially economics, has been badly spoiled in universities. The key is to learn by yourself and master effective methods of self-study. Engels said in his letter: "Learn from truly classic books, not from the most unpopular German economics summary reading or its author's speech." "The most important thing is to seriously study the classical economics from the physiocratic school to Smith, Ricardo and their schools, as well as the works of utopian socialism Saint-Simon, Fourier and Owen, as well as the works of Marx, and at the same time, we should constantly strive to draw our own opinions." In other words, we should read the original work systematically, because "studying the original work itself will not lead some brief reading materials and other second-hand materials astray." Judging from the bibliography he has read, although he has read many popular brochures, newspapers and periodicals, etc. , is the classic original that spends the most time and reads the most. He believes that reading the original works systematically is the correct reading method for research. In this way, we can understand the process of the emergence, development and perfection of a theory, not only comprehensively and systematically grasp the basic principles, but also grasp its development process and understand the whole picture of this theory.
Dumas' reading method:
Reading Methods of The Elders of Faria
Dumas, a famous French writer, has a set of selective reading methods. In the book "The Count of Monte Cristo", he created a knowledgeable figure-Faria Elder, and talked about this reading method through the mouth of the elder: "In my study in Rome, I have nearly 5,000 books, but after reading them many times, I found that a person can have all the knowledge about human beings as long as he has 150 selected books, at least enough. I spent three years studying this 150 book until I remembered them in my mind. " Here, he thinks that the book 150 can cover "all human knowledge", which is obviously not scientific enough. However, the strong emphasis on "reading selected books" is still worth learning.
The quality of books in the world is different, so choose the best books to read, and don't spend your energy on second-and third-rate books. "Take the law, there is only one; When reading, we should keep in mind the law of "taking the method from the middle and stopping at the bottom".
Einstein's reading method:
Einstein, a great physicist, summed up the reading method of "one is always divided into two parts and three is combined", which can be used for reference.
Read the preface, postscript, preface and other general parts of the book first, and then read the catalogue carefully to have a general understanding of the structure, content, main points and system of the book, so as to have an overall impression of the book.
Dichotomy: after reading the table of contents, skim the text first, without reading word for word. We should focus on reading paragraphs with big or small titles, underlined words, dots, bold words or special marks, which are often the focus of each section. You can choose what you need to read carefully according to these.
Trinity: On the basis of skimming the whole book, you have a concrete impression of this book. You can go back and carefully read the contents of the catalogue and the whole book, think and synthesize it, so as to make it organized and systematic, so as to clarify its internal relations, achieve the purpose of deepening and improving, and further understand many things that you don't understand at first. This step is very important. People often throw away books when this step is irrelevant, and then forget them.
Hua, a famous mathematician, has a strange way of reading. He picked up a book under the light, didn't read it word by word from beginning to end, but thought about the title for a while, then turned off the light and lay in bed, closed his eyes and meditated. He imagined how to write such a topic if it fell into his own hands ... After thinking about it, he opened the book. If the author writes what he thinks, he will stop reading. A book that would have taken ten days and a half months to finish, he finished it in one night and two nights.
Su Dongpo is knowledgeable. He has an all-round reading method. He believes that every book you read is enough to understand and digest a problem; Read it again and again, and you can master everything. Young people delve into learning and read every book several times. The content of a book is very rich, but people's energy is limited, so it is impossible to absorb it all at once, and they can only concentrate on one aspect. For example, if you want to explore the reasons for the rise and fall of dynasties, then read it from this angle and don't consider other aspects. If you want to explore deeds, history, or laws and regulations, just read it again from another angle. Although this method is a bit stupid, it can stand the test in all aspects after learning it. There is an important principle in Sun Tzu's Art of War, which is called "I am long and the enemy is divided". If you are attacked from all sides, don't be attacked from all sides, but concentrate superior forces to surpass them in number. Su Dongpo used this method to study, which has been praised by scholars at all times.
The old revolutionary Xu Teli also has a set of effective reading methods. One is the accumulation method. When he studied Shuo Wen Jie Zi, he divided 540 radicals into one year and read only two words every day. When he teaches students to learn these radicals, he only asks them to remember one word every day and finish it in two years. He began to learn a foreign language at the age of forty-three, using the same method: learning a new word every day and learning 365 words a year. With such perseverance, I finally learned French, German and Russian. He said: "Reading often suffers from' skimming flowers',' wolfing down' and' swallowing dates', and when you read it, you forget. Unrealistic greed can neither be understood nor remembered. My reading method is always based on' quantitative' and' constant'. " The second is ancient and modern Chinese and foreign laws. Lao Xu read a lot of ancient books when he was a child. Later, he went abroad to study natural science and social science, and his knowledge was extremely profound. He advocates a wider range of reading, reading all books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. "The combination of ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, become mine. I like to eat beef or dog meat, and it becomes my meat after eating it. That's right. " The third is the method of borrowing books and extracting them. To extract, we must choose, and deepen our understanding in the choice. The choice must be analyzed, and the essentials can be mastered through analysis. When Mr. Xu was in Hunan, he heard that there was a * * * (cloth) party history in the book and newspaper circulation society, so he borrowed it. When studying the next volume, he just copied it once. But he didn't copy it all, but extracted it and made a detailed analysis. As a result, his understanding of the second volume is deeper than that of the first volume. Later, even when it was not difficult to buy books, he advocated copying some books because it would help the eyes, hands and heart to understand deeply.
