Zhang is one of the most popular surnames in China. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "Zhang Wang, Li Zhao and Liu are everywhere", and Zhang ranks first. Contemporary, according to the census, Zhang's population at home and abroad exceeds
Billion, slightly less than Li He, is the third largest surname in China.
There are many records about the origin of Zhang's surname in historical books, and most of them are handed down from generation to generation. Among them, the History Book (Supplement to Qin Jiamo's Series) written by the Warring States historians said: "Zhang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, was born in Qingyang. He is a bow and arrow maker, and he mainly worships arc stars because of his surname Zhang." Lin Bao, a historian in the Tang Dynasty, was ordered by Tang Xianzong to compile Yuan and surname on the grounds of "poor research on old history" and "all schools of genealogy are involved in detail". The account of the origin of Zhang's surname in this book is completely consistent with that in Shiben. In addition, Ouyang Xiu's Book of the New Tang Dynasty is basically consistent with the records in the genealogy of the Prime Minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Book of Surnames in the Southern Song Dynasty, Deng's Certificate of Distinguishing Surnames in Ancient and Modern Times in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhang's Textual Research on Surnames in the Qing Dynasty and Compilation of Surnames in Yuanhe. The descriptions of the origin of Zhang's surname in Shiben and Yuanhe's Compilation conform to the historical reality and clarify three major problems: first, it is clear that the ancestor of Zhang's surname is China; Secondly, it is clear that Hua's life experience is the grandson of Huangdi and the son of Qingyang; Third, it is clear that the fundamental reason for winning the surname is that "bows and arrows are made by watching arc stars."
Historians of all previous dynasties agreed that the ancestor of Zhang's surname was Hui, and only the historian of the Southern Song Dynasty put forward the theory of Zhang's ancestor's interpretation of Zhang in Tongzhi Imperial Clan III. He said, "According to the state of Jin, there is a word" Zhang ". Since then, there has been a Zhang in the state of Jin, so it is undoubtedly because of the word. " Xie Zhang lived in the Spring and Autumn Period. As early as the West Zhou Xuanwang era, there was a man named Zhong Zhang, who was famous for his filial piety to his parents. "The Book of Songs Xiaoya June": "Who is in Guanzhong, Zhang Zhongxiao has" is to praise him. Therefore, the theory that "Zhang's ancestors explained Zhang" is not "not suspicious", but simply cannot be established! Although it is controversial to refer to the statement that "the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Qingyang", many people hold this view. Zuo Qiuming, a historian in the Spring and Autumn Period, wrote Mandarin Today;
"Of the 25 descendants of the Yellow Emperor, 14 have surnames, that is, twelve surnames (both are Ji surnames and both are their own surnames), Ji surnames, Ji surnames, You surnames, Qi surnames, Teng surnames, Zhen surnames, Ren surnames, Xun surnames, Nuo surnames, Yi surnames and Yi surnames." Mandarin is one of the oldest history books in China. The description of the surname of the son of the Yellow Emperor in Guoyu is the earliest classic record we can see now, which is quite authoritative. From this account, we can see that there is no Zhang surname among the twelve surnames obtained by the son of the Yellow Emperor, which actually excludes that Hua is the son of the Yellow Emperor, naturally recognizes that Hua is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and also excludes that Zhang is the surname given by the Yellow Emperor. Because. The fundamental reason for waving surname is that he pioneered the bow and arrow, which was really a great invention at that time. As the son of the Yellow Emperor, it is impossible for him not to praise or give his surname. Most historians have the same understanding of "being the son of Qingyang". Only Wang Yinglin's Nine Chapters in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and the Prime Minister's Genealogy Table written by Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty added the word "Shao Hao" before Qingyang. Because, at that time, there were two Qingyang, one was Qingyang in Xiao Xuan and the other was Qingyang in Shao Hao. According to the research results of contemporary national history, Shao Hao is Dongyi, not the blood of the Yellow Emperor, and his lingering father can only be Qingyang, Xiao Xuan. Mr. He Guangyue, a contemporary scholar of ethnic origin, expounded "the son of Qingyang family of Huawei", which provided an important basis for studying the ethnic origin of Zhang. After years of research and textual research, Mr. Xie, a famous expert in national history, confirmed that Zhang's surname originated in Puyang. According to his research results, Henan Dongyang Film and Television Company produced the first episode of China Hundred Family Names series "The Origin of Zhang" in Puyang, the birthplace of Zhang in 1992, which was broadcast on Henan TV, CCTV and other TV stations, causing widespread concern at home and abroad. 1994 Mr. Xie published an academic article that Zhang's surname originated in Puyang in European Times and Henan TV News. 1994 and 1995, Puyang city and county people's governments held two academic seminars on Zhang Yuanliu respectively. Attending scholars Zhu Shaohou, Zhou, Changyuan Chen, Xie, Cheng Youwei, Wang Daliang and others published a large number of insightful academic papers, and reached a consensus that Zhang originated in Puyang. After the meeting, Yan Daozhong, consultant of Puyang Zhang Research Association, compiled these papers into a book Rooted in Longxiang. Professor Peking University and philosopher Zhang Dainian wrote an inscription for this book:
"Puyang is the old capital of Zhuan Xu, and now it is a resort in Zhongzhou. Zhang's surname is from Puyang, and celebrities come forth in large numbers. " Li Xueqin, director of the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences, a famous historian and archaeologist, Zhang Zheng, a famous historian and archaeologist of China Academy of Social Sciences, and Zhang Zhongpei, the former director of the Palace Museum and a famous archaeologist, all wrote inscriptions for the book. On the one hand, they congratulate the publication of the book and the settlement of historical unsolved cases, on the other hand, they also agree with the scientific conclusion that "Zhang's surname originated in Puyang". These precious inscriptions are not only published in the book "Looking for Roots in Longxiang", but also carved stones and erected monuments, which have become an important part of the forest of steles in Puyang Gong Hui Cemetery.