Extracurricular reading is an important form of Chinese practice. Can consolidate children's reading and writing knowledge in class; Can broaden children's knowledge, cultivate sentiment and promote their healthy growth; It can improve children's overall language quality, lay a solid foundation for their life and lay a solid foundation for their lifelong learning. Suhomlinski, an educator in the former Soviet Union, once stressed: "The way to make students smarter is not to make up lessons or increase homework, but to read, read and reread." (1) The Chinese syllabus for primary schools mentions "extracurricular reading" many times, and the total amount of extracurricular reading in the whole primary school stage should be no less than 6.5438+0.5 million words.
However, according to the survey, the amount of extracurricular reading of primary and secondary school students is generally insufficient, and only 30.5% of students like extracurricular reading, and the higher the grade, the less they like reading. Why is "reading", which should be a great pleasure in life, unpopular with children, and even makes them talk about "books"?
First, the reasons why children don't "enjoy reading".
Extracurricular reading is an important platform for children to seek knowledge, enlighten wisdom and lay a good quality. However, most students do not actively smile and welcome extracurricular reading, but scowl and respond negatively. The main reasons are as follows:
1, lack of understanding of the significance of extracurricular reading.
Reading can be divided into in-class reading and out-of-class reading, but due to the influence of exam-oriented education, many students and parents have misunderstandings about the concept of "reading". They think reading is reading a good Chinese book. As long as you drill through that thin Chinese book, do that short Chinese class well, and do countless exercises correctly, you can rest easy. With such a wrong understanding, they naturally despise extracurricular reading and think that reading extracurricular books is doing nothing.
2. Lack of time and energy for reading.
Primary school students' time and energy are limited, but today, "exams are fiercer than tigers", children's schedules are full and there is almost no spare time: they sit in the afternoon from morning to afternoon and struggle in the sea of questions from noon to night. Children are not superman, and the water in the sponge is limited. Under such circumstances, do they still have extra time and energy to "enjoy" the fun of extracurricular reading easily?
3. Lack of the right and freedom to choose reading materials.
Children's extracurricular reading is a big problem related to children's cultural accumulation and spiritual growth, but there are always some parents and teachers who regard extracurricular reading as "idle books" on the pretext of "affecting homework and exams", which intentionally or unintentionally limits children's reading freedom. The author's neighbor has a little boy in grade two. At the request of his parents, he reads almost every morning and evening, but it is always the articles in the Chinese book that turn over and over. But no matter how classic a good article is, it is just a good dish. If you eat it every day, you will be bored. A thin Chinese book is "Bible" and "book collection" in the eyes of parents. Listening to the faint voice, I can't help but feel sympathy. If you open their schoolbags, you will find that they are full of various teaching AIDS or composition books such as "quick composition". In the face of exams and future competition that parents are worried about, children have no right to freely choose to study. Utilitarianism "reading in class" is destroying children's reading appetite and consuming their reading enthusiasm.
4. Lack of detection and evaluation of reading.
What should primary school students pay attention to and protect in extracurricular reading? That is interest! And children's interest mainly depends on the evaluation of parents and teachers. However, in the current evaluation of Chinese teaching, it is precisely the lack of evaluation mechanism for children's extracurricular reading. At the end of a semester, the only test paper is basically the content in the Chinese book. How many questions in the supplementary book are used to check and evaluate extracurricular reading? A single evaluation method is the only evaluation standard and basis for students' Chinese knowledge and literacy in one semester. This evaluation mechanism ignores students' dynamic development and seriously dampens students' enthusiasm for extracurricular reading.
Second, how to make children really "enjoy reading"
So how can children really "enjoy reading" in extracurricular reading? In view of the causes of the problems, combined with practical experience and thinking in teaching, I summed up the following methods:
(A clear meaning of extracurricular reading.
In order for children to understand the meaning of extracurricular reading and truly fall in love with extracurricular reading, the author believes that both internal and external conditions are needed. The so-called internal condition means that students should subjectively understand the importance of extracurricular reading to their Chinese learning and lifelong development. Teachers can first use the time to publicize and introduce anecdotes about many great men who finally achieved something because of their love of reading, such as Chen Yi eating "ink" and reading in downtown Mao Zedong, etc., and use the power of example to stimulate students' ambition to learn from them; Teachers can also use class meetings, cultural and sports classes and other time to tell students all kinds of interesting stories or organize book promotion meetings, so that students can feel the wonder and interest of extracurricular knowledge and fall in love with extracurricular reading.
The so-called external conditions are the objective environment in which students live. Only the external objective environment plays a positive role in promoting students' extracurricular reading can students develop continuously. There are two external conditions: first, teachers should improve their understanding of the significance and role of extracurricular reading; second, children's families should fully understand and support extracurricular reading. Parents should encourage and support their children's extracurricular reading. At present, most parents restrict or even oppose their children's extracurricular reading. Their reason is that it will affect their homework and exams. They think that children are young, have poor self-control, and parents have the responsibility to supervise them to do the most important things at the most important stage in today's pressure of further education and employment. Teachers can communicate and guide parents' worries and misunderstandings about extracurricular reading in many ways, such as carrying out family reading activities such as "parent-child reading" to create a rich reading atmosphere. Facts have proved that in families where parents love reading, children basically like reading. Call on parents to read more books at home, give their children a good edification and infection, and even read the same book with their children to exchange their feelings and experiences after reading. This way can not only make parents feel the charm of books, but also enhance the affection between parents and children.
