Catalogue, introduction of Cao Xueqin
Overview of Cao Xueqin's life
The legend of Cao Xueqin
Cao Xueqin and A Dream of Red Mansions
Cao Xueqin and Guo Rong Mansion Building
Place names in Beijing written by Cao Xueqin
Brief introduction of Cao Xueqin
Cao Xueqin, the author of A Dream of Red Mansions, is known as Qin Pu. His ancestral home is Liaoyang, Liaoning, and his ancestors were originally Han nationality. Later, he worked as a "coating man" in Zhengbaiqi, Manchu ("coating" is a transliteration of Manchu, meaning domestic slave).
Cao Yanqin, the ancestor of Cao Xueqin, was originally a junior officer stationed in Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, and joined the army when he attacked Liaoyang about six years later. Cao remained neutral in the Ming-Jin War and the Rebellion War after entering the Shanhaiguan Pass, and successively served in Shanxi Zhiming, Jizhou, Zhejiang Yanfadao and other places. The rise of Cao family really began with Cao Yan array.
Cao's daughter-in-law, the wife of Cao Xueqin's great-grandfather, became the nanny of Emperor Kangxi. In the second year of Kangxi, Cao xi became Jiangning Weaving, which lasted for ***2 1 year and finally died in Jiangning Weaving. After Cao's death, Kangxi appointed his son to weave in Suzhou, and later succeeded Jiangning Weaving and Huai Shui Salt Inspection. Cao Yin and Kangxi had a deep friendship since childhood. When Kangxi was five years old, Cao Yin was in Bandu. Later, Cao Yin chose to hold a funeral for Kangxi, and the relationship between them became closer.
The Cao Yin generation was the heyday of the Cao family, and both of her daughters were chosen as princesses. Kangxi made six expeditions to the south, five of which took Cao Shi Jiangning Weaving Department as his palace, and the last four were during his tenure, which showed Cao Shi's prominent position in the city and his close relationship with Emperor Kangxi. Cao Yin was a famous scholar at that time, good at poetry and prose, and also a famous bibliophile. He once presided over the publication and engraving of "All Tang Poems" and "Pei Yunwen Fu". This family tradition has played a good role in cultivating Cao Xueqin's literary talent. After the death of Cao Yin, Kangxi ordered his son Cao Yong to inherit Jiangning weaving. Cao Qing died after three years in office. Kangxi appointed Cao Fu, the son of Cao Yin's younger brother Cao Quan, to adopt Cao Yin and succeed him in weaving. Cao Jiazu served as Jiangning Weaving for four generations for more than 60 years.
After Yongzheng came to power, he laid hands on Cao Fu's uncle Xu Li, copied his home, and sent him to the most desolate and cold place in Heilongjiang, where he froze to death and starved to death. In the fifth year of Yongzheng, Cao Fu was arrested for "harassing a post station" and was dismissed for "misbehaving, losing a lot of money in weaving" and "moving home belongings privately in an attempt to hide it". Cao Fujin went to prison and was shackled, so Cao Cao moved to Beijing.
Cao Xueqin said that he was Cao Yong's posthumous son and that he was Cao Fu's son. Cao Xueqin was born in the 54th year of Kangxi (17 15) or the 2nd year of Yongzheng (1724). Born in Nanjing,
Cao Xueqin was still young when he moved back to Beijing after his family was copied. He was born in 13 years old. The specific situation of Cao's family after returning to Beijing is rarely recorded in the literature, but it is a fact that Cao's family has declined sharply since its property was looted. In the early years of Qianlong, the Cao family seemed to have suffered another greater disaster and failed completely from then on.
Cao Xueqin's life happened to experience the rise and fall of Cao Shi family. Before the age of thirteen, he had lived a life of "rich in clothes" and "rich in sweets" in Nanjing. /kloc-After moving to Beijing at the age of 0/3, he first engaged in religious work for a period of time, during which he met the Dunmin Duncheng brothers. In his later years, in the western suburbs, his life was even more difficult. He fell from the top of the nobility to the bottom of the society in great changes, suffered from the indifference of the world, observed the sharp opposition between the rich and the poor in society, and clearly saw the decay and sin of his birth class. The hardships in life did not kill Cao Xueqin's ambition, but made him addicted to alcohol and showed his unyielding attitude towards reality.
