When I accepted the appointment, I couldn't sleep well and had no taste in food. If you want to go to the northern expedition, you should go to the south first. Therefore, crossing the green river in May and going deep into the barren land, you can only eat one meal for two days; It's not that I don't cherish myself, but that I saw that the business of the imperial court could not be preserved in Shu, so I risked my life to carry out the last wish of my late emperor, but people who argued said it was not the best policy.
The enemy is just struggling to cope with the rebellion in the border counties in the west, and the east is trying to cope with Sun Wu's attack. Sun Tzu's Art of War requires attacking when the enemy is tired. Now is the time to move forward quickly! Now I want to state these things as follows:
The wisdom of Emperor Gaozu can be compared with that of the sun and the moon. His advisers are knowledgeable and influential, but they still have to go through hardships, injuries and dangers before they can settle down. Now, your majesty is inferior to Emperor Gaozu, and his ministers are inferior to Sean and Chen Ping. On the contrary, he wants to win with a long-term stalemate strategy and settle the world safely. This is the first point I can't understand.
Liu You and Wang Lang each occupy a county; When discussing security strategy, we often quote the words of ancient sages, and everyone is full of doubts and fears; Don't go to war this year, don't go next year, make Sun Ce safe and strong, and finally annex Jiangdong, which is the second point that liegeman can't understand.
Cao Cao's ingenuity is far superior to others. He fought like Sun Wu and Wuqi, but he was embarrassed in Nanyang, dangerous in Wu Chao, trapped by the enemy in Qishan and Liyang, almost defeated in Beishan, almost died in Tongguan, and then he wanted to usurp the title for a period of time. Besides, I can't understand the third point I can't understand.
Cao Cao attacked Changba five times, but he couldn't attack it. The fourth crossing of Chaohu Lake failed, Lifu was appointed and Lifu rebelled. Xia was appointed, but Xia was defeated. The first emperor often praised Cao Cao's ability, but there were still some setbacks, not to mention the inferior talents of his lieutenant. How can he guarantee victory? This is the fourth point I can't understand.
Since the liegeman entered Hanzhong, just one year later, he lost more than 70 generals such as Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Li Ding, Bai Shou, Liu He and Deng Tong, as well as general officers of the Music Department and the station troops. Foot soldiers/kloc-more than 0/000 people, such as, Wuxian, Ruo, Qingqiang, Wuqi, etc. These are elite forces accumulated from all over the world for decades, which cannot be owned by a state or county; If in a few years, two-thirds of the original troops will be lost, what will be used against the enemy? This is the fifth point I can't understand.
Now the people are poor and the soldiers are tired, but the war cannot stop; The war can't stop, so waiting for the enemy to attack there is exactly the same as going out to fight the enemy. At this time, I don't want to attack the enemy, just want to take Yizhou as a long-term stalemate with the enemy. This is the sixth point that my lieutenants cannot understand.
What is difficult to judge is war. When the first emperor was defeated by Chu, Cao Cao clapped his hands and cheered, thinking that the situation in the world was settled. However, it was Cao Cao's fault that the first emperor allied with Sun Wu in the east and captured Bashu land in the west, and sent troops to the Northern Expedition and headed for the summer. It seems that the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty is almost successful. However, Sun Wu later changed course and violated the Covenant, Guan Yu was defeated and killed, the first emperor was defeated in Zigui, and Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor.
Everything is so unpredictable. I will try my best to rest until I die. As for the success or failure of the conquest of Wei Xinghan, whether it is smooth or difficult, it is unpredictable with the intelligence of the liegeman.
Second, the original text: from? Memories of Zhang Yan in the Three Kingdoms Period
The late emperor deeply felt that Han thieves were not at peace and were not partial, so he asked me to invite thieves. With the knowledge of the first emperor, we can measure the talents of ministers, so we know that if I cut thieves, the enemy will be weak and the enemy will be strong. If you don't cut the thief, Wang Ye will die; But sitting still, which one is it? That's why I became suspicious.
On the day I was ordered, I was restless and unwilling to eat. Reflections on the northern expedition. It is advisable to enter the south first. Therefore, when crossing the river in May, nothing grows and you eat it every day. I had to feel sorry for myself, but I couldn't be partial to the capital of Shu, so I took the risk of following the wishes of my late emperor, which negotiators called a non-plan. Today, thieves hate the west and serve the east, and the art of war benefits from labor. This is also the time to move forward. I sincerely wish Chen Qi:
High above the sun and the moon, the adviser is deep, but the danger will hit, and the danger will be safe. Today, your majesty is not as good as Gaudi, and your adviser is not as good as Taiping, but you want to win in the long run and settle the world. The minister didn't solve one thing.