(2) Ensure reading time and develop good habits.
Reading time is the guarantee of reading quality. At present, many primary school students generally feel that we have no time to study. Look at the reality, no wonder they. Children in primary schools are in an active childhood. One day, after listening to the class and finishing the homework assigned by teachers and parents, what they most desire is to have fun. For them, going out with friends, playing games or watching TV is more relaxed and brainless than a book in black and white. Under such circumstances, it is necessary to help children arrange reading time reasonably, ensure their reading energy, and let children develop good reading habits.
1, fixed reading time.
I made an attempt in my class: I changed the original 30 minutes at noon every day to "reading for teachers and students". At that time, everyone must sit in the classroom, take their favorite extracurricular books and read quietly. At first, I took compulsory measures to check the number of people every day, whether I brought books or not, and whether I had a correct reading attitude. But less than a month later, I was pleasantly surprised to find that these tests were gradually unnecessary, and even many students came to school for extracurricular reading in advance. They said: reading is a very interesting thing.
2. Compress the reading time in class.
Wei Shusheng, a famous special-grade teacher, once said: He usually spends only half of a semester teaching textbooks, and the rest of the time is spent on students' reading after class. Yes, in fact, the reading methods and skills we teach in class are to be used in a large number of extracurricular reading. Learning from Mr. Wei's methods, carefully studying textbooks and locking in the difficulties and highlights of teaching not only improve classroom efficiency, but also save a lot of classroom time. On this basis, I will open up the Chinese class every Friday and change it into a "reading guidance and communication class", which is specially used to guide children to read and let them discuss the books they read after reading. Facts have proved that this not only does not affect students' test scores, but also doubles students' interest in Chinese classes.
Now the enthusiasm of children in our class for extracurricular reading has generally improved. From sighing at the mention of reading, I am very happy to see books now. They have developed good reading habits. It can be seen that as long as students are given enough reading time to get rid of the pressure of reading in class, they will fall in love with reading from the heart.
(3) Create a relaxed atmosphere and pursue an open reading style.
1, what kind of books to read, we should respect children and give priority to students' "independent choice".
According to my investigation, there are two kinds of books that children are interested in: (1) books that meet children's age characteristics and psychological needs. Children's psychological needs have their specific age characteristics. Children in primary school are generally curious, expressive, adventurous and eager for mysterious experiences. (2) books that can keep up with the development of the times and adapt to fashion trends. The society is developing and the times are progressing. Today's children's understanding and desire for science, the universe and the future, and their follow-up to fashion and trends are unmatched by us when we were young. Knowing these two points, we won't wonder why Wan Li Under the Sea and Pinocchio have become classics of children's literature and have been loved by several generations, and we won't wonder that Pipiru and Lu Xixi will become the protagonists of children's fairy tales in China. Harry Potter can be popular all over the world. The little boy with black-rimmed glasses makes many children dream of entering that strange magical world all the time.
Of course, for the choice of reading materials, letting children choose independently does not mean that teachers let themselves go. For some shoddy and inferior books, such as books that blindly pursue terror and promote unhealthy life, teachers must absolutely stop them, while for some classic books, they should actively advocate and publicize them. Four classic novels such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin, as well as classic fairy tales such as Andersen's Fairy Tales and The Wizard of Oz, will purify children's spirit, warm their hearts and benefit them for life.
2, reading process, reduce the reading burden, and enjoy it.
Extracurricular reading is a casual pleasure in life, but at present, many children's extracurricular reading is artificially bound. Many teachers are eager to see the effect of extracurricular reading, so they have made many rigid rules, such as extracting beautiful and classic sentences and even reciting them, and analyzing the meaning and function of good words. This method of "encouraging children to grow sturdily" invisibly increases the burden of children's extracurricular reading and makes them accustomed to this kind of "hard study". In fact, extracurricular reading is a kind of casual reading to a great extent, and the result of reading is in a state of "unintentional willow trees", which can completely create a relaxed and comfortable reading environment for children's reading.
3. Read and communicate, allow everyone to express their opinions and cherish the unique experience.
How do we face children's extracurricular reading experience? This is a very serious topic, because reading will always produce different experiences and feelings, and because unfair experiences will seriously affect children's motivation and interest in reading, so we must be cautious. All kinds of performances are the excitement of children after reading it, a kind of true feelings. Under such circumstances, teachers should be tolerant and should not blindly blame and dampen children's reading enthusiasm.
(4) Enrich evaluation methods and promote the enthusiasm of continuous reading.
After students read, teachers should provide opportunities for students to enjoy the joy of success, so that children's reading fire will burn more and more brightly in the future. In practice, I have opened up various positions for students to show their reading achievements: for example, regular class reading meetings are held to let students introduce their latest good books; Thematic reading debate can enable students to exchange and debate different viewpoints after reading the same book, and make progress in the debate. Teachers and students will actively participate in it, so that children can feel the happiness and success brought by reading. For students who actively read, in addition to timely encouragement, they will also be rewarded with some material things, such as an interesting book, a pen, a beautiful notebook and so on. These methods are actually a hidden evaluation method, which represents the teacher's affirmation and praise for these children who love reading, and will play a benign role model among students and encourage them to learn from these role models.
As an aspect of reading, extracurricular reading is more important than in-class reading in a sense. Today, when quality education and lifelong learning are advocated, as teachers, we have the responsibility to let children love reading from an early age, lay a foundation for their success in life, and be good at learning and thinking.