Oracle Bone Inscriptions was discovered in 1899 (the 25th year of Guangxu). It was written on tortoise bones, animal bones and human bones in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and recorded activities such as divination and sacrifice. Strictly speaking, it can only be called calligraphy in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Because Oracle Bone Inscriptions has possessed the three basic elements of China's calligraphy: writing with a pen, writing with Chinese characters, and composition. However, not all previous picture symbols have these three elements.
Bronze inscriptions refer to characters (also known as inscriptions) cast or engraved on ancient bronzes, which are mainly represented by Mao's inscriptions in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Its structure is symmetrical and accurate, its lines are vigorous and steady, its layout is proper, and it is full of rational colors, which shows that the bronze inscription has developed to an extremely mature position.
(b) Qin dynasty calligraphy, which is the first of its kind.
Qin Shihuang annexed the world, and Prime Minister Li Si presided over the unification of the national characters, which was a great achievement in the cultural history of China.
After the unification of Qin Dynasty, these characters were called Qin Zhuan, also known as Biography, based on Jin Wen and Shi Guwen. The appearance of official script is a great progress of China characters and a revolution of calligraphy, which not only makes Chinese characters tend to be square, but also breaks through a single center in brushwork, laying a foundation for various calligraphy schools in the future.
(3) The Han Dynasty when Lishu flourished.
The main representative work of this period is 1973 Mawangdui Silk Book unearthed from No.3 Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province. It is the first-hand material to study the calligraphy of the Western Han Dynasty, and it has solved the problem of whether there are official scripts in the Western Han Dynasty, which has been debated by predecessors. "Mawangdui Silk Book" uses a steady and vigorous pen, which gives people a sense of meaning and roundness. Its composition is also very unique, different from simple books and stone carvings, wired and free in length. Have a strong sense of jumping rhythm. Generally speaking, it reflects the writing characteristics of the official system from printing to official.
(4) Wei and Jin calligraphy completed the evolution of calligraphy style.
This great era in the history of calligraphy has produced two great calligraphers-Zhong You and Wang Xizhi.
(e) Calligraphy of folk calligraphers in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Zhiyong (Southern Dynasties-Sui and Tang Dynasties) was a major calligrapher in this period. He is the seventh generation grandson of Wang Xizhi, and his main works are: thousands of words.
(6) The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of calligraphy.
The culture of the Tang Dynasty was profound and brilliant, reaching the peak of China's feudal culture, which can be described as "books flourished in the early Tang Dynasty". The calligraphy of the whole Tang Dynasty is the inheritance and innovation of the previous generation. In the early Tang Dynasty, there were Yu Shinan, Ou Yangxun and Chu Suiliang, followed by Li Yong, Zhang Xu, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and shihuaisu. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, and Li Bai, a poet, are also great calligraphers worth mentioning. Regular script, running script and cursive script all entered a new situation in the Tang Dynasty, with outstanding characteristics of the times, and their influence on later generations far exceeded that of any previous era.
(7) Calligraphy of the Five Dynasties and the Legacy of the Tang Dynasty
During the Five Dynasties, Yang Ningshi's calligraphy was praised. In the five dynasties when calligraphy declined, his calligraphy was the mainstay. Besides Yang, there are accomplished calligraphers like Li Yu and Yan Xiu. At this point, the honest and rigorous style of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty came to an end and gradually entered the vertical and horizontal directions. Later, the "four schools" in the Northern Song Dynasty followed suit and set off a new wave of the times.
(8) The calligraphy of the Song Dynasty by great calligraphers.
In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang were admired by later generations. Outside the four schools, Harmony is unique and can be called Tao.
(9) Tang Daizong Jin's calligraphy in Yuan Dynasty.
(10) Calligraphy in Ming Dynasty from Song and Yuan Dynasties to Jin and Tang Dynasties
The above is a brief history of the development of ancient calligraphy in China. As descendants of the Chinese people, we should all know something about China, a unique art category. The answer supplements the general history of China.
Oracle Bone Inscriptions 100
Compilation of ancient Chinese characters
Shuo Wen Jie Zi
Xiping Shijing
Ganlu catalpa
The answers to the new evidence of ancient history are,, Gao Ming, Xu Shen (Han), (Three Kingdoms) [Sages Collection], (Tang) Yan and Wang Guowei in turn.
Attached is a book on Guang Yi and Zhou Shuang (Qing Dynasty). Kang Youwei's own publishing house can write things like Zhonghua Book Company.
Having said so much, isn't it time to give points? ! Answer supplement dizzy ... for your extra points, add two more sentences.
Shuowen Jiezi, or Shuowen for short. The author is Xu Shen, a Confucian scholar and philologist in the Eastern Han Dynasty (dedicated to Emperor Han An). Shuo Wen Jie Zi was written in the 12th year of Han Yongyuan (100) to the first year of Andy Jianguang (12 1). This is the first dictionary in China.
Xu Shen founded 540 radicals according to the glyphs, and classified 9353 words into 540 parts. 540 parts were combined into 14 according to the shape system. According to this 14 category, the dictionary text is divided into 14 articles, with a title at the end of the volume and 15 articles in the whole book. Shuo Wen Jie Zi *** 15 volume, including preface 1 volume. In Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Xu Shen systematically expounded the law of Chinese characters-Liu Shu.
The style of Shuowen Jiezi is to list the seal script first, and if the ancient prose is different from the Shu prose, it will be listed later. Then explain the original meaning of words, and then strengthen the relationship between fonts and the meaning or pronunciation of words. The arrangement of radicals in Shuo Wen Jie Zi is based on the principle of similarity in form or meaning.
Shuowen Jiezi pioneered the radical search for Chinese characters, which was mostly adopted by later dictionaries. Duan Yucai called this book "an unprecedented book, written by Xu Jun".
In the word formation method, the theory of "six books" is put forward, that is, pictographic, ideographic, knowing, pictophonetic characters, phonetic symbols and borrowed sounds. In Shuo Wen Jie Zi. Xu gave a comprehensive and authoritative explanation of Six Books. Since then, "Six Books" has become a specialized knowledge.