Zhang Yinli, the prefect of Hangzhou
Zhang Weichi
The last prefect of Hangzhou in the Ming Dynasty, his surname was Zhang, his given name was Yinli, and his courtesy name was Shenwo. He was from Linqu County, Shandong Province. A native of Dahaozhuang, he was the eldest son of Zhang Xianru, a sage in Yixiang. In the tenth year of Chongzhen's reign, he passed the imperial examination and became the prefect of Hangzhou. After Ming Zuo fell in love, he hung up his crown and returned to Qu, where he lived in Haozhuang at the foot of Baoping Mountain and lived in seclusion for the rest of his life. During this period, for decades, anecdotes and wild theories spread all over Quzhou and spread among the people. Although they have not been passed down, they have been passed down for a long time. Therefore, I will record it now for your enjoyment.
Studying hard at Songshan Temple in the cold window
In the early years of Chongzhen, Zhang Yinli came to Yili University to study at a private school. There are many students in the school, and among those who excel in academic studies, only Laiyi and Zhang Yinli are the ones. The teacher of the private school was delighted with him, had high hopes for him, and put in a lot of effort to teach him the profession, but he had to wait for the examination period to gain fame.
In the third year of Chongzhen's reign, the rural examination was held. The teacher of the school expected that his studies and skills were complete, so he ordered Yi and Xiang to go to the provincial capital together to meet the needs of his hometown. As a result, Lai Yi won the first prize in one fell swoop and passed the Jie Yuan exam, while Zhang Yin lost his reputation in Sun Shan. When he returned, the teacher was angry and punished him with two hundred rulers. From then on, he became angry and went to Longquan Temple in Songshan Mountain. He studied hard in Hanchuang for three years and never returned home once. He wore both sides of the stone and inkstone and wrote dozens of bald hair pens. In the sixth year of Chongzhen's reign, he went to the provincial examination again and passed the same examination as Zhang Han and Feng Shibiao in the city. By March of the 10th year of Chongzhen, Zhang Yinli took the lead and passed the imperial examination before his fellow students, and was promoted to Jinshi by Liu Tong. The teacher of the private school was very pleased and praised him for his ambition. He asked him to come to Yi again and take the examination again. In the thirteenth year of Chongzhen's reign, Lai Yifang and Feng Shibiao were admitted to the Gengchen Branch.
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Yinli revisited his old place and wrote "Poetry of Longquan Temple": "Under the Songshan Mountain, the sea gate is open, and the eternal rose reflects the green moss. Under the couch, the dragon peeks at the fire of the alchemy stove, and the moon in the pool is soaked in purple. Xia Bei (bai). The fisherman does not know that Hua Jin is far away, and Guizi Fang comes from Jiuling Pai (pai). It is the place where the eaves are wandering in the wind. I read his poem and think about it, "Think of the clouds." "It is hard to attack the window, to train in the month and in the season, and when the fire is pure and clear, it is actually triggered in the temple." This is what Mr. Liu Qingyuan, a Jinshi scholar in the third year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, wrote about Zhang Yinli in "Rebuilding the Inscription on the Longquan Temple". Commentary on studying hard in the cold window
Seeking fame in Prince Heng's Mansion
After Zhang Yinli became a Jinshi, he first served as the magistrate of Gaocheng County in the Northern Zhili Province, and then became the head of the Zhejiang Department of the Nanjing Ministry of Household Affairs. The two governors paid Chuzhong Jiangyou, and were appointed as the Shaanxi Division Chief of the Nanjing Household Department. At this time, misfortune suddenly occurred. There was no time to wait. Zhang Yinli was depressed at home. A neighbor came up with a plan and said, "I should pay homage to my aunt!" "My aunt, Mrs. Zhu, is the daughter of King Heng and the guest of honor of Haozhuang, Zhang Zongmeng (named Taiyan). When the neighbors gave in to her, Zhang Yinli took advantage of the Spring Festival to pay homage to his aunt. Mrs. Zhu had already realized this, and said : "The day after tomorrow, on the third day of the Lunar New Year, my eldest nephew went with me to Qingzhou to meet your grandfather (Prince Heng) and ask him to come to Beijing to start a memorial to the emperor, find an official position, and re-appoint him! "Yinli thanks you again.
