The country prospered by appointing and enabling sages, but declined by abandoning sages and putting oneself first. Both of them are inevitable trends, and common sense is well known in ancient and modern times. Why can a world of public security prosper while a world of chaos does not? Some say it's useful, not useful. It is a blessing for the country to use virtue, but it is useless if it is not used or necessary. The prosperity of commerce also includes Zhong and Yi Yin, and its decline also includes Sanren. Zhou Zhihang also has ten people of one mind, and his decline is also due to his sacrifice to the public and his father's internal history. The rise of the Han Dynasty was also attributed to the followers of Xiao, Cao, Kou and Deng, and its decline was also attributed to the followers of Wang Jia, Fu, Chen Fan. As for Wei and Jin, they can't be mentioned, but the same is true when the world rises and falls. From this perspective, those who are virtuous and those who use them are also the blessing of the country. If they are not used, they will not be used. Can they be careless? Today is still ancient, today's world is ancient, and today's scholars are also ancient scholars. Although ancient times were prosperous, there were still many talented people. Today, the situation is so peaceful. How can you say that there is no such thing? It's just for you. Consult the public and you will be able to enter; If there are no taboos, the straight road will be opened; If you are not a villain, stay away; If you don't stick to tradition, then people who stick to their posts will be treated differently; If you don't blame others for being meticulous, you will certainly do your best. If you do this, why not cross the Han and Wei Dynasties and practice the path of the Five Emperors and Huang San?
Translation:
The country can be rich and strong only by appointing talents, and can decline only by the monarch's own opinions, because talents are not needed. These two points are the inevitable laws of social development, which have always been the case, and ordinary people can recognize them. But why in the era of peace and stability, with talents, you can prosper; In that chaotic and turbulent era, even if there are such people, can't they flourish? It depends on whether to hire these talented people. It is the blessing of the country to have talents appointed; Talented people don't use it, just like it's useless. When Shang Dynasty rose, there were sages like Zhong You and Yi Yin, and when it declined, there were sages like Sanren (Wei Zi and Ji Zi, Bigan). When the Zhou Dynasty rose, ten sages were United with the prince of Wu. When it declined, there were also such sages who sacrificed to the public and sought ancestors. When the Han Dynasty rose, there were people like Xiao He, Cao Can, Kou Xun and Deng Yu. When it declined, there were also many saints Jia, Fuxi, Chen Fan and others. From Wei Jin to Tang Dynasty, there were many such sages, so it is impossible to list them all. Some appeared in the boom period, and some appeared in the decline period, as above. From this perspective, it is a blessing that the country has talents and appoints talents; Talented people don't use it, just like it's useless. How can you not be cautious about this situation? The situation today is similar to that in ancient times. Today's world is just like the ancient world. Today's scholars and people are just like ancient scholars and people. In ancient times, as mentioned above, there were many talents, but now there is nothing wrong with it. How can we say that there are no wise men? It depends on how the monarch and the superior are appointed. Solicit the opinions of all people extensively, and talents can use it; Without taboos, people dare to speak out; If you don't get close to the villain, the flatterer will be alienated; People in charge of relevant departments will be able to handle affairs clearly, without haggling over the details of documents or being influenced by secular views; People who are capable of doing things can get corresponding results according to their own ideas without picking on other people's minor faults. If we can do this, are we still afraid that we can't surpass the Han Dynasty, three generations and reach the flourishing age of the Five Emperors Huang San?
2. Author's brief introduction Xing Anshi, an outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was one of the eight masters of classical Chinese in Tang and Song Dynasties. After his death, posthumous title became a "writer". He made outstanding achievements in the literature of the Northern Song Dynasty. His poem "Learn from Du Fu's Thin and Bitter Lyrics" (Liu Xizai) is good at reasoning and rhetoric, and is good at using allusions. His style of writing is vigorous and powerful, with exquisite warning and delicate charm. There is "Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan".
