Gao (191July 0910-1September 09, 998), born in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang, is a professor and doctoral supervisor of Peking University.
1944 graduated from the chemistry department of Shanghai Jiaotong University. 195 1 obtained the master of science degree from new york university. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1998 passed away on September 9th.
Long-term commitment to the teaching and research of analytical chemistry.
Chinese name: Gao.
Nationality: China.
Place of birth: Xiaoshan, Zhejiang
Date of birth: 19 19 July 10.
Date of death:1September 9, 998
Occupation: educational and scientific research worker
Graduate school: new york University, USA.
Main achievements: 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Masterpiece: The mechanism of polarographic catalytic wave and its application in trace analysis.
The life of the character
On July 91KLOC-0/9, Gao was born in Nanyang Town, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. He read with his father when he was very young. 10 years old went to Zhenhai primary school with his family, 13 years old advanced placement into Shanghai girls' middle school of the Ministry of Industry.
1944, graduated from chemistry department of jiaotong university.
1946- 1948, once worked in the former Institute of Chemistry of Academia Sinica.
1949- 195 1 obtained the master's degree from the graduate school of new york university.
195 1 Join China Democratic League, 1964 Join China * * * Production Party.
1978- 199 1 year, served as a member of the first and second the State Council Academic Degrees Committee.
1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Major achievements
achievements in scientific research
Long-term commitment to the teaching and research of analytical chemistry. He has made great achievements in the study of polarographic catalytic waves and created dozens of highly sensitive analytical methods for trace elements, especially the polarographic analysis of trace rare earth elements and platinum group elements and their mechanisms.
Since 1950s, he has offered and taught analytical chemistry, instrumental analysis, electrochemical analysis, advanced electrochemical analysis and other courses. Under difficult conditions, we have combined basic theoretical research with national construction, made innovative achievements in bipolar electrode current titration theory, and actively carried out research on analytical methods in mineral resources and metal smelting. In the late 1950s, she began to apply chemical catalytic reaction to polarographic analysis to improve the analytical sensitivity (polarographic catalytic wave), which triggered the research interest and wide application of catalytic wave in China.
1965, she attended the international conference on pure substances held by the former GDR, and her paper "Mechanism of polarographic catalytic wave and its application in trace analysis" was well received.
After entering the new period of reform and opening-up, polarographic analysis of rare earth was highly selected as the research direction, and more than 20 analytical methods of complex adsorption wave of rare earth were put forward, which promoted the research and application of complex adsorption wave of rare earth and other trace elements in China.
From 65438 to 0980, she attended the "Academic Report in Memory of Heyrovsk, Jaroslav" held in Prague, where she gave an academic report on "Polarographic Analysis of Rare Earths", which attracted the attention of international scientists. She led the research team to study the function and physiological function of "rare earth micro-fertilizer".
In the late 1980s, Gao was old and weak, but he was still full of courage. Aiming at the forefront of international scientific and technological development, combined with China's reality, the photoelectric effect of rare earth complexes in simulated biofilm and the process of nitrogen assimilation by rare earth in plant roots, as well as the catalytic activity and enzymatic reaction mechanism of rare earth and zinc on glutamate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were studied, and a series of high-level achievements were obtained.
In nearly half a century's scientific research, Gao has published more than 200 papers in domestic and foreign journals, including Polarographic Catalytic Wave of Platinum Group Elements, Application of Electrochemical Analysis in Environmental Monitoring, Introduction to Electroanalytical Chemistry, Polarographic Catalytic Wave, Rare Earth Agriculture and Electroanalytical Chemistry.
Honor recognition
In view of her contribution to scientific research and prestige in scientific and technological circles, 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
social service
He used to be a member of the first (1978- 1984), the second (1985- 199 1) the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, a representative of the third National People's Congress, and the fifth, sixth and seventh sessions. Editorial Board of Analytical Chemistry, Journal of Rare Earth in China, Editor-in-Chief of Journal of University Chemistry in China and Editor-in-Chief of Analytical Chemistry Series.
family life
When you were wearing a red scarf and heading for a beautiful campus, Gao spent a bitter and unhappy childhood in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang.
Her father was a calligrapher buried in the old society and worked as an editor in Shanghai Zhonghua Bookstore.
When she was 1 1 years old, her father took her from her hometown to Shanghai to study. She studied hard, completed 12 years of study in eight years, and was admitted to the famous The National SouthWest Associated University. However, her father's unemployment deprived her of the opportunity to go to college for further study. She had to be a small teacher in a middle school to earn money to support her family and take care of her parents. The children of the poor are in charge early. That year, she was 19 years old.
Two years later, 1940, Gao was admitted to the Department of Chemistry of Jiaotong University. Soon, my father died of poverty and illness, and my family lost its pillar, and my life was in trouble again.
"Xiao Xia, your tuition fee for school" My mother asked this urgent question helplessly with tears in her eyes.