On the third day of the first lunar month, the Zhu family took a sedan. Zhang Zongmeng and Zhang Yinli's uncle and nephew each followed the sedan on their horses and rushed to Prince Heng's Mansion in Qingzhou. When they arrived at the mansion, Zhu introduced him and Zhang Yinli kowtowed. After paying homage to King Heng, he followed King Heng into the living room. King Heng nodded and asked a question about his talents.
King Heng responded with great appreciation. "My nephew has a profound academic background and is qualified for the post of prefect. So be it! You can choose any state capital in the world! ”
Zhang Yinli was extremely surprised, “I heard that there is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below. Can I go to Suzhou and Hangzhou? Please make your discretion, Grandpa."
"Okay! King Heng agreed, "I am about to go to the capital to pay homage to the Holy One in the near future. By the way, I will report this matter and ask the officials to be accommodating. It will be done." The country of Ming Dynasty belongs to my Zhu family! Isn’t it easy to be a prefect? "Zhang Yinli thanked him endlessly.
After the Lantern Festival that year, Zhang Yinli went to Beijing with King Heng to pay an audience with Emperor Chongzhen, and was appointed as the prefect of Hangzhou. According to the "Hangzhou Prefectural Chronicles" provided by Mr. Chen Guangxi of the Hangzhou Municipal Chronicle Office Records: "Zhang Yinyu, a native of Linqu, was a Jinshi (Chongzhen) for seventeen years. "Gai mistook the word "Li" for "Yu".
Hangzhou Prefecture Returned
Zhang Yin was appointed as the fourth-rank magistrate and sat in the main hall of Hangzhou. However, he could not forget the depressing feeling of being on the waiting list, so he worked diligently in political affairs and "lived up to the imperial court. Live up to the people and live up to what he has learned", and "the herdsmen have a voice" (Guangxu's "Linqu County Chronicles·Characters"), so that the local scholars and people under the jurisdiction of Hangzhou Prefecture admired him as a person and obeyed him as a ruler.
In the spring of that year, the patrol soldiers captured the thieves who had stolen from the public house.
Zhang Yinli sat in court for interrogation.
The thief reported his name, "The villain's name is He Liang. Because his family had no food and his mother was dying, he robbed the warehouse..." His feelings are pitiful!
Zhang Yinli hurriedly asked, "Is it because the family is without food? Is it due to excessive taxes or a bad harvest due to natural disasters?"
He Liang said: "Last year, there was a drought and the harvest was poor, but the land tax was not reduced at all; In addition, thieves were robbing food and rice, so that every family had no food and could only survive on tree bark and vegetable leaves. My mother was over seventy years old and was so hungry that she couldn't bear to do this. , and came to steal the official warehouse..."
"Oh--" Zhang Yinli nodded slightly, "stealing the official warehouse should be a death penalty! However, I think your family is in a difficult situation and your filial piety is respectable. I will be exempted from any guilt and can go home to serve you." He Liang thanked you and stood up to leave.
Zhang Yinli said: "Recently, Japanese officials want to check the people's situation, and then report the actual situation, asking for reduction of land tax, opening of warehouses to release grain, and relief to the victims. By then, you can come to collect grain to make a living." The thief was impressed by his words. , Knelt down in tears, thanked deeply and left.
After Zhang Yinli inspected the people's situation, he reported to the court and was allowed to reduce or reduce the land tax for the year, and was allowed to open warehouses to provide relief to the victims. This is the origin of the so-called "Zhang Yinli herdsmen have a voice" in historical records.
In the last years of Chongzhen, the country's fortunes were at an end, and Emperor Zuo was in danger; natural disasters occurred in successive years, and people were hungry everywhere; bandits and bandits were rampant, and rebels were everywhere. In the 17th year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng captured Beijing and the Ming Dynasty was destroyed. After the Qing troops entered the country, it was renamed the Qing Empire. In June of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), Qing troops went to the south of the Yangtze River and surrounded Hangzhou. Magistrate Zhang led his soldiers and civilians to defend the city. They defended the city for many days, but no reinforcements were found. Magistrate Zhang was physically and mentally exhausted, restless in sleeping and eating, and sat in the mansion in boredom. Mrs. Dai served around her, comforting and caring for her. The Dai family was the daughter of Taigong Dai, a gentry in Qiantang. She was well versed in poetry and calligraphy, and was far-sighted. She was the fourth wife of Zhang Yinli under the leadership of a professor of government studies (the first three families, Yao, Ni, and Xia, were all in Shandong at that time).
