The world's largest peach weight
The flat peach in the garden has a unique fruit shape, and it is big and bright (the largest fruit is 3? 4 grams), the meat is delicate, sweet and delicious, and the fruit is rich in various nutrients. After eating, it can nourish the heart and promote blood circulation, clear away heat and beautify the face, moisten the intestines and relieve constipation, and help digestion, which is deeply loved by consumers. Flat peach bears early fruit and high yield. Generally, it can bear fruit in two years and benefit in three years. It has strong high and stable yield, and the fruit ripening and harvesting period is concentrated (August 1? September 5), mainly selling fresh food, the fruit is not resistant to storage and transportation, and it is easy to brown and rot.
Garden Flat Peach (Yinglaer variety) is a specialty fruit of Xinjiang Overseas Chinese Farm (No.143 Group of No.8 Agricultural Division), and its products are favored by friends at home and abroad. In September, 2, the 143rd Regiment of the Eighth Agricultural Division was approved by the China Agricultural Society, the Specialty Economic Committee and the China Specialty Hometown Recommendation and Publicity Campaign Organizing Committee to be named? Hometown of Flat Peach in China? .
What are the kinds of peaches?
There are more than 3, varieties of peaches all over the world. There are about 8 species in China, which can be divided into five species groups according to their geographical distribution, biological characteristics and morphological characteristics:
Northern species groups
mainly distributed in the Yellow River valley of China, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang and other provinces (autonomous regions), and a few in Qinghai, Ningxia and Northeast China. Cold-resistant, drought-resistant, not suitable for high temperature and humid southern climate. Medium and short fruit branches bear fruit mainly. The apex of the fruit is protruding and the suture line is deep. According to the meat quality, it is divided into two categories: ① hard-fleshed peaches. When it is hard and ripe, the flesh is crisp and hard. When it is fully ripe, the flesh becomes soft or fluffy, with less juice, such as? April and a half? 、? Fresh in May? And particularly late in maturity? Qingzhou peach? 、? Winter peach? Wait. 2 peaches. When hard cooked, the meat is dense and resistant to storage and transportation; After ripening, the meat is soft and juicy, such as? Feicheng Buddha peach? 、? Shenzhou peach? 、? Tianjin shuimi? Wait.
the southern variety group
is distributed in the south of the Yangtze river basin, with Jiangsu and Zhejiang being the most, followed by Sichuan and Yunnan. Adapting to warm and humid climate, the ability of cold resistance and drought resistance is weak. This group is also divided into two categories: ① hard-fleshed peaches. There are many single flower buds, mainly medium and short fruit branches, with slightly protruding fruit top, crisp and dense pulp and less juice, such as? Lu lintao? 、? Small summer peach? 、? Ivory white? 、? Erzaotao? Wait; 2 peaches. Including most Japanese varieties. There are many compound flower buds, mainly with long fruit branches. The top of the fruit is flat and round, the suture line is shallow, the flesh is soft and juicy, the skin can be peeled off, and it is not resistant to storage and transportation, such as? Yulu? 、? White flowers? 、? Shanghai shuimi? 、? Bai feng? 、? Okubo? 、? Okayama white? Wait.
Yellow meat population
was originally distributed in the northwest and southwest of China, with more in Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Yunnan and other provinces (autonomous regions). At present, a new yellow peach producing area has been formed in the coastal raw material base for processing canned peaches. I like dry and cold climate. The branching ability is slightly stronger than that of the northern variety group, and the proportion of medium and long fruit branches is also slightly higher. The pulp is tight, and those who leave the pit are soft and juicy, while those who stick to the pit are dense and tough. Such as? Lingwu huanggan peach? 、? Liquan huanggan peach? 、? Yecheng sticky yellow peach? 、? Chenggong Huang is separated from the nucleus? 、? Fire alchemy? Wait. Yellow peach, a European variety? Philip? 、? Tuscan? 、? Triumphant? Our ancestors also originated in China.
Flat peach variety group
China, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are more cultivated, but less in North China and Northwest China. Branches open, mainly bearing medium and long fruit branches, with many compound flower buds. The pulp is tender and juicy, the skin is easy to peel and the quality is good. Suitable for the southern climate. A few varieties can be cultivated in the north.
Nectarine varieties
are distributed in Xinjiang and Gansu, with a small amount of cultivation in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Suitable for dry climate in summer. The fruit shape is small, the stone is big and the flesh is less, the flesh is crisp and hard, the juice is less and the taste is sour. There are improved varieties of nectarines in America.
