The name is a person's address need, basically everyone will have their own name. China people's names are usually three or two words, and a few are four words, and the ancients are no exception. We modern people's names have the same meaning as people's names, but the names and characters in ancient people's names are separate. What do they mean?
Friends who have read The Romance of the Three Kingdoms all know Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao and Liu Bei, but they are not called Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao and Liu Bei when others call them. For example, Zhuge Liang is generally called Kong Ming, Cao Cao is called Meng De, and Liu Bei is called Liu Bei. The names here are Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao and Liu Bei. The characters are Kong Ming, Meng De and Liu Bei. Now that you have a name, why do you need words? In addition, there is another nickname, a person, who is famous and has a number. Is it no trouble to make a phone call? Did the ancients bother themselves when they were full and had nothing to do? As the saying goes, everything is rational, and since it exists, it must have its meaning.
"Ming", also known as "real name", appeared before the Xia Dynasty and was usually named three months after birth. It is a personal nickname. The word "Zi" is also called "ideogram", because the word "Zi" often explains and supplements the name and is related to the name, so it is also called "ideogram". According to textual research, the word "Zi" originated in Shang Dynasty, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, Shang Tang, whose name was Tang Dynasty.
As mentioned above, names and words are opposites, and their meanings can be not only the same but also the opposite. For example, astronomers Zhang Heng, Ping Zi, Qu Yuan, Ping Ming and Yuan Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty and poet Lu You in the Song Dynasty all have the same meaning here. There are more complementary meanings. For example, "Red" and "Luan" are two auspicious birds. The ancients named it after the word "Hong" and took the word "Luan". Hongliang, a writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, used the word "Bo Luan" and Bai Juyi used the word "Lotte", and "Lotte" and "Juyi" complement each other. Classical writers in Song Dynasty are more interesting. His word "no responsibility" means that only "compensation" can be without fault, that is, "no responsibility" However, there are also some characters with opposite names. The most familiar ones are Zhu, Zi Hui and Yuan Dynasty painter Zhao Mengfu. The word Ang, Yu Hui, Zhen and Ang are antonyms.
The ancients chose words by classics, and the crown ceremony was a symbol of the ancients' adulthood. The selection of words and the coronation ceremony were carried out at the same time. The coronation ceremony is at the age of 20. After choosing the words, you can get married and have children, which indicates that you can go to society. The ancients paid attention to the difference between seniority and rank, and the appellation of elders and peers was naturally different, and the choice of words was precisely to distinguish seniority. Ancient people's names are often used to address themselves, and writing is mainly for the convenience of others to address themselves. For people of the same age or equal status, it is offensive and disrespectful to call others by their first names, "by their first names" and "by their first names".
Call your name humbly without words; Elders are called by their first names to show respect and humility. In addition, teachers can call students and leaders by their first names, which is more cordial. However, it may be unsatisfactory to call them by their first names. According to Shu, you were born in March, so you have a young name. When you are twenty years old and you can't name it, add words to your crown. " Yi Li Guanshi Lee: "If you are crowned, you should respect its name. Your father used to call him by his name, and others called him by his name. " The usage of words and names is well explained. Not only men grow up with character, but also women. Before marriage, a woman was called "Wu Zi". When she reached marriageable age at fifteen, she needed to hold a gift and hold a word for her friend to call.
The ancients thought that the soul was very important, and the name represented the human soul. The ancients believed that people should avoid naming after death, so as not to infringe on the soul. Therefore, the feudal concept is deeply rooted, so they changed from taboo after death to taboo before life, and took a word that looked like a name. One of the taboo rules of the ancients was to avoid names and words. People use surnames and words in addressing, such as Cao Mengde, Zhou Gongjin, Zhao Zilong and Qu Yuan. That's what happened.
The ancients paid attention to the concept of hierarchy and often used names and words to express the seniority of family members, especially in the pre-Qin period. Confucius named "Zhong", in which the meaning of "Zhong" is the second meaning. In addition, there are uncles, uncles and four seasons, uncles are brothers, uncles and four seasons are brothers. Adding such a word before the first name or surname can indicate seniority. After Qin and Han dynasties, in order to express the relationship between peers or brothers, the same word or radical was gradually used in names or words. For example, Yan Gaoqing, a famous soldier who started the An Shi Rebellion, and his younger brothers Yan Yaoqing and Yan all had the word "Qing", and Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher of their generation, also used the word "Qing", and Su Shi, a writer in the Song Dynasty, and Su Zhe's younger brother * * * all used radicals.
In addition to names and words, the ancients also had numbers. "Good", also known as another name, is a fixed alias and a kind of respect for people. It originated in the Zhou Dynasty. "Zhou Li" said, "It is more beautiful to respect its name." However, not everyone has to play this number. Numbers are mostly given by literati and laymen, and there are many generations, patriarchal clan system and word meaning restrictions, so they can better reflect the feelings of people who play with numbers, and some people express cynical noble sentiments, such as Mr. Wu Liu of Tao Yuanming and Mr. Lian Chuan of Zhou Dunyi. Some people express contempt for powerful people and serve the motherland, such as Lu You. Li Bai's Qinglian Buddhist, Su Shi's Dongpo Buddhist in Song Dynasty, and Liu Ruju Buddhist in Tang Yin in Ming Dynasty have a good reputation. Compared with names and words, numbers can better express the author's personal thoughts and have deeper significance.
Although words and figures have not adapted to the requirements of the times, they are precious wealth of our national culture.