The night was getting deeper, and Yin Li had already fallen asleep. Dai Shi was feeling sleepy, and suddenly heard a noise at the window.
Dai was frightened and pushed her husband to wake up. The two of them listened with bated breath, as if someone came under the window. While he was wondering, he suddenly heard a whisper from the window: "Master magistrate, get up quickly, the Qing troops are about to attack the city, and you won't be able to escape at dawn!"
Zhang Yinli asked in shock: "Who are you?"
"My name is He Liang. Last spring, I robbed the official warehouse and was forgiven by the master. In order to repay the grace of saving my life, I came to rescue you out of the city."
Zhang Yinli and Dai hurriedly stand up. Dai held the light and opened the door, only to see the visitor, dressed in night-walking anti-arrow uniform, kneeling down and saluting.
Zhang Yinli asked urgently: "Why are you dressed like this?"
He Liang raised his head and said, "After my mother passed away, I was lonely and helpless, so I became a bandit. Because I know some martial arts. Kungfu, pretending to be a scout in the army..."
Zhifu Zhang looked serious, "Get up and talk! Has anyone seen you when you entered the house?"
"Your Majesty, The villain is practicing flying over eaves and walking over walls, and the soldiers don't know it. When he enters your house, he comes from the roof."
Mrs. Dai said in a low voice: "Master, hurry up. Make up your mind and get away!"
Zhifu Zhang sighed and murmured to himself: "As a fourth-rank official of the imperial court, how can you return home secretly? You would rather die defending the city than be scolded by the world? "Ten thousand years!"
He Liang urged, "Sir, the troops in Hangzhou are already at the gates, and the new emperor of Nanjing is dead, but with the soldiers in the palace, the situation is precarious; not to mention that the governor of Zhejiang has decided to surrender at dawn. But it will be difficult to escape!"
Zhang Yinli told Dai, "Pack your luggage and wake up the child."
Dai said: "If you go with me as a concubine, you will attract the attention of the bad guys. You should go first, I will take off my skirt and hairpin, hide in an alley, and go to my child's grandpa's house."
"Then let the book boy escort you and wait.
When the world is at peace, go to your hometown in Shandong again! "We bid farewell with tears.
Zhang Yinli took off his official uniform, revealing his black silk casual clothes, and said, "He Yishi will wait here for a moment. I'll come as soon as I go! "As he said that, he held the official seal in his hand and went straight to the main hall of the magistrate. He placed the official uniform and official seal on the official case, then retreated into the hall and bowed three times. Only a handful of officials and government guards came. Zhang Yinli stood up, stood under the candle in the hall, and said to everyone: "The Tatars are besieging the city, but there are no reinforcements. We know that the fate of the country is over! But now, the city is about to be destroyed, and the defeat is inevitable. Even if you die for each other, it will be difficult to turn things around, and it will not be of any benefit to the country or your family. Therefore, please go quickly to settle your family members and save the people. Other than that, there is no other good idea! "After saying this, everyone rushed out.
Zhang Yinli hurried back to his private residence and met He Liang coming out.
"Sir, it's not too late! He Liang urged, "There are very few troops outside the north gate. Go and ask for the city gate to be opened. From there we can break out!" ”
“Are you asking me to open the north gate again? If thieves and soldiers take advantage of the situation, won't they cause more harm to the people? "
He Liang said: "Sir, the Qing soldiers have now broken through the outer city. The people had no way to escape and no way to survive. Once you open the north gate, it will open up a way for the people to escape. It is better than being blocked in the city and being killed and humiliated! "
"Then run to the north gate. "Zhang Yinli spoke decisively, and suddenly thought of Dai's mother and son, "My family..."
"My lady has left with your son. ”
“Oh! "Zhang Yinli breathed a sigh of relief and just came out of the hall. He led He Liang to the stables in the side yard, and each rode a horse straight to the north gate. When they left the house and entered the alley, they saw people walking around in a panic, hiding here and there.