Liu You and Wang Lang, according to the counties, talked about the plan, moved the saints, and the ministers were suspicious. It is difficult for all people to fill their chests. They don't fight at this age, and they won't levy next year. Let Sun Ce sit on the ground and arise and merge into Jiangdong. The minister didn't solve the second problem.
Cao Cao's ingenuity is unique to others, and he uses soldiers like Sun and Wu. However, he was trapped in Nanyang, dangerous in Wuchao, dangerous in Qilian, and forced to Liyang. He was defeated in the mountains several times and almost died in Tongguan. Later, he falsely accused his ears for a while. Kuang Chen is weak, but he must be determined not to be in danger. The minister failed to solve three problems.
Cao Cao couldn't conquer Changba five times, but he couldn't cross Chaohu Lake four times. He appointed Li Fu, and Li Fu figured it out. He appointed Xiahou, and Xiahou turned defeat into victory. Every time the late emperor called Cao Cao a capable person, he still lost. How can he win? The minister's four unsolved problems.
Since I arrived in Hanzhong, I have lost more than 70 people, including Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Li Ding, Baishou, Liu He, Deng Tong, Chang Qu and Tunjiang, and more than a thousand people. These are all four elites who have been rectified in decades, not from one country; If the number of years is a complex number, two-thirds of the losses will occur. How can we make enemies? The minister has five unresolved problems.
Today, the people are poor and tired, and they are in Fukashi; If things can't stop, then life and work will wait. Not as good as today's picture, I want to stay in a state with thieves. The minister has not solved six problems yet.
It is difficult for a husband to make peace, and things are also. Yesterday, the first emperor was defeated in Chu. At this time, Cao Cao clapped his hands and said that the world was settled. Then the first emperor joined wuyue in the east, Bashu in the west, soldiers in the north, and Xiahou beheaded. This is a mistake, and the Korean incident will be a success. Then Wu Lian violated the alliance, Guan Yu was defeated, Zigui fell, and Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor. Everything is like this, and it is hard to see irreversibility. I try my best to die; As for failure and outspoken, the minister doesn't know.
Extended data
I. Appreciation of works
This chapter, written in three minutes at the end of the Han Dynasty, shows the author's character of prospering the country and establishing a career, and shows the lofty ideological realm and firm professional spirit of an old minister who "does his best until he dies". This article is good at expressing and demonstrating its own views through examples, without any suspicion of rigid preaching.
The author's spirit of doing his best for the country and the king has attracted the admiration of future generations, and the phrase "die before you die" shows that sincere heart incisively and vividly. Because this article was written after the failure of the first Northern Expedition, in order to improve morale and stabilize the situation in North Korea, the author is magnificent in his exposition and generous and heroic in his feelings. The six "ministers without solutions" pushed the spirit of the article to the peak layer by layer.
At the same time, the truth is strict, which indirectly refutes Gouan's heart to pieces. Qi comes from reason, and reason makes the argument more sublime with the help of qi. Although there is no amazing pen, it is still very convincing and shocking.
Judging from the full text, the overall idea of this table is basically in line with Zhuge Liang's human nature, whether it was made by Zhuge Liang himself or by later generations under the guise; As for the idiom "do your best, die before you die", it has become a precious spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation and has inspired countless promising people for thousands of years. Therefore, this article, whether written by Zhuge Liang or not, is an important chapter in the history and culture of China, which is worth reading by future generations.
Second, the profile of the characters.
Zhuge Liang (181-23410-8) was born in Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province) and was an outstanding politician, strategist, diplomat, writer, calligrapher and inventor during the Three Kingdoms period.
In his early years, he went to Jingzhou with his uncle Zhuge Xuan. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Xiangyang. After Liu Bei arrived at the thatched cottage, Zhuge Liang was invited to come out, but Sun Lian resisted Cao and was defeated by Battle of Red Cliffs. Formed the trend of the Three Kingdoms and captured Jingzhou. In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Yizhou was captured. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong.
In the first year of Shu Zhangwu (22 1), Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over state affairs. Liu Chan, the ruler in the last years of Shu and Han Dynasties, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was made the marquis of Wuxiang, leading Yizhou as a shepherd. Diligent and prudent, big and small political affairs must be personally done, and rewards and punishments are strict; Make an alliance with Wu Dong to improve relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China; Carry out the reclamation policy and strengthen combat readiness. Most of the six northern expeditions to the Central Plains were based on grain.
Eventually, due to overwork, he died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji, Shaanxi) in the twelfth year of Jianxing in Shu at the age of 54. Liu Chan made him a loyal minister, and later generations often called him Zhuge Liang by Wuhou. Because of his military ability, the Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing.
The representative works of Zhuge Liang's prose include A Model and A Book of Commandments. He once invented the wooden ox, the flying horse, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Lian crossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow. Zhuge Liang is the representative of loyal ministers and wise men in China traditional culture. He devoted himself to his life and died.