Several peach varieties
(1) Common peach
1. Xueyulu
Variety source: A new early-maturing peach variety bred by crossing Baihua Shuimi and Yuhualu as parents, the Horticultural Research Institute of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
phenology: in Shijiazhuang area, it germinates in the middle and late March, blooms in the middle of April, and ripens in the late June (after the rain dew). The fruit development period is 75-78 days.
Fruit characteristics: the fruit is large, with an average fruit weight of 198g and a maximum fruit weight of 355g, with uniform size. The fruit is round, with flat or slightly concave top. The skin is light green and white, and the colored area of the fruit is over 6%, with beautiful appearance. The peel is thick and not easy to peel off. The flesh is white, hard, less fiber, more juice and sweet flavor. Soluble solids 11% ~ 14%. Sticky core or semi-detached. The nucleus is smaller. No fruit cracking and fruit drop before harvest.
growth and fruiting habit: the tree is half open. The tree has a golden mean. Branches have short internodes and strong branches. All kinds of fruit branches can bear fruit. There are many compound flower buds, and the initial nodes of flower buds are located in the 2 nd to 3 rd nodes. The flower is rose-shaped, the pistil is as high as the stamen, the anther is big and red, the pollen quantity is large, and the fruit setting rate is very high, reaching 7%, which is extremely high.
key points of cultivation techniques: the new shoots of this variety grow vigorously and have strong branches, and the young trees are pruned with light pruning and long pruning to promote early fruiting. After entering the results, it is necessary to pay attention to the combination of long and short cuts, and not blindly long. At the same time, pruning in summer should strictly control the occurrence of overgrowth branches near the extension branches of the main branches and overgrowth branches in the inner chamber, so as to promote ventilation and light transmission in the inner chamber, thinning the flourishing branches and promoting flower bud differentiation. This variety has a high fruit-setting rate, and fruit thinning should be carried out when large and small fruits are clearly defined to improve fruit quality.
2. Meishuo
Variety source: hebei academy of agriculture and forestry Shijiazhuang Fruit Research Institute was selected from Jingyu seedlings.
phenology: Shijiazhuang area germinates in the middle and late March, blooms in the middle and early April, matures in the late June, and the fruit development period is 75 days.
Fruit characteristics: the fruit is large, with an average fruit weight of 237 grams and a maximum fruit weight of 387 grams. The fruit is nearly round and the top of the fruit is concave. The fuzz is medium dense and medium short. The pericarp is bright red, and the colored area is over 7%. Beautiful appearance, medium-thick peel, high toughness and not easy to peel off. The flesh is white, red at the top and near the pericarp of the colored fruit, and not red near the core. Sweet flavor, soluble solids 12.6%. It has slight fragrance, medium juice, medium fiber, high fruit hardness, good storage and transportation resistance and no fruit cracking. Sticky core
growth and fruiting habit: the tree is half open. The potential of the tree is moderate, the young trees grow fast, the budding power is moderate, and the branches are strong. The initial node of flower bud is low, the flower bud is well formed and there are many compound flower buds. The flowers are rose-shaped, with pistils as high as or slightly lower than stamens, large anthers, yellow colors and more pollen. The self-flowering rate is 29.2%, and long, medium and short fruit branches can bear fruit, especially strong medium and short fruit branches. No physiological fruit drop and pre-harvest fruit drop. Strong fertility.
key points of cultivation techniques: ① thinning flowers and fruits, increasing the application of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to improve fruit quality. (2) Strengthen pruning in summer, with medium and short fruit branches bearing fruit, and long fruit branches bearing fruit in the upper part.
3. Early maturity and early maturity
Variety source: the source is unknown.
phenology: Shijiazhuang area germinates in the middle and late March, blooms in the middle and early April, and the fruit matures in the early July. The fruit development period is 8-9 days, and the harvest period is more than 3 days.
fruit characteristics: the fruit is oblate. The average fruit weight is 3 grams and the maximum fruit weight is 46 grams. The top of the fruit is concave, and the two halves are symmetrical in the suture line. The depression is deep and medium wide. The fuzz is thin and short. The background color of the peel is yellow-green, and the fruit surface is nearly red, which is very beautiful. The peel is thick and not easy to peel off. The pulp is white, and a small amount of red pigment permeates the pulp. The fruit is very hard and insoluble. Soluble solids 11% ~ 12%. Sweet or sour flavor. Sticky nucleus, small nucleus.
growth and fruiting habit: the tree is half open. The tree is strong. The germination rate and branching ability are strong, and all kinds of fruit branches can bear fruit. Flower buds are well formed, there are many compound flower buds, and the initial node of flower buds is low, which is the first to second node. The flower is rose-shaped, the pistil is as high as the stamen, the anther is large, the anther is yellow-brown, and the pollen quantity is large. High fruit setting rate and extremely high yield.
key points of cultivation techniques: ① pay attention to thinning flowers and fruits, and long fruit branches should bear fruit in the middle and upper parts. ② Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve the fruit quality.
