The subject put these poems together to ask questions. Naturally, he already has a point that these poems express similar feelings. However, this topic ignores a problem. "Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellany" is a group of 60 poems, describing the rural scenery in spring, summer, autumn and winter and the life of farmers. So which one should we use for analysis?
Now refer to Fan Chengda's Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous Fun, which generally refers to his songs:
During the day, weeding in the fields and rubbing hemp thread at home at night, the men and women in the village took on all the housework. Although the children don't plow and weave, they also learn a kind of melon in the shade of mulberry trees.
This is a seven-character quatrain, which begins with rhyme and describes the customs of the summer resort. Poetry is not complicated, and there are not many profound meanings in it. From the perspective of an old man, the poet painted such a picture: children have become the main force of the labor force, while grandchildren are still learning busy and decent work. The pen is fresh, the description is delicate, and it is interesting to read.
Let's look at Yang Wanli's A Child Making Ice:
The youngest son has no ice in the golden basin, and the colored silk is worn as a silver pheasant. Tap the ice gently, the sound of wood passing through the forest. When the viewer is absorbed in the sound of wood, he suddenly hears another sound-the sound of ice falling to the ground, such as the sound of broken glass.
This is a four-line poem that rhymes from the beginning, betting on the "eight-watch" part of Pingshui rhyme. However, the word "and" in the first rhyme belongs to the "ten streams" part and belongs to the adjacent rhyme. This is the first rhyme in The Lonely Goose Out of the Group, which is a modern and harmonious poem.
The different forms of rhyme in the Song Dynasty are also various explorations made by poets under the circumstances that rhyme books are becoming more and more detailed and creation is becoming more and more flexible. This creation indirectly or directly leads to the great merger of rhyme. Compared with Guang Yun, Ping Shui Yun merged nearly half of the rhyme from 206 to 106, which has to be said to be related to the efforts of people in the Southern Song Dynasty.
As can be seen from the title of this poem, it is writing a dynamic scene. The children got up in the morning to take out the frozen ice in the copper basin and play with colored ropes as musical instruments. Pheasant, an ancient percussion instrument. It is made of bronze and looks like an inverted bronze bell with a long handle. Used for marching. Then there was a click, crunchy. "Qing" is also a percussion instrument, but it is made of jade and has a crisp sound.
Children play with ice. What about poets? This is the childlike innocence and fun of the elderly, which can make a child forget the cold in winter and keep his vitality and happiness as always. There are many similarities in psychological characteristics between children and the elderly, which is why the scene of children "breaking the ice" is very interesting in the eyes of the elderly.
Ok, now we have found the similarity between the poem "Four Seasons Pastoral Fun" and the poem "A Child Makes Ice". In that poem, the old man looks after the children and records the details of life. But Fan Chengda wrote several scenes, and Yang Wanli only grasped the dynamics of that moment. This natural interest close to life is worth recording and cherishing in the eyes of old people who have read Qian Fan.
What kind of mentality is this? Lakes and mountains, rivers run into the sea, not as good as a small courtyard surrounded by a grandson. Even if we choose other poems of Fan Chengda's Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous Interest, the mentality and emotion reflected are similar.
When we look at Lei Zhen's "Village Night" in the Southern Song Dynasty, we can notice that the authors of these three poems are all poets in the Southern Song Dynasty:
In a pond full of grass, the water is full of water, and the mountains cover the waves. Cowherd's child sat on the cow's back and casually played the tune with piccolo.
This is a four-part unique poem, starting from the beginning and entering the rhyme. Note that the rhyming words "Pi", "Yi" and "Chui" don't rhyme today, but they rhyme in Pingshui rhyme, that is to say, at that time, the pronunciation of these three words was similar.
What is this poem about? The pond covered with grass is full of water, and the mountains catch the sunset and drown the water waves. The shepherd boy sat on the back of the cow and played tuneless music with piccolo at will. The first two sentences of this poem are static scenery and the last two sentences are dynamic, but all the sparse and light descriptions reveal the poet's appreciation of Shan Ye's pastoral happiness.
This poem was written on the occasion of Lei Zhen's retirement, so he also observed and described the scenery of the mountain village and the shepherd boy playing the flute from the perspective of the elderly, and unconsciously revealed his satisfaction and love for this leisurely life.
So we can find out the similarities between these three poems, which is why the subject can juxtapose these three poems.
Why can these three works express similar feelings of seclusion and love for life?
In fact, behind this is the evolution of the whole Song Dynasty poetry and the change of the dynasty atmosphere, and the most crucial point is that these three poets have the same experience in literature.
I once wrote a special article "The Neglected Peak-Context of Song Poetry", which talked about the development and depression of Song poetry. We usually talk about the literature of the Southern Song Dynasty. Are there any poets? The first reaction of many friends may be the patriotic poet Lu You. But except for Lu you, my mind is blank. It's not our fault. When epigrams rose in large numbers and began to invade the territory of poetry, only Lu You really struggled in the Southern Song Dynasty. Later, the "Jianghu Poetry School" came out. Although the creative passion is high, its style and artistry are not high because the creator himself is in the lower level of literary world and officialdom.
However, it was this "Jianghu Poetry School" that occupied a large part of the poetry title in the late Southern Song Dynasty.
In fact, there were several other poets in the Southern Song Dynasty. Although there are no factions, it can be regarded as the orthodox inheritance and change of poetry in the Southern Song Dynasty. Four great poets in Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You, You Mao, Fan Chengda and Yang Wanli. What's the difference between these poets and "Jianghu Poetry School"?
These people are all officialdom middleman. Even Lei Zhen, whose life is blank, is a scholar in Jiading, Song Ningzong.
What does this mean?
This shows that these poets have a high family background and cultural level, not to mention whether their official careers are smooth or not, but at least they are all people who have been mixed up in the scene. The old-age works of these people are full of sex and fun, which is completely different from the feeling of bullying, unpretentious and vanity of the "Jianghu Poetry School".
The calm after the storm and the heartfelt love for the plain natural life are the feelings brought by these poems and the emotional expressions of these high-level literati.
When reading and analyzing poetry, we should put the poet and his works in the big era and environment and refer to the poet's personal experience, so as to truly grasp the focus of the works and express the poet's feelings.
Is his style subtle or frank?