Three wonders of Longmen Grottoes
Qianxisi
Qianxi Temple is the first large cave at the northern end of Longmen West Mountain. It is more than nine meters high, nine meters wide and nearly seven meters deep. It was built in the early Tang Dynasty about 1300 years ago. The algae well at the top of the cave is a shallow carved lotus. The main Buddha, Amitabha, sat on Sumeru, with a plump face and bulging chest, and his clothes hung obliquely in front of the seat. All parts of his body are well-proportioned and intelligent, and his whole posture gives people a feeling of calmness and kindness. On the left of the main Buddha is the great disciple Ye Jia, and on the right is the little disciple Ananda. Next to the two disciples are Guanyin Bodhisattva and Guanyin Bodhisattva. In particular, the most popular figure in Nanbi, Bodhisattva, is plump and moist in appearance, and the replica of 1 is displayed in the Palace Museum. Amitabha Buddha and the two Bodhisattvas on both sides are called the Three Saints of the West, that is, the Three Saints in charge of the Western Elysium, and they are the objects of Pure Land Sect belief.
Fengxian Temple-the largest grotto
Fengxian Temple is the largest and most exquisite group of cliff carvings in Longmen Grottoes. There is a nine-body Buddha statue here, with the main Buddha of Lushena in the middle, which is the report of Sakyamuni and the largest Buddha statue in Longmen Grottoes. Its height 17. 14m, head 4m, ears 1.9m, plump in shape, majestic in appearance, smooth in clothing lines and high in artistic appeal. This is really a good work. According to the Buddhist scriptures, Lushe means to shine all the time. This Buddha statue, with rich and beautiful eyes, slightly upturned corners of the mouth, smiling face, slightly lowered head and slightly overlooking, looks like a wise and kind middle-aged woman, which makes people respect and fear. Some people say that when shaping this Buddha statue, noble sentiment, rich feelings, open mind and elegant appearance are perfectly combined, so she has great artistic charm. There are two disciples Ye Jia and Ananda on both sides of the Buddha statue in Lushena. They are docile and pious, and the two bodhisattvas are kind and cheerful. The heavenly king looks strong with a pagoda in his hand. The statue of Lux is even more moving. Only the right hand is akimbo and the left hand is folded, which is magnificent and lifelike.
Binyang sandong
Binyang South Cave
"Binyang" means to welcome the birth of the sun.
Binyang Middle Cave is a horseshoe-shaped plane with a dome at the top and a double lotus cover carved in the middle. Lotus is surrounded by eight prostitutes and two customers. Their dresses are fluttering, flying around the lotus canopy in the wind, and their posture is beautiful and moving. Lotus Cave is the theme of the III Buddha, that is, the past, present and future III Buddha. The main Buddha is Sakyamuni. He is the founder of Buddhism, formerly known as Gautama Siddharta, and the son of ancient Indian king Su Fan. He lived in a dynasty with Confucius in our country and was 12 years older than Confucius. He became a monk at the age of 29, became a Buddha six years later and founded Buddhism. Because the Northern Wei Dynasty advocated thinness as beauty, Sakyamuni, the main Buddha, had thin cheeks, a slender neck and a slender figure. Clothing lines are dense, and the carving technique is the straight knife method of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Because Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty carried out a series of sinicization policies after moving the capital to Luoyang, the costume of the main Buddha in the cave changed from the cassock biased by the right shoulder of the Buddha statue in Yungang Grottoes to the cassock with wide robes and big sleeves.
Binyang South Cave
The grottoes in Nandong were excavated in the Northern Wei Dynasty, but several major Buddha statues in the grottoes were completed in the early Tang Dynasty. The main Buddha in the cave is Amitabha, with a full face, broad shoulders, fat body and full figure, which embodies the style of taking fat as beauty in Tang Dynasty. Binyang South Cave was dug by the fourth son of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty on the basis of abandoning the Northern Wei Dynasty. It was built for the merits of its mother, grandson, and belongs to the transitional period.
Dongshan Grottoes
The more famous ones are divided into Leigutai Middle Cave and Taibei Cave.
Leigutai Middle Cave
It was a Zen cave in the Wu and Zhou Dynasties, and Zen in China was a sect specializing in meditation. "Meditation" means to settle down and stop worrying. The ceiling of the cave is dome-shaped with gorgeous lotus algae wells. The statue is one Buddha and two bodhisattvas, and the main Buddha is Maitreya, sitting with his knees drooping. There are 25 high-relief Luohan statues on the wall base, starting from the west of the south wall to the west of the north wall. The Luohan group images form a semi-circular decorative belt, and all the Luohan group images are engraved with a passage extracted from the karma of giving, legalizing and storing, introducing the life experience and characteristics of this Luohan.
Gulei Taibei Cave
Taibei Cave in Gu Lei is a horseshoe-shaped plane with a dome, 4 meters high and 4.9 meters wide. At the top of the cave is a lotus algae well surrounded by four flying bodies. Because of weathering and erosion, it is not clear. It is said that the main statue in the North Cave, three Buddha statues in the Middle Cave and one Buddha statue in the South Cave were all moved in from other places during the Republic of China. Among the three sitting buddhas in the cave, the main Buddha on the east wall is Pilu Jinna Buddha, which means the sun, also known as the "big sun Buddha". It has a Buddha statue with a crown on its head and an armband on its arm. It is 2.45 meters high and sits on the 0.9-meter-high Mount Sumi.
Xiangshan temple
Xiangshan Temple is located in the west depression of Xiangshan, south of Luoyang, the ancient capital of the 13th Dynasty 13km. Longmen Grottoes and Xishan Grottoes, a world cultural heritage, are separated by water, facing each other across the river, connected with Dongshan Grottoes and Baiyuan Grottoes, and stand side by side. Xiangshan is named after the fragrant Pueraria lobata.