Cao Xueqin's greatest contribution is his masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions, which was written in Cao Xueqin's miserable old age, and the creative process was very difficult. For the first time in the novel, Cao Xueqin said, "Cao Xueqin mourned for Hongxuan for ten years, with five increases and five decreases." It is really "every word is like blood, and ten years of hard work is extraordinary." It's a pity that he died, because his youngest son died, and he became sentimental and died of poverty and illness. Cao Xueqin died on New Year's Eve in the 27th year of Qianlong (1763). Another said that he died on New Year's Eve in the 28th year of Qianlong (1764), and the other said that he died in Shen Jiachu in the 29th year of Qianlong (1764). After Cao Xueqin's death, only the piano and sword on the wall and the bride falling were left, and several friends buried the great writer in a hurry.
Cao Xueqin's unfinished manuscript, entitled "The Story of the Stone", was basically finalized only eighty times. Some manuscripts after the 1980s were "lost" before they were sorted out. These eighty chapters began to spread among a few friends for thirty years. In the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong (179 1), Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E printed and published in movable type for the first time, and the title of the book was changed from 120 times. The last forty chapters are generally considered to be continued by Gao E.
According to the clue of The Story of the Stone, with the love between Bao and Dai as the tragic ending, this novel has become a literary masterpiece with complete structure and complete story, and has had a great influence in the society since then. Some chapters and paragraphs in the sequel are wonderful and vivid, such as the death of Daiyu. But as far as the overall ideology and art are concerned, there is still a considerable distance from assistance. Some characters have lost their individuality, and some plots have obviously deviated from the original spirit, such as the resurrection of Jia Fu and the description of Gui Lan Qi Fang.
Cao Xueqin is "fat, with a wide head and black color". He is arrogant, cynical and unrestrained. Alcoholic, talented and talkative. Cao Xueqin is a poet. His poems are novel in conception and close in style to Li He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. His friend Duncheng once praised him and said, "Love your poem is wonderful, and you can catch up with the long valley broken fence fan." He added, "I know that your poems are as bold as iron and as cold as the Taoist camp." However, there are only two lines in his sincere poem Pipa Xing: "The White Fuji Mausoleum should be very happy and will teach barbarians to put on airs."
Cao Xueqin is also a painter and likes to paint abrupt and steep stones. Dunmin's "Painting Stone in Qinyuan" said: "Proud as a strange monarch, more jagged. Drunk as a pen swept away. Write a thunder in your chest. " It can be seen that when he painted stones, he put his chest on the grievances. Cao Xueqin's greatest contribution lies in his novel creation. His novel A Dream of Red Mansions is rich in content, profound in thought and exquisite in art, which pushes China's classical novel creation to a peak and occupies a very important position in the history of literary development.
After fifteen years of Qianlong, he left Beijing and moved to the western suburbs. Cao Xueqin's life in his later years was even more bleak and miserable. "The whole family often eats porridge and drinks on credit." He is poor and has no medical care. In addition, his young son died, and his novel A Dream of Red Mansions was not finished, so he died, which left us with many regrets.
Cao Xueqin was influenced by literature and art from an early age. His grandfather, Cao Yingong, was a famous bibliophile at that time because of his poems and calligraphy. Influenced by his grandfather, Cao Xueqin is good at painting and has many artistic talents. After moving to the western suburbs of Beijing, under difficult circumstances, he "studied for ten years, added and deleted five times" and created the immortal realistic masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions. The current version of A Dream of Red Mansions *** 120, and the last 40 chapters are generally considered as Gao E's sequel.
Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions is world-famous, while his other work, Collection of Waste Art Studio, is a record of China's technology, so it is only circulated among people who love skills. In this book, Cao Xueqin broke the old idea of China literati that "those who work hard are despised by gentlemen", and recorded in detail eight major techniques, such as epigraphy, flying kites, weaving, printing and dyeing, cooking and garden design, so as to enable the disabled to keep healthy and make up for their congenital and acquired deficiencies. Cao Xueqin once enthusiastically taught the disabled to tie kites in Shudu and helped him to support his family with this industry. In the prefaces of Kite Flying in the South and Kite Flying in the North, he said: It's New Year's Eve, and I always braved the snow. Full of ducks, wine and fresh vegetables, I happily said to the sun, "I didn't want to fly three or five kites, but I got a heavy reward;" The income is * * * exclusive ... "This not only reflects the friendship between Cao Xueqin and his uncle, but also reflects Cao Xueqin's noble feelings of helping the weak and helping the poor.
A Dream of Red Mansions takes the aristocratic feudal family life as the material, takes the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu and the marriage tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Xue Baochai as the warp, and vertically analyzes the profound social roots that caused the tragedy. At the same time, taking the rise and fall of Jia Fu as a parallel, through the conflict between Jia, Shi, Wang, Xue and other defenders and rebels, the broad social living environment composed of many characters is horizontally displayed. This reveals all kinds of evils in feudal society and their insurmountable internal contradictions. It broadly and profoundly reflected the social reality of China at that time, strongly criticized the debauchery and corruption of feudal families, and showed the historical trend that feudal system was on the verge of collapse and inevitable demise.
Brief introduction of Cao Xueqin's life
In the second year of Yongzheng (Chen Jia 1724), he was born on April 26th.
In the third year of Yongzheng (Yisi 1725), on April 26th, Mangzhong ushered in its first birthday, so it was marked by Mangzhong.
In the sixth year of Yongzheng (Wu Shen 1728), his father Cao Fu was convicted of theft and returned to Beijing. Live in the mouth of garlic market.
In the first year of Qianlong (Chen Bing 1736), all kinds of "sinful money" were pardoned and the family recovered well-off. Thirteen years old (in the book, I will visit my mother on the Lantern Festival until New Year's Eve. Baoyu is thirteen, too. It happened on April 26, 2008, which happened to be the Ear and Seed Festival (the flower party in the book).
In the second year of Qianlong (D 4 1737), in the first month, Kangxi City fell. Chen is the biological mother of Wang Yinxi in the county (the "old princess" in the book has passed away).
In the fifth year of Qianlong (Geng Shen 1740), Hongxi, the eldest son of Prince Kangxi Yinwa, tried to set up a court, and stabbed Qianlong in the back, but failed. Qin Xue's family was dragged down again, and it was stolen, so the family broke up. Xueqin is poor and wandering. He used to be a writer in the internal affairs department.
In the 19th year of Qianlong (JOE 1754), the final edition of Re-evaluating Stone in Chiyanzhai was copied (unfinished).
Twenty years after Qianlong (Yihai 1755), the story of the stone continues.
In the twenty-first year of Qianlong (Bingzi 1756), the fat batch before the seventy-fifth session recorded: "In the twenty-first year of Qianlong, Bingzi was cleared on the seventh day of May. Lack of Mid-Autumn Poems, as soon as Xueqin. " It was for the progress of the manuscript at that time. Written by Zhi Yanzhai and Tamenosuke.
In the 22nd year of Qianlong (Ding Chou 1757), my friend Duncheng wrote a poem in memory of Cao Xueqin. Looking back at the night talk of the right-wing religion, I advised not to be a rich foodie. "It is better to write a book in Huangye Village." At this point, Xueqin has gone to Xishan and left Liang's home in Dunhuibo (Shihu Hutong in Xicheng).
In the 23rd year of Qianlong (Wuyin 1758), his friend Dunmin naturally wrote poems from Xiacun to Guiwei and sang many poems about Xueqin.
Twenty-four years of Qianlong (Bazaar 1759), now the bazaar edition and the manuscript of "The Story of the Stone" are preserved, and the date of "Yan Zhi's comment on writing" begins.