Zou Taofen
Zou Taofen was a famous journalist, political commentator and publisher in modern times. When reading, always read first. If you like it very much, just mark the topic, then read it for the first time and then read it for the third time. In most relationships, I watch them whenever I have time. In this way, the books he has read have formed a pagoda with the largest foundation and a wide range of browsing, and then the more he goes up, the less books he has, and the more he reads. Zou Taofen vividly summed up this reading method as "Pagoda Reading Method".
Pagoda reading method combines browsing and intensive reading when reading a book, and removes its essence and dross in the process of reading, avoiding general efforts and wasting unnecessary reading time. Combination of learning and thinking. Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." This sentence summarizes the dialectical relationship between "learning" and "thinking" Only by combining the two closely can we gain insights through comparative analysis, induction and synthesis of thinking activities such as "removing the rough and selecting the fine, removing the false and retaining the true, and from the outside to the inside".
Lu Xun's "Skipping Reading" Method
Mr. Lu Xun said: "If you only look at the place when you are in doubt, and you can't understand it for a long time, then jump over and move on, so that you can understand the place ahead." This method is the further development of Tao Yuanming's reading method of "not asking for a very good solution". Its advantage is that it can save time, improve reading speed and focus on the overall understanding of the original text and the most important content.
Lao She's "Impression" Method
Lao She said, "I seem to only seek a little inspiration when reading. A good impression is a good book, so there is no time for careful analysis. Impressive' is sometimes not the whole book, but the paragraph that interests me the most; Because this passage made me feel good about the whole book; In fact, the beauty of this paragraph is enough to ruin all the beauty, but I don't care; There is a saying that I like for two days and am grateful. "
Hua's "thickness" method
Hua advocates that the first step in reading is "from thin to thick" In other words, reading should be down-to-earth, and every concept and theorem should be thorough and clear. In this way, a thin book becomes "thicker" because of a lot of content, that is, after the step of "from thin to thick", there is a more important step, that is, on the basis of the first step, analyze and summarize, grasp the essence, grasp the whole, and achieve mastery. After such a careful analysis, you will feel that there are not many things to remember. This is a process of "from coarse to fine" to really improve efficiency.
Einstein's three-step reading method of "whole, divided and combined"
The so-called total is to form an overall impression of the book first. On the basis of browsing the preface, postscript, editing and other general things, read the table of contents carefully and get a general understanding of the structure, system, clue content and main points of the book.
The so-called "score" means reading the full text page by page on the basis of overall understanding, rather than word by word. In skimming, we should pay special attention to the key points in the book and the contents closely related to our own needs.
The so-called combination is to sort out and systematize the impressions obtained from reading the whole book, so that the viewpoints and materials can be organically combined. After careful thinking and synthesis, the internal relations of the whole book are clarified in order to achieve the purpose of summing up, deepening and improving.
Jack London's "Hungry Wolf" Reading Method
Jack London, an American writer, has been tempered by hardships and cherished reading opportunities. When he came across a book, he didn't use a sleigh to pry open its lock secretly, and then stole some contents. Instead, he is like a hungry wolf, putting his teeth into the throat of the book, sucking its blood violently, swallowing its meat and biting its bones! Until all the fibers and muscles in that book became a part of him.
Mao Mu's "Interesting" Reading Method
Mao Mu, an English writer, put forward the idea of "reading for fun", saying, "I don't recommend that you read another book before reading one. Personally, it is more reasonable to read five or six books at the same time. Because we can't keep the same mood every day, even in one day, we may not have the same enthusiasm for a book. "
Yang Zhenning's "Infiltration" Reading Method
Professor Yang Zhenning believes that since knowledge permeates and expands each other, the method of mastering knowledge should also be adapted to it. When we concentrate on studying a course or delving into a subject, if we consciously extend the tentacles of wisdom to the adjacent knowledge fields, it will inevitably produce a different artistic conception. As a link in the familiar knowledge chain, unexpected new discoveries are likely to be made. For those books of related majors, if time and energy permit, you might as well read them. It doesn't matter if you don't understand them for a while. Some valuable revelations may come from semi-communication. Infiltration learning will broaden our horizons, activate our thinking and greatly improve learning efficiency.
If you don't accumulate steps, you can't become a river. In this era of material supremacy, it takes a little effort to persist in learning from Shushan. Come on! !