4. Meijin
Variety source: cultivated by hebei academy of agriculture and forestry Shijiazhuang Fruit Research Institute.
phenology: Shijiazhuang area germinates in the middle and late March, blooms in the middle of April, and the flowering period is a little late. The fruit ripens in the middle and late July, the fruit development period is 1 days, and the fruit harvest period is as long as 2 days.
Fruit characteristics: the shape of the fruit is nearly round, with an average single fruit weight of 21g and a maximum of 255g. The two halves are symmetrical and the top of the fruit is round and flat. The suture line is shallow and the stem is hollow. The pericarp is yellow in background color, with more than 5% bright red halo. Golden flesh, hard solute, sweet flavor, no sour taste, strong aroma, soluble solid content of 12.7%, nuclear.
growth and fruiting habit: the tree is half-spread, with strong growth potential, and long, medium and short fruit branches can bear fruit. The initial node of flower bud is 2 ~ 3 nodes. Fruit branches are thin and not easy to branch. The flowers are mostly compound flower buds, which are highly productive. The flowers are rose-shaped, with a large amount of pollen, strong self-flowering and fruit-setting ability and extremely high yield.
key points of cultivation techniques: timely and reasonable fruit thinning, and control the load. The first new mid-ripe yellow-fleshed peach variety cultivated in China with high quality, detached kernel, fresh yellow meat and storage and transportation resistance. Strong adaptability and good quality.
5. Meishuai
Variety source: hebei academy of agriculture and forestry Shijiazhuang Fruit Research Institute was bred in 25.
phenology: Shijiazhuang area germinates in late March, blooms in mid-April, and ripens in mid-August, with a fruit development period of 127 days.
Fruit characteristics: the fruit is round, with an average fruit weight of 275g and a maximum fruit weight of 41g. The fruit size is neat, the suture line is shallow, the two halves are symmetrical, and the top of the fruit is concave or flat. The fruit has a white background, more than 8% of which is bright red, and its appearance is bright. The flesh is white and reddish near the core. The fruit has high hardness, sweet flavor, rich fragrance and excellent quality. Soluble solids 12.6% ~ 13.2%. Away from the nucleus, the nucleus is smaller.
growth and fruiting habit: the tree is half-open, and can bear fruit with long, medium and short branches. Young trees mainly bear fruit with long and medium branches, and strong medium and short branches bear better fruit in full fruit period. There are many compound flower buds. Rose-shaped flowers, large amount of pollen, high fruit setting rate and good high-yield performance.
cultivation points: ① pay attention to thinning flowers and fruits and control the load. (2) Pruning in summer during fruit coloring can promote fruit coloring and improve quality.
comprehensive evaluation: this variety has the advantages of large fruit, excellent quality, late maturity, bright color, beautiful appearance, good storage and transportation resistance, large pollen quantity, high yield and easy cultivation and management.
6. Huayu
Variety source: The Institute of Forestry and Fruit Trees of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry was established in 199 with Jingyu? A new late-maturing peach variety bred by crossing Ruiguang 7.
phenology: Beijing area germinates in late March, blooms in late April, ripens in mid-August, and the fruit development period is about 125 days.
Fruit characteristics: the fruit is nearly round and large, with an average single fruit weight of 27g and large fruit weight of 4g. The top of the fruit is flat, the suture line is shallow, the depth and width of the depression are medium, the background color of the fruit is yellow-white, and more than half of the fruit surface is rosy or purple-red, with bright appearance and medium fuzz. The peel is medium thick and difficult to peel off. The flesh is white, there is no red under the skin, and there is a little red near the core. The meat is hard, thin and dense, with medium juice, less fiber, sweet and thick flavor, aroma, no browning, and extremely resistant to storage and transportation. The nucleus is small and detached. The soluble solid content is 13.5%.
growth and fruiting habit: the tree is moderate in potential and half-opened. Flower buds are well formed, with many compound flower buds, and the flower buds are low, with 1 ~ 2 nodes, and all kinds of fruit branches can bear fruit. Mainly long and medium fruit branches. Rose-shaped flowers, yellow-white anthers, no pollen, pistil higher than stamens, more productive.
key points of cultivation: ① configure pollinated varieties with a ratio of 1:1 and carry out artificial pollination. ② Increase the application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer to improve the internal quality of fruits. ③ Prune the fruit during coloring to make it well ventilated and light-permeable. ④ It can be bagged and cultivated.
