Shanglian:
Worry about the country, the people and the world.
Downlink:
Laugh right, laugh wrong, laugh all over the world.
Second link
Shanglian:
Wen Tao is like a flood, so you can't fight in a car.
Downlink:
Martial arts are like clouds, how can you express pen and ink with a pen?
The third link
Shanglian:
Give up one's life for righteousness, and there is no righteousness in the world.
Downlink:
If you are greedy, the world will not steal alone.
fourfold
Shanglian:
There should be a thousand connections and several returns.
Downlink:
The reply is half a word without rhyme.
The fifth link
Shanglian:
It's just that you can tell good from bad.
Downlink:
I can't catch up with Iraq and America.
The sixth link
Shanglian:
Wencheng went to Xiqiao, and Zhaojun went out to the north, if the water was tender and hidden.
Downlink:
Loyal to the East China Sea and brave to the south of the Yangtze River, the iron-blooded man inspires Sheng Zhonghua.
7 th company
Shanglian:
Old bamboo is not old.
Downlink:
Bonuses are more red.
The eighth link
Shanglian:
Flowers have just begun to bloom in front of the court.
Downlink:
Are you Mr. Li?
Jiulian
Shanglian:
The bomb hit the ship with far-reaching influence and great momentum.
Downlink:
There are no roads in the mountains, and Wenshan is strong and upright.
Tenth association
Shanglian:
Tired young people like toys,
Downlink:
Keep the iron pestle as a needle mill.
Basic knowledge of couplets
Couplets, also known as couplets, are couplets hung or pasted on walls and columns. It has a long history, and its origin is closely related to the formation and development of parallel prose. Parallel prose originated from Cao Zhi in Han Dynasty and matured in Liang Chen in Southern Dynasty, reaching a high artistic level. It is characterized by using even words, moving in opposite directions, taking harmony and forming rhyme, and reaching far and wide. Some scholars say that couplets are "descendants of parallel prose", which is quite insightful.
Regular poems formed in the early Tang Dynasty have neat sentence patterns, just like couplets. The law fu that rose after the Six Dynasties emphasized the harmony of sound and rhyme and the neatness of antithesis. Many of the upper and lower sentences of these poems are couplets themselves. No matter whether it is a five-character poem or a seven-character poem, each capital has eight sentences, of which the third, fourth, fifth and sixth sentences must be relative. This poetic style has been used by people for more than 1000 years from the Tang Dynasty to the present. Couplets come from the dual body represented by metrical poems. Therefore, it can also be said that couplets are derivatives of rhymes and rhymes in the early Tang Dynasty.
Judging from the development history of antithetical couplets, it sprouted before the regular poems, developed after the regular poems, and flourished in the Qing Dynasty, when poetry was declining. It is said that China's couplets first appeared in Spring Festival couplets. Spring Festival couplets are transformed from "Fu Tao". Fu Tao was born in the Qin Dynasty. On two crimson mahogany boards, "Shen Tu" and "Lei Yu" are written, or two gods are painted to ward off evil spirits and pray for happiness. With the appearance of parallel prose and the stereotyped development of metrical poems, the content of Fu Tao has also been updated, resulting in Fu Tao Poetry engraved with two antitheses, which is the earliest prototype of couplets. There are different opinions about when and by whom couplets were produced. However, according to Tan Sitong's textual research, Liu Kaochuo, a writer in Nanliang, could not dismiss from office, and said, "Close the door to celebrate the hanging, and lie down and thank the public for chatting." The third sister asked Xian to continue: "The fallen flowers are still in harmony, and the jungle is harvested." Although this is a poem, the sentences are all parallel and inscribed on the door, so it can be called the first couplet. Compared with the Spring Festival couplets of the five generations of Meng Chang, which have long been regarded as pioneers, "New Year's Qing Yu; Jiajie Changchun has been popularized for nearly 400 years.