In the twenty-five years of Qianlong (Chen Geng 1760), Chen Geng Edition and The Story of the Stone were reviewed by Yan Zhai four times.
After twenty-six years of Qianlong (Xinsi 176 1), he returned to Jinling and Beijing. Every time a friend's poem says that "the old dream of Qinhuai still exists" and "the official is depressed and dreams of returning to his hometown", it implies the writing of A Dream of Red Mansions.
In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (Renwu 1762), Dunmin wrote "Wine Song with Knife" to record the drinking situation when Xueqin visited in late autumn. Fat criticism: "Chongyang in the afternoon" has the saying that "it is urgent to ask for books". No more comment on writing after Chongyang. When there is a story.
In the 28th year of Qianlong (Imperial concubine 1763), in late spring and February, Dunmin invited Xueqin to get together in early March (for Duncheng's birthday). Not yet. In autumn, I love my son with acne, and my sadness becomes ill. Fat criticism: "... Qin cried to death before the book was finished;" I cried for Xueqin, but my tears are still waiting to run out ... "It was recorded as the death of" Renwu Eve ",which was proved to be a mistake by textual research. He died at the age of forty.
In the 29th year of Qianlong (Shen Jia 1764), Duncheng wrote a poem: "Xiaofeng brushed an inscription yesterday" and "Forty years is too thin", all of which are historical evidences.
In the Qing dynasty, only a few people knew who Cao Xueqin was, and the average person knew nothing, and even could not assert whether there was such a person. In the early 1920s, Hu Shi took Cao Xueqin as a serious literary subject for the first time, and made textual research on his real existence and family background. Since then, there are few systematic and in-depth discussions about Cao Xueqin himself. In the New Biography of Cao Xueqin (Shandong Pictorial Publishing House), Mr. Zhou made a systematic and in-depth discussion on Cao Xueqin himself. Starting from Cao Xueqin's "center of the circle", he constantly extended the radius to his whole family and the whole background of his time, thus enriching Cao Xueqin's thought, personality and artistic pursuit. The book consists of two main clues, one is the history of Cao Shi's family management, and the other is the history of Qin Xue's psychology. The two clues are intertwined and relatively independent. Under the traction of two clues, guide readers to know and understand Cao Xueqin.
The legend of Cao Xueqin
(A) Cao Xueqin's medical ethics
Jin Jian
"The Red Chamber" is hot, and Cao Gong is full of anger. I don't know whether it is happy or sad. However, hundreds of people who read The Red Chamber have a hundred solutions, and there is no difference. Nothing more than interest. Now I want to extract some traces left by Cao Gong in Beijing, right and wrong. Welcome to discuss.
After Cao Xueqin moved to Xishan, he made extensive contact with the lower classes, especially the helpless disabled. Qin Xue is very sympathetic to their difficulties, especially after their illness, they have no money for treatment, which increases their pain. In order to alleviate the pain of helpless patients, Xueqin often goes up the mountain to collect medicine for patients and reduce their burden.
There was once a legend about the way Cao Xueqin treated the poor in Xiangshan area. In the legend of Xiangshan, there is Mr. Qin Pu's medical ethics collected by Mr. Zhang and Mr. Wang. Mr. Cui's "The Origin of the Xueqin" also recorded this aspect. The Legend of Qing Palace also contains Zhang's With His Bare Hands, which records Cao Xueqin's treatment of Xiangshan people.
I once visited Mr. Kong Xiangze, and Mr. Kong said: In the early 1970s, Mr. Wu Enyu and I went to Baijiatuan. I once heard a villager say that a doctor in Qianshanqi often comes to see the poor for free, and every time he comes, he borrows tables and chairs from a temple in Nanshan Root. Later, the doctor moved to Qiaoxi, and it was much more convenient to have a family doctor. Mr. Shu Chengxun once told Kong Lao that there are many pharmacies in indigo plant, and Qin Xue often goes to these pharmacies to get medicines or prescribe medicines for patients. Shu Lao remembered the names of these pharmacies one by one and told Kong Lao. Unfortunately, Kong Lao didn't write them down at that time.
