The difference between outreach and infighting
The difference between outreach and infighting is that calligraphy is an art that many parents will send their children to learn. In many people's eyes, calligraphy is calligraphy, and practicing calligraphy means following posts. But in fact, calligraphy has been circulating for thousands of years, and there are many stresses. Let's share the differences between outreach and infighting. The difference between external extension and internal extension 1
Internal extension and external extension are two concepts of calligraphy, and they are also the essentials of brushwork that need to be mastered in the process of calligraphy learning.
since ancient times, there have been many arguments about internal strife and external expansion, but there are different opinions. Qing Kang Youwei's "Guang Yi Zhou Shuang Tan" says: "The beauty of calligraphy lies in the pen. It's important to do everything in the countryside ... Only use a pen and a pen; The pen is included, and the pen is extended; Those who contain it are vigorous, and those who expand it are strong; Those who contain the seal script are also famous, while those who extend the seal script are also famous for their skills. Xiao San, the author of the circle, is transcendent, while Fang, the author, is calm, stiff, and bloody. The rounder uses a pump, while the other uses a whip. " Kang Youwei linked the internal struggle and external expansion with Fiona Fang who used a pen. Furthermore, it is expounded that wrist-force brushwork can be rounded, and it can be used in Zheng Wengong, Heheming, calligraphy and cursive script. The finger force operation is convenient for Fang Bi, but difficult for self-transportation. It can be divided into blocks, and it can be used in Europe and willow, but it can't be used as grass. Although this theory was also mentioned by the ancients, there are different opinions about Kang's point of view in ancient and modern times.
Mr. Shen Yinmo, a master of modern calligraphy, thinks that "the internal struggle is bone (backbone) and the external struggle is muscle (strength)", which is similar to Kang Youwei's view, that is, it only describes the skin appearance of the internal struggle and the external struggle, but does not touch the essence of brushwork. Mr. Shen Yinmo further explained that when a pen is close, it is for internal strife, and vice versa. This is also the reason why later generations distinguish the calligraphy of the "two kings" with internal struggle and external expansion.
Mr. Shen Yinmo also classified some inscriptions, and thought that most of the calligraphy styles of the Northern Monument, Ou Yangxun and Liu Gongquan in the Qin and Han Dynasties belonged to internal struggle, while Zheng Wengong, Yan Monument of the Dragon and Temple Monument of the Song Gaoling, etc.
accordingly, it can be considered that the predecessors' summary of the two brushstrokes, namely, internal criticism and external extension, is only for the purpose of distinguishing the context of calligraphy clearly and helping learners to distinguish the style of calligraphy clearly, and it does not involve the substantive issues of brushstrokes. Moreover, this is relatively speaking, and there is no unified standard answer. In calligraphy practice, calligraphers can constantly sum up the experience of their predecessors and recognize and judge them in combination with their own calligraphy experience. The difference between external extension and internal extension 2
internal extension refers to the gesture of convergence
external extension refers to the gesture of vertical extension.
Shen Yinmo, a close friend, thinks: "The pen's tightening is caused by internal strife; On the contrary, it must be outreach. It is very reasonable for later generations to distinguish the two kings' calligraphy traces by internal struggle and external expansion. It is said that the king (Xizhi) is internal struggle and Xiao Wang (offering) is external expansion. Try to read the book of the king, vigorous and upright, beautiful and quiet; Xiao Wang's book, just soft and obvious, is flashy and real. " And pointed out: "Internal struggle is the book of strength, and external expansion is the book of strength."
the `difference' between external extension and internal extension 3
internal extension and external extension are a group of concepts that we often encounter during the study of calligraphy. Its correct meaning has always been interpreted differently in the history of books. In Kangxi Dictionary, the meaning of "yè" is: "Press with one finger." That is, press with one finger. Internal collapse, that is, pressing inward with one direction. Tuò is interpreted as "carrying things by hand, pushing things by hand." Extension, with pointing up, push up.
This word was first seen in Yuan Mao's General Comment on the Book Family. In this book, he said: "The right army is restrained by the pen, so it is strict and has statutes; The big order uses the pen to expand and open the outline, so it is scattered and colorful. " The meaning of this passage is that Wang Xizhi pressed inward with his pen, and the pen tip converged, so the words he wrote were imposing and rigorous. Let's start with the pen technique to discuss what is the internal struggle and external struggle ~
Analysis of the pen technique of internal struggle and external struggle:
First, let's analyze it with two pictures: first, let's look at the first ~
Sketch diagram of stroke force
Above: the stroke is the first break (the zigzag line in Area A).
Analysis with a pen:
One fold: the tip of the pen points to the positive side of the stroke, and after the upper side of the horizontal painting is straight or the left side of the vertical painting is vertically and briskly squeezed into the paper, the belly of the pen is wrapped in the pen to the negative side (the lower right side of the horizontal painting and the lower right side of the vertical painting) to form a big yin trend. Just as Zhu He's book on soup says: "The autumn eagle fights rabbits, and its wings are swept away, and it suddenly grabs them", indicating that it is in a smooth situation; "Surprise the snake into the grass, birds out of the forest" means that it is fast, and if it is slow or does not follow the trend, it will appear strange because of excessive extensional elements.
two folds: wrap the abdomen from the yin side to the sun side (from bottom to right to upper middle side in horizontal drawing, and from right to left middle side in vertical drawing).
Tri-fold: When the pen tip passes through the intersection of Yin and Yang, it pushes out to the sunny side, that is, the upper side of the horizontal painting is straight out and the left side of the vertical painting is vertical out to collect the pen, or it continues to be cloudy.
Let's take a look at the schematic diagram of the stroke direction in Figure 2 ~
: The stroke is the first fold (the zigzag line in Area A), the stroke is the second fold (the zigzag line in Area B), and the stroke is the third fold (the zigzag line in Area C).
Analysis with a pen:
One fold: the abdomen of the pen is toward the negative side of the stroke, and the pen is slightly lifted to the sunny side (the lower side of the horizontal painting and the right side of the vertical painting) after being wrapped in the pen;
two folds: draw the pen from the positive side to the middle line of the line;
Three folds: when the pen front passes through the intersection of Yin and Yang, it wraps the pen belly to the yin side (the lower right side of horizontal painting and the lower right side of vertical painting). Schematic diagram:
From the discussion of the methods of using the pen for "internal folding" and "external folding", it can be seen that when it is "internal folding", the food, middle finger and ring finger "are" At the same time, the thumb "holds" the pen and pushes it to the left, so the "extension" is also completed at the same time. Using this method is two actions, two directions and one process. It was done at one time. In other words, "internal conflict" and "external expansion" cannot be completed separately.
in this way, we can say that a certain pen is "internal", and we can only say that a certain pen is dominated by "internal" and supplemented by "external". Similarly, when we say that a pen is "external expansion", we also mean that it is mainly based on "external expansion" and supplemented by "internal expansion". The two brushstrokes complement each other, and no one can do without each other. For the sake of simplicity, in practical application, we don't say so, just say "internal struggle" and "external expansion".