Couplets pay attention to refining words and meanings. Couplet writers should use refined words, ingenious ideas and the finishing touch to create works with rich feelings, vivid images, strange ideas and rich meanings. So couplets can be fascinating, thought-provoking, thought-provoking and inspiring. Since couplets became a unique style, because of its quintessence, like "Chun Xue" and "Xialiba people", they flew from scholar-officials to the people and penetrated into thousands of households. It is precisely because of its broad and profound mass base and strong vitality that couplet fever has been enduring for thousands of years and has been appreciated and loved by the broad masses of the people in China. It has truly become the soul treasure of the Chinese nation and can be called a wonderful flower in China's art garden.
Because couplets are usually written in classical artistic language, elegant, refined and beautiful, with a wide range of themes, rich content and wonderful charm. At the same time, there are many ways to express it: describing the scenery with things, chanting things, expressing feelings, remembering the past, promoting the good and restraining the evil, etc. In addition, it is a comprehensive art combined with calligraphy, and the two set each other off as interest, showing a mysterious, magnificent and elegant artistic beauty.
Many couplets not only have the same literary and aesthetic significance as poems, but also win more readers and are widely used. In the previous imperial examinations, emperors of past dynasties chose the number one scholar and often used couplets; In the communication between literati and writers, we should exchange gifts with couplets; Visiting places of interest will also ask impromptu questions. In modern times, with the progress of society and the improvement of people's cultural living standards, couplets are used more widely. In folk festivals, promoting new homes, wedding celebrations or opening, couplets are now used in hotel tea kiosks, college shops, pavilions and pavilions. It is "thousands of families always change new peaches into old ones." Regardless of ancient times or modern times, in our vast countryside, we all like to paste Spring Festival couplets. Spring Festival is coming, and spring is coming. Hanging an eye-catching couplet in the hall or in front of the door is just a different mood.
Couplets are a unique art form, which has a history of thousands of years. In this long development process, it has left us a lot of couplets and anecdotes, which are the soul treasures of our Chinese nation and art worthy of our development. In real life, couplets enrich our cultural life, which is really appealing to all ages in Xian Yi. So: add luster to the people in the garden; There is a strange smell in the lotus garden.
Basic knowledge of couplets II:
Rules of couplets and limericks
Name to name, move to move,
True to true, virtual to virtual,
Looking at the numbers up and down,
The parts of speech have the same structure.
Words in the upper and lower sentences, etc.
There is no bug between them.
Couplet rules and plane articles
When I say "Ping", I mean one sound and two sounds (referring to one sound and two sounds in Chinese Pinyin, such as Yan Yan 1, Yan Yan 2).
He said it three times and four times. (refers to the three tones and four tones in Chinese Pinyin, such as Yan 3 and Yan 4)
I ended the last sentence with a letter,
Most importantly, he ended up with an apartment.
Three-level tail, three-level tail, (refers to the last three words of the upper part or the lower part)
Couplets are taboo.
135 bit can be ignored, (135 refers to the odd number that is up-linked or down-linked)
The word "246" is clever and distinctive. (246, refers to the upper part or the lower part, ranking even)
135,
The world Chinese characters are dominated by me.
246,
He said, come on, I said, okay,
He said come on, I said even. Tap the leveler carefully,
A catchy tongue can establish a good connection.
Measurement of couplets
Couplets are an independent style, which consists of two equal-length written and antithetical Chinese character sequences. To create and appreciate couplets, we must understand the rhythm of couplets. Case, form also refers to the duality of words, sentence grammar, rhythm, etc. Rhyme, phonology, refers to the law of flat and even arrangement. In other words, the metrical pattern of couplets is the combination method, duality, parallelism, sentence pattern, sentence pattern and related format rules of sentences by the upper and lower couplets according to their own characteristics. The metrical requirements of couplets are extremely strict and the antithesis is rigorous.
The basic meter of couplets can not be separated from the following six elements: sentence equivalence, sentence proportionality, balance and harmony, part of speech equivalence, structural correspondence and content correlation.
Words are equal. In addition to deliberately leaving the position of a word to achieve a certain rhetorical effect, it is also required that the number of words in the same couplet must be equal. Because couplets are divided into single sentences, double sentences and multiple sentences, not only the total number of words in the upper and lower couplets should be equal, but also the number of words in each sentence should be equal. Of course, the requirement of sentence equivalence is not a simple "word collection", but also requires the semantic integrity of the sentence.