Kong Lao also said: Xueqin has cured many people's diseases because of her superb medical skills. Some rich people often buy something for Xue Qin after their illness is cured, in return for her kindness in treating the disease. Qin Xue often tells these people, don't buy me anything, just keep your money. Once the patient can't afford to buy medicine, I'll let him find you and you will give him his medicine. Isn't this able to help more people relieve their pain? In this way, Xueqin cured many stubborn diseases for many poor people, and people praised Xueqin's brilliant medical skills and noble medical ethics.
It doesn't seem difficult for a person to do something good. It is rare to do good deeds forever. Qin Xue treated Xishan people for free, and even collected herbs for the poor people. Qin Xue's care for Xishan people is the best proof, and the public's word of mouth is the best proof.
The Legend of Cao Xueqin (2)
-Cao Xueqin and Baijiatuan
Jin Jian
In my impression, I always thought that Cao Xueqin lived in Jianrui Camp in Xiangshan. I didn't know that Qin Xue spent the last five years of his old age in Baijiatuan.
Looking up relevant information, Dunmin, a good friend of Xueqin, accurately recorded in the Record of the Life of Bottle Lake Zhai that in the spring of the 23rd year of Qianlong (i.e. 1758), Xueqin moved to Baijiatuan, and the original note was as evidence: "In the spring, Qinpu (the number of Xueqin) abandoned his house and will move to Baijiatuan." After this article, Dunmin went to Baijiatuan twice to ask Xueqin to identify calligraphy and painting. Unfortunately, Xueqin is not at home. In the postscript, Dunmin tells the general story of Xueqin's new house in Baijiatuan. For readers' reference, the quotations are as follows: "There is a stream blocking the road, looking across the bank, there are four adobe houses, which are inclined to the southwest, with stones as walls and rafters as broken branches, and the walls are uneven and the households are incomplete. The courtyard is neat, the hedges are woven into brocade, and vines are planted on the vines ... There is the joy of squatting in the alley and the ecstasy of being fascinated by flowers. You can go north along the stream and cross the stone bridge. "
There are few biographical materials left by Qin Xue. Dunmin's Record of Living in a Bottle Lake describes the time when Cao Xueqin moved to Baijiatuan and some words and deeds of Qin Xue, which is extremely important. So why did Xueqin migrate to Baijiatuan? Since the fifteenth year of Qianlong, Xue Qin bid farewell to religion and moved to the western suburbs. After several migrations, she moved from Xiangshan to Baijiatuan for the last time. Some people have analyzed that there are economic reasons, such as avoiding "public opinion", houses collapsing, and "Manchu territory" (during the 23-year reign of Qianlong, it was stipulated that slaves of Banners could open accounts, that is, Han people were allowed to hang flags), and there were also claims that Qin Xue built houses and Baijiatuan were related to the Prince of Yi. In my opinion, apart from economic reasons, Qin Xue wants to find an ideal place to write and repair books to avoid noise.
Only those who personally visit Baijiatuan can appreciate how beautiful Baijiatuan, a small village near the foot of the western hills, has beautiful green hills and rich vegetation. Just as Dunmin and Zhang Yiquan said in their poems, "Looking at the Western Hills at sunset", "The western suburbs are secluded", "The mountains and rivers are painted outside" and "The people in the western suburbs are lonely" can prove that Xueqin lives nearby. In the past, in order to write a book, Xueqin often paced near the small stone bridge in the west of the village and carefully thought about the plot in the book ... Only Xiaoshiqiao remembered the figure of Xueqin pacing and meditating.
The Legend of Cao Xueqin (3)
-an examination of empty Taoist priests
Jin Jian
There is a very important figure in A Dream of Red Mansions-an empty Taoist priest. In all kinds of legends about Cao Xueqin, there are not many people involved in this person. However, what is the connection between the writing style of this mysterious Taoist in The Red Chamber?
