(1) It is impossible for calligraphy in the Northern Song Dynasty to pursue individuality, ignore statutes and advocate inte
(1) It is impossible for calligraphy in the Northern Song Dynasty to pursue individuality, ignore statutes and advocate intentionality; Landscape painting has developed into an independent painting, and painters pay more attention to artistic conception. Its common feature is to emphasize spirit and artistic conception. (4 points)
(2) Rulers attach importance to literati, the rise of the civil class, and the rich and colorful social life. The rise of Neo-Confucianism makes the literati pay more attention to their inner cultivation, and calligraphy and painting also have the same social life environment. (6 points)
Test analysis: (1) According to the information in the material 1, such as "My book is intended to make this book impossible", "I am absorbed in this" and "I am distracted by this", we can see that the characteristics of calligraphy are: pursuing individuality and ignoring statutes, advocating intentional impossibility; According to the second material, "Song Huizong and Evonne are good at painting flowers and birds, which not only established the Royal Academy of Painting, but also had an examination system", we can see that the characteristics of painting are: landscape painting has developed into an independent kind of painting, and painters pay more attention to artistic conception. Judging from the materials and the above answers, there is a common feature: emphasis on spirit and artistic conception.
(2) According to the textbook, the painting and calligraphy in the Northern Song Dynasty showed these characteristics, mainly because of the political emphasis on literati at that time. With the development of commodity economy, the rise of citizen class has a great relationship with the rise of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty, which makes scholars pay more attention to inner cultivation.