Sentence patterns are commensurate. The language expressed by a complete sentence is composed of many words and phrases. In a sentence, a word or phrase is a step, also called a "rhythm point". The "sentence collocation" of couplets requires the same rhythm of the upper and lower couplets, such as the couplet I created, "Cangshan Jade Water, Yunfeng Bi; "Golden Flowers, Snow and Moonlight in Erhai Lake", the upper and lower couplets are all 222 1 sentence, while the couplets "Trees are not old in winter; Autumn leaves "is also the same two-one-two sentence pattern.
Plain and harmonious. The difference between couplets and other styles lies in the structure, which is a tone structure, not a grammatical structure, that is, the juxtaposition order between sentences. Couplets pay attention to the level of words, which is summarized according to the rise and fall of Chinese tones. Flat pitch, including Yin Ping and Yang Ping; Errors are uneven, with rising, falling and entering tones. Generally speaking, the last word of the upper couplet is flat, and the last word of the lower couplet must also be flat, that is, "flat and flat." In the antithesis, through the ingenious arrangement of flat tones, the beautiful rhythm of couplets is formed, and the flat tones are used alternately to make the syllables harmonious and changeable. To make couplets beautiful, we should skillfully use the interlacing and opposition of flat tones to make the rhythm forceful and catchy when singing and reading. In a couplet, flat and even words appear alternately, mostly forming a syllable. The word "Ping Bian" has the same position in two sentences, but it is generally opposite. Sometimes because of the content, as long as it does not affect harmony, individual flat lines in couplets can also be changed. Any irregular sentence with flat lines is called awkward sentence and can be remedied by alternative methods. Changing the flat line is called "difficult to save" Therefore, a rule has been formed since ancient times: 135 regardless; Two, four and six are completely different. This is true of both metrical poems and couplets.
Part-of-speech equivalence is the essence of antithetical couplet art. That is to say, the words corresponding to the upper and lower links should use real words for real words and function words for function words. Specifically, it is noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, adverb to adverb, quantifier to quantifier. For example, I created a couplet for the gate of Shi Gui Primary School: "Stone Castle hatches thousands of phoenixes; Ten thousand dragons have been bred in He Jiong River, and the corresponding words "Shi Bao and He Jiong River" are nouns, "incubating and breeding" are verbs, "thousands and ten thousand dragons" are quantifiers, and "dragons and phoenixes" are nouns.
Corresponding structure refers to what syntax sentences are combined according to, so the syntax of sentence combinations must be the same. That is, subject-predicate structure versus subject-predicate structure, verb-object structure versus verb-object structure, partial structure versus partial structure, joint structure versus joint structure, preposition structure versus preposition structure, and verb-complement structure versus verb-complement structure. For example, my couplet "Hold the grass-roots positions; Good neighbors ",the upper and lower couplets are both verb-object structures.
Content related. Couplets not only require duality, but also the contents of the upper and lower couplets must be interrelated, so as to set off each other and form a sharp contrast, and express the same theme with * * *, so as to achieve the effect of complementing each other or opposing each other and form an organic whole. Of course, the upper and lower couplets cannot "cross hands", that is, the upper and lower couplets cannot express the same meaning. For example, the Spring Festival couplets, which are generally old shops, "have a prosperous business and are spread all over the world; Sanjiang is rich in financial resources. "A pair of couplets, straightforward and neat, are very popular with business people. However, after in-depth study, it will be found that "connecting the four seas" and "reaching the three rivers" are the same meaning, which is suspected of "crossing hands". The ideal antithetical couplet is at arm's length, which is more weighty, progressive, turning or inheriting than antithetical couplet. Through the description of the characteristics, nature and state of things, people's understanding and attitude towards things are reflected, so as to achieve thought-provoking and memorable enjoyment.
Therefore, the creation of couplets should be: the words should be consistent with the content; The coordination of leveling is of great significance.