Zhang Yinli called for the north gate, and under the leadership of He Liang, he rushed across the suspension bridge and left. It turned out that He Liang, as a scout, knew the army's passwords and had military badges, so he was brave when encountering the army. , The journey was smooth, and without much effort, he led Zhang Yinli past the siege barracks. About seven or eight miles away from Hangzhou, He Liang took the reins of the horse and said, "Sir, hurry up!" We won't send it far! "As he said this, he clasped his fists and said goodbye. Yinli returned the gift. After that, the two of them went north and south. Along the way, Zhang Yinli rode straight to Shandong without stopping. When he returned to Qu, his horse was tired and died after a few days. Zhang Yinli felt compassion in his heart, deeply feeling that this horse was running for thousands of miles. Because of the pain, he ordered his family to bury horses and dogs in the west of the village, which was called Ma Zizhong. Not long after, Wang and Jiang were sent by Dai to return from Qiantang to pay their respects.
Zhang Yinli thought that he was lonely and helpless, so he stayed in Haozhuang and regarded him as a moth, which was the origin of the surnames of King Haozhuang and Jiang.
As for Dai's mother and son. After the fall of Hangzhou, the Zhang family in Zhejiang still has descendants of Yinli.
Zhang Yinli left his post in Hangzhou and returned home. , had violated the "Ming Dynasty prohibition", and according to the convention, he should be punished. However, since the Ming Dynasty had been destroyed, no one cared about it, but Zhang Yinli felt guilty: "I didn't die defending the city for the Ming Dynasty." ! It's not as good as Fengmengdongdu to go to avoid the rule of law. "So! Dumen thanked his guests and secluded himself at home; or he traveled to Shimen Mountain and Yisong peaks, expressing his feelings for the mountains and rivers, singing about the wind and moon; or he stayed at home and wrote books and theories, including ten volumes of "Annotations on Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism". The twenty-six volumes of "Aquarius Collection" were used for self-entertainment (excluding the three volumes of "Xihu Miscellanies"). It was a pity! It was later burned down due to a fire at home.
During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Wenhuadian University. Feng Pu, a scholar and native of Linqu, once asked someone to send a letter to persuade Zhang Yinli to become an official in the Qing Dynasty. Zhang Yinli was disheartened and wrote back in a blur of pen: "I am destined to have no official career, and trying to be strong will also hinder my health. How can I serve as a courtier for two more times if I have lost my job and regretted it in vain? "We declined politely.
President Pian Yi Zhi
In the eleventh year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty, Tu Shouzheng, the magistrate of Linqu County, wanted to compile the "Linqu County Chronicle", so he asked Zhang Yinli, Sun Xiqing, and Yin Suo to compile it. At the beginning, Zhang Yinli refused to accept the offer, so as not to be suspected of being greedy. However, the magistrate Tu repeatedly asked for help. Zhang Yinli then went to the Xiang Confucian Temple in the county and recommended Gongsheng Yin to be the chief editor and editor. Zhang Tong, deputy supervisors Zhang Jiajia, Zhang Qixun and others assisted in the revision, while Sun Xiqing, the former governor of Yuanzhou Prefecture in Jiangxi Province, only served as president.
During this period, Zhang Yinli lived in the Zhangfu villa in Guojialou (later known as Zhangjiazhuang) in the west of the city. He walked from the north gate of the county to the county government office every day to determine the titles and review the journal articles. ——The magistrate of Lanyang County highly praised and admired the festival of death, and wrote a long article to comment on it. This chronicle is written in four volumes with more than 40 headings. It is more specific and systematic than Jiajing's Linqu County Chronicle, the first official county chronicle of Linqu. It is the second official county chronicle of Linqu County. After the chronicle was completed, the county magistrate Tu Shouzheng presented a couplet: "The president Pian Yi Zhi will rule the city of Hangzhou." Among them, "Pian Yi Zhi" refers to Kangxi's "Linqu County Chronicle" which has been in existence to this day.
Zhang Yinli had a rough life and a poor official career. Especially when he was crowned in Hangzhou, he would regret it for the rest of his life! In his later years, Yi Qian still left a legacy saying: "It is a regret in my life that I will be crowned in Hangzhou; I have been unfaithful to Ming Dynasty, and I am embarrassed to remember it!" "May my descendants: be loyal to Zhu Ming, do not engage in Tatar Qing affairs, and keep my reputation intact!" The words are sincere, It is enough to get a glimpse of his regret for betraying the Ming Dynasty and his passion for Qing Qing! It can also be known that it is the full name of the festival, and it is not as fierce as the second minister!
(This article originally appeared in "The History of the Sea", page 12 of "Weifang Evening News" on March 21, 2007. The author Zhang Weichi is the 13th direct grandson of Zhang Yinli, a Jinshi of the Ming Dynasty and the prefect of Hangzhou.)
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