He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. 1042 (the second year of Li Qing), ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui Jinshi list, and successively served as the prison officer of Huainan magistrate, Yinxian magistrate, Changzhou magistrate and Tiaodian Jiangdong. 1067 (the fourth year of Zhiping), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, Zhao 'an learned jiangning house from Stone, and was summoned as a bachelor of Hanlin. 1069 (the second year of Xining), he was promoted to participate in politics. Starting from the third year of Xining, he served as a reformer twice and promoted the new law. Xi Ning lived in seclusion after nine years' strike and died in Zhongshan, posthumous title, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Its political reform had a far-reaching impact on the social economy in the early Song Dynasty and had the characteristics of modern changes. Known as "the greatest reformer in China in the 11th century" by Lenin, Bai Yang was once called "six great politicians" in China with Guan Zhong, Shang Yang, Zhuge Liang, Wang Meng, Wang Anshi and Zhang. 1058 (the third year of Jiayou) In October, Wang Anshi, who was in Jiangdong Prison, was transferred to the Central Committee as the third division judge. In order to save the crisis, revitalize the country and consolidate the feudal rule, he made full use of the gap in this mobilization work, summed up and sorted out his practical experience and theoretical thinking for many years since he entered politics, and wrote the famous book The Words of Emperor Renzong, suggesting that Renzong should "reform" the country's rejuvenation. Two years later, Wang Anshi was appointed as the imperial edict. He wrote a book on current affairs and reiterated the previous discussion.
1069 February, Song Shenzong took Wang Anshi as a consultant and began to reform. The main contents of Wang Anshi's political reform are: average loss method, young crops method, farmland water conservancy method, exemption method (also known as maintenance method), municipal reform method, exemption method and field division method; Sun Tzu's art of war, armor law, horse protection law (armor and horse raising law), and the establishment of military equipment supervision; It also reformed schools and the imperial examination system, and merged states and counties. Under the auspices of Zongshen, the new law was basically implemented. 1085, Zhezong acceded to the throne, Sima Guang became prime minister, and the new law was abolished. Wang Anshi's political reform changed the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty to some extent. "Xing Xian" is an article that he created momentum for later reforms.
3. Zhang Dafu's Notes on Meihua Caotang Volume 6 Translation Zhang Dafu (about1554-1630) was born in Pian Yu Square, Xingxianli, Kunshan, Suzhou.
There are also some works praising the prosperity of the Ming Dynasty in Notes of Plum Blossom Cottage, such as The Thirteen Volumes of Tai Chang Chu. Mr. Feng Kaizhi likes drinking tea, and he likes making his own tea best. Someone asked him why, and he replied:' It feels like getting a beautiful woman and ancient calligraphy and painting, how can it easily fall into the hands of others!' Everyone who heard it was very grateful.
But every time Mr. Feng receives guests, he talks endlessly and can't stop. The servants cleaned the teapot and waited on it. Speaking of * * *, before putting the tea, (Sir) poured the boiling water in.
Mr. Wang (drinking boiled water) has never been unhappy, saying that tea is good, but guests dare not say yes. So people nicknamed Mr. Feng Kaizhi' Mr. Baishui'.
4. "Jiang Yao, the word Cui Qing reading questions and answers and translation" Ancient poetry original text and translation author: Read the following classical Chinese, complete10 ~1title, the word Cui Qing, belongs to Anren.
Jinshi in the twelfth year of Hongzhi. Teach pedestrians.
When Zheng De was in power, he experienced the imperial history of two capitals. Chen Shi had seven evils, saying, "There are 6,000 craftsmen and two supervisors in the Military Bureau of the Inner Government. Now there are more than 60 people, accounting for 30 military craftsmen.
His department said it was safe and sound. "He also said:" It is right to preach and teach to solve doubts and accept an extra captain soldier.
Although Liu Jin was punished, his power remained in his official position. "Have purport heckled, and said," since today, such as yao yi, don't repeat it ".