"I have classes during the day and tutor at night." She answered slowly. She knew it was the only way to stop dropping out of school.
In order to save every penny, she buys some baked sweet potatoes every noon to satisfy her hunger. After school in the afternoon, she was so hungry that she had to go to tutor the children of rich families. Regarding this period of life in Gao, I recalled: "It's nothing to live a hard life. Nothing is more depressing than the conquered. Who doesn't feel humiliated and indignant when they see the Japanese imperialists occupying our country's rivers and mountains, raping and killing people everywhere, and some honest people and young people who are patriotic? However, at that time, we were young and naive and didn't know what a revolution was. "
Some students in the Department of Chemistry of Jiaotong University dropped out of school or transferred to another school, but Gao persisted and was the only girl among the last 2/kloc-0 students. Her exam results are in the top five in her class.
She got a college diploma and thought she could serve her country. Who would have expected to run around looking for a job and get nothing? The sentence "Adventure Island" was fulfilled.
Almost in despair, classmate Xu Guangxian introduced her to Bao Hua Chemical Plant.
Gao and Xu Guangxian have been classmates for four years, and now they are colleagues, so they have more contact and understanding with each other. They talked about everything-from each other's life experiences to academic problems, from Shakespeare and Dickens to the Curies. They admire the Curies most, not only because Madame Curie discovered the radioactive elements polonium and radium, but also because of her sincere love for the motherland. After discovering polonium in France, she and her husband pierre curie excitedly said to her husband, "My poor motherland was trampled to death by the czar. However, I want the name of Poland to be engraved in people's memory forever. I want to call the new element we discovered' Polish element' to commemorate my motherland. "
The czar's iron hoof trampled Poland. The Japanese invaders trampled on China. History is so strikingly similar!
"When the Japanese occupied Shanghai, we might as well leave here and go to the mainland, perhaps to make some contributions to the war of resistance." In a long talk, Xu Guangxian put forward his own ideas. "By the way, my brother and sister are in Chongqing, so I can go first." Gao agreed.
"You go to explore the road first, and I'll bring the news later."
Gao took a simple bag and set foot on the road to Sichuan. On the way, there came the good news of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory. Gao decided not to go to the west, but to stay and teach in an agricultural middle school in Tunxi. She wrote a letter to Xu Guangxian, which said: The environment here is beautiful, the farmers are simple and the students are lovely. However, the country is poor and backward, and we need to build it.
Half a year later, Gao returned to Shanghai to marry Xu Guangxian and prepared to work together, but the reality was that he was unemployed again.
Study-drop out of school-study-graduate.
Graduation-unemployment-temporary job search-unemployment.
She has lost too much.
China was bullied because of his underdeveloped science and culture. If a country wants to be rich and strong, it must take the road of "saving the country through science". This was the general view of some patriotic intellectuals at that time. Xu Guangxian and Gao, with their love for their motherland and the support of their relatives and friends, also went to study in the United States. Gao recalled: "At that time, our concept of saving the country by science was very vague, and we thought it would always be useful to go out to study more."
Love the motherland
In America, Gao still works part-time. I worked as an analytical experimenter in Cornell University Medical Center during the day and studied analytical chemistry in the Graduate School of new york State University at night.
No holidays. No entertainment. With tenacious perseverance, it took two years to complete the required courses for graduate students. Her paper was appreciated by her tutor and published in Microelectrochemistry Journal.
Academic success can't dilute her nostalgia for her motherland. New york Overseas Chinese Daily reported many things about the motherland. At that time, reading this patriotic newspaper was monitored by the authorities, but Gao had his own way. A local Puerto Rican grocery store is remote. She and Xu Guangxian often go there to buy bread, Overseas Chinese Daily and English newspapers. Every time, she always puts the Overseas Chinese Daily under the English newspaper, casually returns to the overseas students' apartment, greedily reads, stroking the pulse of the motherland between the lines.
One morning, just getting up, I found a note in front of Gao's house. She knew it was from her friend. Patriotic students studying in the United States often write the latest news they heard on the radio on a piece of paper and stuff it into the door of a friend's dormitory. In this secret way, they passed on the good news of the victory of the Civil Liberation War to each other. Gao picked up the note and looked at it: "Extra! The three major battles have won successively! " She jumped for joy. In middle school, she read Si Nuo's Red Star over China. On the way to Tunxi, she saw with her own eyes that the New Fourth Army was brave and good at fighting and treated the people like family. Now, she can see more clearly that the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the China People's Liberation Army are the hope of the motherland and the savior of the people.
