Introduction to calligraphy
China's calligraphy is an original performance art of the Han nationality, which is known as: silent poetry, invisible dance; Painless paintings, silent music. In June 2008, it was selected into the national intangible cultural heritage list.
China people have always regarded poetry, calligraphy and painting as one family, or they are of the same origin. In the past, people in China used a brush to write poems and compositions, and used a brush to write paintings and calligraphy. Naturally, they were a family.
China's calligraphy can reflect a person's comprehensive qualities such as spiritual temperament and cultural accomplishment. Whether it is a single character box or a multi-character combination box, the strength of the pen, the mastery and cooperation of the techniques of starting, accepting, turning and receiving the pen must be just right. For example, Oracle Bone Inscriptions should be concise, seal script should be rich in the rhyme of bells, ding and brushes, official script should have the essence of Wei Bei (regular script) in Qin and Han Dynasties, the beauty of pine and cypress, ancient cypress, running script and cursive script in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it should be natural, elegant and beautiful, giving people the pleasure of arousing and watching.
Basic meaning
On the surface, calligraphy refers to the statutes of writing. In life, the word calligraphy has the following meanings. One is the pronoun of a written work or the collective name of all written works; Second, an art category generally refers to the art of writing Chinese characters. In Guang Yi and Zhou Shuang, Kang Youwei said: "The structure of Tang Yan is interesting for merchants in Song Dynasty", which shows that the pursuit of statutes in Tang Dynasty is the highest and most rigorous, and the achievements of calligraphy in Tang Dynasty are also the highest in the history of calligraphy.
Calligraphy is a unique traditional art in China. Chinese characters in China were created by working people and began to be recorded by pictures. After thousands of years of development, it has evolved into today's writing. Because our ancestors invented the brush, calligraphy came into being. Throughout the ages, Chinese characters were mainly written with a brush. As for other writing forms, such as hard pen and finger calligraphy, their writing rules are basically the same, but they are not completely different from China's calligraphy.
narrow sense
Calligraphy in a narrow sense refers to the methods and laws of writing Chinese characters with a brush. Including writing, calligraphy, stippling, structure, layout (distribution, lines, composition) and so on. For example, the pen refers to the palm and the five fingers are Qi Li; The pen carrying center is unfolded; Stippling is the same as a pen; The structure is shaped by words and echoes each other; The distribution is intricate, the density is appropriate, and the virtual and the real are born together, and the whole chapter is full of gas fields; Every word is ancient for literacy, and every word is big and small, and high is not as good as low.
The connotation of calligraphy mainly includes the following aspects:
1. Calligraphy refers to the art of expressing emotions with Four Treasures of the Study as a tool. The particularity of tools is an important aspect of the particularity of calligraphy art, and it is an important part of calligraphy techniques to fully embody the performance of tools with the help of Four Treasures of the Study. Without Four Treasures of the Study, there would be no calligraphy art.
2. Calligraphy art takes Chinese characters as the carrier. The particularity of Chinese characters is another important aspect of calligraphy particularity. China's calligraphy can not be separated from Chinese characters, and the form of Chinese character stippling and the collocation of radicals are the contents that writers pay more attention to. Different from other pinyin characters, Chinese characters are a combination of form, sound and meaning, which has strong formal significance.
The so-called "six books" of the ancients refer to six methods of pictographic, fingering, comprehending, pictophonetic, transliteration and borrowing of Chinese characters, which is of great guiding significance to the analysis of Chinese character structure.
3. The background of calligraphy art is China traditional culture. Calligraphy is rooted in China traditional culture, which is the background of its existence and development. The calligraphy theory we see today since the Han Dynasty has its own systematicness, integrity and orderliness. Calligraphy theory, like other literary theories, includes not only the technique theory of calligraphy itself, but also the aesthetic theory of calligraphy, all of which shine with the wisdom of ancient China literati. For example, the theory of how to express the categories of "spirit, qi, bone, flesh and blood" in calligraphy, the theory of techniques such as brushwork, calligraphy and composition, and the theory of creation and evaluation all have their own systems.
4. Calligraphy art noumenon includes brushwork, word method, composition method, ink method, gesture and so on. Calligraphy brushwork is the core content of its techniques. The brushwork, also known as "using a pen", refers to the pen-lifting method with a front. Morphology, also known as "knot" and "structure", refers to the relationship of collocation, insertion, echo and avoidance. Composition, also known as "white cloth", refers to the overall layout of a word, including the handling of the relationship between words and lines. Ink method is the method of using ink, which refers to the treatment of thick and thin dry and wet ink.
Calligraphy is a unique traditional culture and art in China. This is a rule of writing Chinese characters. China's calligraphy art is gradually accepted by Japanese and Korean cultures.
Chinese characters, also known as Chinese characters and Chinese characters, are widely used in the cultural circle of Chinese characters, belonging to morpheme syllables of ideographic characters, which were invented and improved by the ancient Han people. The exact history can be traced back to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty around 1300 BC. From Xiao Zhuan in Qin Dynasty to Xiao Zhuan in Han Dynasty, they were all named as "Chinese characters". In Tang Dynasty, it became the standard handwritten font used today-regular script. Chinese characters are the main characters that have been used for the longest time so far, and they are also the only characters that have been passed down to this day in various ancient writing systems. In China, Chinese characters are the main official languages of several generations.
broad sense
Calligraphy in a broad sense refers to the writing rules of language symbols. In other words, calligraphy refers to writing with its brushwork, structure and composition according to the characteristics and significance of words, making it a beautiful work of art.
With the development of cultural undertakings, calligraphy is not limited to using brush and writing Chinese characters, but its connotation has been greatly increased. For example, in the use of tools, there are many kinds of pens, such as writing brushes, hard pens, computer instruments, spray gun branding tools, carving knives, engraving machines, and daily tools (mainly hardware and daily tools with hard texture that can be used for writing). Pigments not only use black ink blocks, inks, adhesives, chemicals, lacquered glazes, etc., but also are colorful and strange; There are too many varieties to mention one by one. From the way of writing, some people write with their hands, others with their feet, and many people write with other organs. Some people don't even use pens to write, such as "pointing at books" and "squeezing books". In terms of writing style, it is not a kind of Chinese characters, and some minority languages have also entered the calligraphy art world, and Mongolian is an example;
There are five main calligraphy styles in China, namely, regular script (including regular script and printed script), running script (including running script and cursive script), cursive script (including Cao Zhang, grass, grass and standard cursive script), official script (including Gu Li and Jin Li) and seal script (including Da Zhuan and Xiao Zhuan).