Find out the magistrate of Jingzhou. Build Huangtan levee.
Adjust Yangzhou. Wu Zongnan swam to Yang, and Yao provided the imperial tools, leaving nothing behind.
All the lucky ones are angry. Yao can't take the rich man's mansion as the mighty vice president's mansion.
The guest accepted Yao's empty house to humiliate him, and held the son of heaven to make the princes' copper claws, not for fear. Hui Di caught a big fish and joked that it was 500 gold. Bing immediately blamed Yao.
Yao Huai took his wife, Auricularia and Ruan, and received them, saying, "There is no money in the treasury, and that's all I have." The emperor laughed it off.
Therefore, the government has a concept of Qionghua, which is called Qionghua. Yao Yan said that since the inauguration ceremony of Song Hui and Qin Bei, this flower has been unique, and there is nothing to offer today.
Another decree was issued to collect foreign objects, and Yao furniture was not produced. The emperor said: "weaving white cloth is not a way to promote production." Yao had to offer 500 horses.
When it is time, the right is lucky to promote glory and ask for everything. Slight glory, people and heavy difficulties.
Driving around, Yao Hu (4) is the most precious. The clock had to use the iron pier (⑤ Yao), and it was released in a few days, but it returned to Linqing.
When the young people saw Yao, they all cried. He moved to Shaanxi to participate in politics and worked hard to build a shrine to worship, and his name was greatly shocked.
At the beginning of Jiajing, Li Huguang, the left and right envoys of Jiangxi, and the right deputy were the governors of Henan. The emperor ordered Gui Calyx and other nuclear governors to stay and Yao to wait for the tune.
Already, tired of moving to the Minister of Industry. When the suburbs are built, with the addition of the prince, there will be less insurance.
Xiyuan Palace was completed and the emperor gave a banquet. Seeing Yao and his relatives sitting outside, he ordered them to move to the temple, and the clan moved to the right of the temple, so that Yao said, "It is better to respect the virtuous than to kiss them."
The most important thing is this. At that time, the construction was prosperous, and the annual cost was one million.
Yao's planning is salty and emperor-like. You can rest assured that he has given many things. For a long time, from the Nanjing Ministry of Industry Shangshu, he was called to change to the north.
The emperor was lucky enough to inherit heaven, and Yao was a retinue. The construction of the capital and the services of the Beijing army are mostly occupied by the Hao family.
Even big jobs happen frequently, and at the age of 20, people are recruited to serve, which costs more than two million. Yao thinks so, because please stop those who are not in a hurry.
After the retreat of the Hao family, the fundraising was greatly reduced. Learn from old age.
Yao Duan Liang Qingjie. When you get home, you will find yourself in an obscure alley.
Together with Shangshu Liu Lin and Gu, they formed a literary wine club and wandered among the mountains. He died at the age of eighty-nine.
Give a tribute to Prince Taibao. —— Excerpts from Notes of Ming History: ① Lucky courtiers or beauties; ② (b √); ③ (ancient √); ④: guards; ⑤ (gēng); thick rope 10. For the following sentences,
Check for Jingzhou magistrate: B soon. Bing immediately accused Yao of direct responsibility: instructing and blaming C.
Move to Shaanxi to participate in politics: wait until D. despise Yao, the people are heavy on poverty: if there is no 1 1. In the following sentences, the one with the same meaning and usage is () A.
He threatened to give the emperor the right to bronze claws. Fortunately, he wanted everything to promote prosperity. Don't worry, please apologize for the guests coming to Gate C of Lin Xiangru.
The humiliating works of Shi Shuo and Yao's Empty House are symbols of D. I returned to Linqing and thought about it all day. 12. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese (***9 points) ① Emperor Wu Jia Qi Yi sent troops to the corps commander to keep the Huns in the Han Dynasty.
(2 points) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (3 points) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3 points) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (3 points) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ It is inevitable that the country will promote the virtuous and abandon the virtuous.