A few days ago, the author saw the Notes for Postgraduate Entrance Examination in Ten Kinds of Cao Xueqin written by Mr. Wu Enyu, which once said: "Wei Jun hid the eight-character seal script of' Yunshan Hanmo Ice and Snow Clever', which is said to have been written by Qin Xue. It is not possible to follow the seal script. There is a small seal in the inscription "Song Yue Fang Shan" in "Empty Road Man", and the carving skill is acceptable ... The person who saw it, Mr. Zhicheng Deng, said that it is indeed dry paper, but the inkpad is not like something when it is dry, and the inkpad is a bit yellow when covered with dry paper. Yu Wei said that if it can be judged that it is dry paper, inkpad is not a problem. The cover is not only light ink, but also deep ink The word' empty Taoist priest' is still good. These twelve words were written by Qin Xue, although they are not necessary. However, in February of 1963, Mr. Zhang Boju was interviewed and said that Qin Xue's "Empty Dao Shi" and "Hai Ke Qin Tu" written the year before last were all in that way. " Although Mr. Wu was identified as the original of Cao Xueqin by two people, the evidence was a little pale because of the color of the inkpad.
This reminds me suddenly of my good friend Mr. Yang Yi, who has lived in Taizhouwu near Baijiatuan for a long time. He once wrote the article Nalan Xingde, one of the famous poets in Qing Dynasty, and talked about a very important issue, that is, there is an empty temple in Baijiatuan, which provides direct evidence for Qin Xue's "empty Taoist view". The quotation for readers is as follows: "At the south foot of Cao Xueqin's Baijiatuan residence, there is a small temple at the foot of the mountain. There is a temple with an area of about 10 square meter. Because there are no gods and memorial tablets in the temple, it is empty, and the locals call it an' empty temple'. This temple was demolished in the late 1970s and early 1980s when the land was razed. ..... Although there is no written record, it belongs to the mountain temple in terms of shape and location. The age of the building cannot be verified. Now some people think that this' empty temple' may be related to the' empty Taoist' written at the beginning of Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions. "
Mr. Yang Yi only speculated that the empty temple was related to the "empty Taoist" in A Dream of Red Mansions. However, it was not revealed that the "empty Taoist" was Cao Xueqin. Maybe Mr. Yang Yi didn't see the book Ten Kinds of Cao Xueqin written by Mr. Wu Enyu, or maybe he didn't see the seal script "Yunshan Hanmo Ice and Snow Clever". Although Mr. Wu Enyu invited a famous appraiser at that time to identify it as Cao Xueqin's personal book, he never understood the relationship between the name "Empty Taoist" and Qin Xue. Baijiatuan's Empty Temple undoubtedly provides extremely important evidence for the study of A Dream of Red Mansions and Cao Xueqin.
Why did Mr Qin Xue use his unusual fasting number in his paintings and calligraphy? I thought that as early as twenty-four years of Qianlong, when Xue Qin was alive, A Dream of Red Mansions (which was limited to manuscripts at that time) had been regarded as a "libel book"; That is, the so-called "obstacle language" of Hongyun; Xiao Hong organized his family to copy the Story of the Stone. No outsiders, even his family couldn't find such a book in Shaw's bibliography, for fear that others would know that his family had this "libel book". At this time, Xueqin (the descendant of the stolen property) was discriminated against politically and got into trouble economically, so that she made a living by pulling a bed and painting. In order to finish the book "The Story of the Stone" and survive tenaciously, sometimes Qin Xue has to write his unusual fasting number when painting, calligraphy or writing letters. "Empty Taoist" is one of them. Of course, the "empty Taoist" is not groundless. As Mr Qin Xue's unusual fasting number, there is also a reason. If we don't know the history and origin of Baijiatuan in Baijiatuan village where he lives, we can't understand Mr. Qin Xue's predicament and current situation at that time if we explore and study it ourselves. This is exactly the intention of Mr. Qin Xue to call his name by "Empty Taoist", which has also brought difficulties to future generations. However, this further proves conclusively that the article "Yunshan Hanmo Ice Snow Clever" was written by Qin Xue. I want to ask Fang Jia's opinion!
