Sanskrit is one of the 22 official languages ??in India today, but it is no longer a language of communication in daily life. In 2001, only 14,000 people mastered this language, which is the smallest number of speakers among the official languages ??in India. Strictly speaking, Sanskrit, like Latin and ancient Chinese, has become a living fossil in linguistic research.
Modern Sanskrit is a pinyin script written from left to right. In the early 19th century, European scholars developed Devanagari into a standard script for mechanical printing. Its alphabet consists of 48 symbols. 34 of them are consonants and 14 are vowels or diphthongs.
In the late 18th century, Sanskrit had been transliterated using the Latin alphabet, and the most commonly used system today is IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration). With the development of modern computer technology, standardized Sanskrit can not only be easily input into computer systems, but can also be translated into and out of multiple languages, providing convenience for the study of linguistics and religion.
Extended information:
Language features:
Sanskrit has used some different letters in history. Currently popular in India is the Devanagari script, which is the script used in the phonetic system of this entry.
Sanskrit vowels are divided into simple vowels, diphthongs, and triphthongs, and consonants are divided into guttural, palatal, parietal, dental, labial, semivowel, sibilant, and breath sounds. wait. Right: Handwritten Sanskrit "Rig Veda" in the 19th century. Note that the orthodox Sanskrit writing method is that there are no spaces between words.
Nouns have gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number ( Singular, even, plural), changes in case (physical case, business case, possessive case, for case, submissive case, genitive case, adagative case, vocative case).
Verb conjugations include singular, even, and plural; persons include first, second, and third persons; time is divided into present tense, imperfect tense, perfect tense, aorist tense, future tense, and hypothetical tense. ; The voice includes active, middle, and passive; the mood is divided into declarative, subjunctive, imperative, and imperative (subjunctive mood in aorist tense); the endings are divided into original and derived.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Sanskrit