New China was born in blood and fire. Patriotic students in the United States rushed to tell, and the crowd was passionate. New york Association of Scientists Studying in the United States, China Alumni Association of Columbia University and New Culture Society jointly prepared and held a grand celebration meeting to celebrate the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC). New york street can't buy red cloth, so they dyed white cloth with red ink and made a national flag according to the national flag pattern published in Overseas Chinese Daily. They rented the gymnasium of new york International Student Apartment as a venue. Because of their strict secrecy, the rental unit thought it was going to hold a wedding ceremony, which didn't attract much attention. The celebration began with firecrackers. Tang Mingzhao, editor-in-chief of Overseas Chinese Daily, made a report at the meeting. Then there is the collective yangko. Gao and Xu Guangxian can't dance, so they are happy to dance with everyone.
The next day, Xu Guangxian and patriotic students took bread, sausages and drinks to the park on the outskirts of new york for a picnic. They put a Chinese sign on the lawn of the park that said "Victory Restaurant" and raised their glasses to drink: "To victory!" "A toast to the motherland!" Up to now, they still keep the photos of Zhang Zhengui having a picnic in Shengli Restaurant!
From 65438 to 0950, American imperialism launched a war of aggression against Korea, which seriously threatened the security of the motherland. At that time, Gao and Xu Guangxian believed that science had no national boundaries and scientists had their motherland. If you stay in America, you are helping the enemy. The new motherland is calling, Tang Aoqing and other returned students are urging, and Qian Xuesen, who is preparing to return to China, is detained by the US authorities. Faced with all this, Gao resolutely gave up the opportunity to stay for another year of doctoral degree. They threw the registration form of American citizenship into the subway, and as overseas Chinese in Guangdong-at that time, the American authorities only allowed overseas Chinese to return to China to visit relatives-they couldn't wait to board the ship bound for the Pearl River Estuary.
When they saw the flying five-star red flag and countless smiling faces, they were too excited to speak. Gao wholeheartedly whispered: motherland, your child is back!
This is May of 195 1, a wonderful and unforgettable time.
Unfavorable environment/conditions/circumstances
Gao joined the China Production Party and became a member of the vanguard of the proletariat. What followed was an unprecedented political storm-the "Cultural Revolution" swept across the country and everything. Both Gao and Xu Guangxian were regarded as "American spies" by the rebels, and were subjected to isolation review. This is something that Gao never thought of. The activities organized by three overseas students in new york are totally patriotic. How did it suddenly become "espionage"? Why did you suddenly become a "spy" when you risked your life to go back to China to participate in socialist construction? She's confused.
Gao was isolated in a small room for six months, separated by two days, unable to contact her family, and asked her to confess the crime of espionage. Life is so unfair to her. She is very sad, but she has never shed a tear. Why didn't Gao give in to adversity? Let's listen to her own answer: "I love the party, and I firmly believe that the party will not treat its loyal children badly." The truth will come out one day. With this belief, I am strong and alive. "
She was assigned to wash the toilet and clean the street. Later, she and Xu Guangxian were sent to the May 7th Cadre School to pick bricks and stones. After more than two years of labor and examination, I took off the hat of "special suspicion" and returned to Peking University. But in that era when truth was trampled on, teaching became the critical object of "emphasizing business" and "not highlighting politics" She felt in a dilemma and might as well go to the factory to be an ordinary analyst, but she was not allowed. Her mood at that time was a bit like Li Shangyin's poem: "Even this bright flame of love, is it only ashes?" .
However, her faith has not disappeared. She is open-minded, like a clear autumn night: "You can criticize my shortcomings, but you can't let me do business." As long as this work is good for the country's economic construction, why not do it? "As long as there is no' critical meeting', she still enters the laboratory; As long as the library is open, she will look for information and documents.
A favorable change
One day, Yao Xiuren from the analysis room of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences found Gao and said earnestly, "You have done a lot of work on polarographic catalytic waves, and now the geological and metallurgical industries need such books very much. Can you cooperate with us and write a book to summarize it? "
This is also a high wish. But at the moment, she didn't reply immediately. She needs to think.
Yes, the development of this analytical method in China has exceeded the limit of foreign literature reports, and it should be summarized. This is not my personal work, but the work of many people. This is something useful in the construction, but unfortunately it has not been summarized!
However, it is difficult. Because the abundant daytime is political study, the time for re-education of workers, peasants and soldiers is not at her disposal.
success
After careful consideration, Gao made up his mind. She seized every night and holiday and quietly wrote at home. After more than a year's efforts, she cooperated with Yao Xiuren and finally wrote the manuscript of polarographic catalytic wave of platinum group elements. At the end of the preface, they solemnly wrote down the date "65438+July 1 0974" as a small birthday gift for the party.
This book, which embodies the painstaking efforts of Gao and Yao Xiuren, was finally published by Science Press one year after the downfall of the Gang of Four. Their outstanding work was awarded the Natural Science Award by 1982 State Science and Technology Commission.
Seeds watered with love and tenacity germinate in the cold, bloom in the flame, and bear fruitful results in the autumn.
Personality assessment
Gao has made great contributions to the development of analytical chemistry teaching, scientific research and high-quality personnel training in China. He is an outstanding chemical educator, analytical chemist and electroanalytical chemist in China.