(2) Nectarine and Flat Peach
1. Jinshan Zaohong (Nectarine)
Variety Source: A budded variety discovered by Xiangshan Fruit Research Institute in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province in 1995 in the early ruby introduction garden.
phenology: Shijiazhuang area germinates in the middle and late March, blooms in the middle and early April, and the fruit matures in the middle of June, with a fruit development period of 65 days.
Fruit characteristics: the fruit is nearly round, with an average fruit weight of 13 grams and a maximum fruit weight of 24 grams. The top of the fruit is concave, the suture line is shallow and the two sides are symmetrical. The background color is yellow, the fruit surface is ruby red, and the coloring area is over 95%. The peel is not easy to peel off, the flesh is yellow, transparent, the meat is crisp and hard solute, and there are more fibers when it is soft and ripe, with strong sweet flavor and good quality. Soluble solids 12% ~ 13%. Sticky core Fruits are more resistant to storage.
growth and fruiting habit: the tree is half open. The plant grows strongly and the tree is in medium potential. Do not crack or drop fruit before picking. The flower is rose-shaped, the pistil is higher than the stamen, and the anther is large and yellow-brown. Large amount of pollen, poor early fruiting and average high yield.
2. nectarine No.5 (nectarine)
Variety source: China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute was bred by crossing Mayfire as the male parent and Ruiguang No.3 as the female parent.
phenology: it germinates in Zhengzhou in early March, blooms in early April, ripens on June 1th, and the fruit development period is 7 days.
Fruit characteristics: the fruit is oval, with an average fruit weight of 125-16g. The top of the fruit is round and the suture line is shallow. The background color of the peel is yellow, 8% is rose red, and the peel is medium thick and difficult to peel off. The flesh is white, soft solute and fine. Sweet flavor, 9% ~ 13% soluble solids, semi-detached.
growth and fruiting habit: the tree is robust and has strong branching ability, and all kinds of fruit branches can bear fruit, especially the middle fruit branches. Flowers are bell-shaped, with abundant pollen and high yield.
Key points of cultivation techniques: ① The fruit setting rate is very high, so flowers and fruits should be thinned appropriately. ② More organic fertilizer should be applied to improve the fruit flavor. ③ Harvesting in time, and harvesting in hard ripe stage is appropriate.
3. Early yellow flat peach (flat peach)
Variety source: China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute uses Dalian 8-2? A new early-maturing yellow-fleshed flat peach variety bred from French flat peach.
phenology: Shijiazhuang area germinates in the middle and late March, with an early flowering period, full bloom in early April, and fruit ripens in late June, with a fruit development period of 75-8 days.
Fruit characteristics: the shape of the fruit is flat, the average fruit weight is 9-1g, and the largest fruit can reach 12g. The top of the fruit is concave, the two halves are symmetrical and the suture line is deep. The peel is yellow, and 7% of the fruit surface is rosy and fine, with beautiful appearance and peelable peel. The pulp is orange yellow, soft solute, juicy and medium fiber. Sweet flavor, rich aroma, soluble solids 13% ~ 15%. Semi-detached nucleus, small nucleus.
growth and fruiting habit: the tree is upright. The tree grows vigorously, all kinds of fruit branches can bear fruit, the flowers are rose-shaped, the pistil is lower than the stamen, there is pollen, the natural fruit setting rate is 3%, and the yield is strong.
key points of cultivation techniques: ① strengthen pruning in summer, control vigorous growth and avoid canopy closure. ② Pay attention to fruit thinning, otherwise the fruit will be small. ③ timely harvesting.
4. Ruipan No.3 (Flat Peach)
Variety Source: Institute of Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Okubo? Chen Pu Flat Peach was bred by hybridization.
phenology: Shijiazhuang area germinates in the middle and late March, blooms in the middle and early April, and the fruit matures at the end of July, with a fruit development period of 12-17 days.
fruit characteristics: the shape of the fruit is flat. The average fruit weight is 21g.