Another circumstantial evidence: Mr. Wu Enyu described a line of Mr. Xue Qin's words in Textual Research Notes, which also proved that Xue Qin's signature used another name that the reader did not know. The quotation is as follows: "Wei Yizhi said,1in the spring of 954, someone asked for Cao Xueqin's letter. After the letter, the asking price was one million yuan (current currency). The signature was not Qin Xue, but an unknown nickname, but Wei Jun didn't remember much about it." (See Wu Enyu's Ten Kinds of Cao Xueqin, pp. 132 and 133. )
The legend of Cao Xueqin (4)
-Cao Xueqin and Guangquan Temple
Jin Jian
Guangquan Temple in Xiangshan is the only place where Cao Xueqin and his good friend Zhang Yiquan have been recorded exactly. They once left poems to sing together. Unfortunately, Mr. Qin Xue's poems have not been handed down, and only Mr. Yiquan recorded them according to the original rhyme of The Poems of Qin Xue for readers. The quotation is as follows:
"Your poem has been bad to sing, and today's breaking brake is so exciting. The monument secretly knows that it contains today's rain, and the wall is expensive to make up the clouds.
Cicadas call each other in the distance, and flies sing empty kitchens to find themselves near. Lonely people in the western suburbs go to Han, who will drag the stick and smoke forest? "
My friend Xiao Changjiang visited this temple in 1960s and talked with him. He said that only one ancient well remained in this temple. The mood of visiting the ancient temple arises spontaneously, and Xiao Lao is willing to be a guide.
Copywriting must be done in advance, and it is essential to consult historical records. Looking up the first episode of A Dream of Red Mansions (published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1979), there is a fragment of Cao Xueqin and Zhang Yiquan's activities in the western suburbs of Beijing written by Mr. Xu Gongshi. By studying Mr. Zhang Yiquan's poems and those written by friends who are related to Mr. Zhang's family, Mr. Xu found a poem written by a contemporary friend (the Governor of Jiangsu in the 31st year of Kangxi) about the Western Mountain Guangquan Temple, and based on this rhyme, inferred this abandoned temple near the water source-Guangquan Temple. Unfortunately, Mr Xu has never been to Guangquan Temple.
Walking with Xiao Lao to the water source, bypassing a small hillside, the road is very narrow, along the narrow path, sometimes steep and sometimes slow, and sometimes you need to climb some small trees or shrubs along the road. I realized what Mr. Zhang Yiquan said in his poem: "Drag the staff through the smoke forest" and soon arrived at Guangquan Temple. The forest in this place is quiet and inaccessible. The abandoned Guangquan Temple has no building components, only an ancient well, which is the only relic of Guangquan Temple. The ancient well located halfway up the mountain is deep. Tianfu Guangji once recorded the ancient well of Guangquan Temple, saying that its water quality is sweet and suitable for making tea. Suddenly I found some words on the cover of the ancient well, but it was very old and the handwriting was a little fuzzy. I carefully identified "Guangquan Gujing" as a seal script, and only the words "Hua" and "Rebuild" could be identified in the font on the left. Even so, it is very important for us. At least the location of the ancient temple in Guangquan, which we are looking for hard, is very accurate.
Looking back, when Qin Xue and his friends strolled to the abandoned temples, the abandoned temples they saw at that time, although dilapidated, were not as dilapidated as what Qin Xue and Quan Yi saw now: the scattered abandoned temples were devastated, naturally linked with their own life experiences, and they could not help sighing about the joys and sorrows of the world. Therefore, they wrote poems to describe it.
With the footsteps of Mr. Qin Xue and his friends, I recalled the 200 years when Qin Xue and Yiquan visited the ancient temple. At this point, I am deeply touched. Qin Xue's life experience is just around the corner. Only when she experienced the life of "cooking oil with fire and watering flowers with brocade" and "the whole family often eats porridge and drinks on credit", can she write a well-known and world-renowned book.
Cao Xueqin and A Dream of Red Mansions
Listener friends, A Dream of Red Mansions represents the highest achievement of China's classical novels. It is not only a household name in China, but also a universally recognized literary masterpiece in the world literary world. In today's program, we will introduce Cao Xueqin, an outstanding novelist in China, and his Dream of Red Mansions.
Cao Xueqin's ancestors were originally Han Chinese, but he joined Zhengbaiqi in Manchu early. His family, grandfather's uncle and his father all held important positions in the Qing Dynasty. Emperor Kangxi visited the south five times and lived in his home four times, which shows the luxury of Cao family and its close relationship with the royal family. Cao Xueqin's family is not only a century-old family, but also a family with literary literacy. His grandfather Cao Yin was a famous bibliophile at that time. He also wrote poems, lyrics and plays.
Cao Xueqin lived a rich and luxurious life when he was young, but it didn't last long. His father was punished for cutting his post and production, and Cao's family declined rapidly. As an adult, Cao Xueqin lived a poor life in the western suburbs of Beijing. The aristocratic family life left many unforgettable impressions on Cao Xueqin, which laid the foundation for his creation of A Dream of Red Mansions.
Little information about Cao Xueqin's life has been handed down. According to some sporadic records, we probably know that Cao Xueqin is good at poetry, painting, wine and pride. When he wrote A Dream of Red Mansions, his life was extremely difficult. Finally, at the end of the project, he died of poverty, illness and lack of medicine, plus the premature death and excessive pain of his beloved son, and he was not yet 50 years old.
The original name of A Dream of Red Mansions is The Story of the Stone. When it was circulated in the society in the form of manuscripts, it was loved by people. Because A Dream of Red Mansions was not completed, many people continued to write along Cao Xueqin's train of thought, among which the last forty chapters of Gao E's continuation were better. He generally followed Cao Xueqin's creation and completed the tragic theme of A Dream of Red Mansions. Some plots are handled wonderfully. 1792, a publisher named Cheng Weiyuan published A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin and The Last Forty Chapters by Gao E twice, and a Dream of Red Mansions became popular in China.
A Dream of Red Mansions is mainly about a tragic love story. Centered on the love story, through the rise and fall of an aristocratic family, the extravagance and ugliness of the feudal ruling class were exposed, and the historical fate of the inevitable collapse of feudal society was demonstrated.
A Dream of Red Mansions has brought readers into the colorful Guo Rong Building from the very beginning. This is an aristocratic family composed of several masters and hundreds of slaves. What these noble family members think about every day is how to have fun. In this aristocratic family, Cao Xueqin created brilliant heroes and heroines such as Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, as well as many girls' images.
Jia Baoyu, the protagonist, is a figure throughout the book. According to textual research, this image has the author's personal experience. Jia Baoyu grew up in a noble family, and his family had high hopes for him, but he didn't like reading, hated feudal traditional concepts, hated his family and was full of rebellious spirit. Because he lives among a group of beautiful and simple maids, he is full of sympathy for women living in the lower class.
Lin Daiyu, a young girl, is a woman deliberately shaped by Cao Xueqin. The weak woman who lives in Guo Rong Building has a strong self-esteem. She is brilliant and sentimental. She and Jia Baoyu were lovers who fell in love with each other for life and death, but in the end their love was strangled by feudal forces.
Cao Xueqin is an expert in portraying characters. In A Dream of Red Mansions, there are more than 450 characters, each with his own characteristics. In addition, Cao Xueqin is proficient in poetry, epigraphy, calligraphy and painting, medicine, architecture, cooking, printing and dyeing. Therefore, he described the diet and daily life of aristocratic families, garden buildings, furniture and utensils, costumes, cars, cars, which are true and delicate.
After A Dream of Red Mansions came out, people rushed to read it and talked about it. Some young readers were moved to tears by the love between the hero and heroine in the book. However, A Dream of Red Mansions also aroused fierce criticism from feudal bureaucrats and feudal guardians, and was listed as a banned book. But no matter how banned, A Dream of Red Mansions is still circulating among the masses. Besides, A Dream of Red Mansions also aroused people's interest in research, and was later called "A Dream of Red Mansions".